Development of Hierarchical Simulation Framework for Design and Optimization of Molecular Based Flash Cell

The field of molecular electronics continues to spur interest in the quest for miniaturization and reduction of operational power of electron devices. Most of the systems described in the literature are based on organic molecules, such as benzene, ferrocene and fullerenes [1]. However, the use of inorganic molecules known as polyoxometalates (POMs) (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) could offer several important advantages over the conventional and organic based devices. The interest in POMs for flash cell applications stems from the fact that POMs are highly redox active molecules and that they can also be doped with electronically active heteroatoms [3]. They can undergo multiple reversible reductions/oxidations, which makes them attractive candidates for multi-bit storage in flash memory cells. Our recent work showed that POMs are more compatible with existing CMOS processes than organic molecules and they can replace the polysilicon floating gate in contemporary flash cell devices [2]. In this work, we discuss a further improvement and development of our simulation framework and models, e.g. Poisson distribution of the molecules in the oxide, introducing a various device geometry such as FDSOI and nanowires and improved simulation flow

Effect of cross wind on aerodynamic coefficients of ground vehicles.

The present work investigates the variation of aerodynamic coefficients with the change in the angle of flow. A mathematical equation has been developed for predicting the aerodynamic coefficients, when a vehicle is subjected to crosswind. A tractor-trailer model has been utilised to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed equations. Flow analysis was carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. CFD simulations have been carried out on the tractor-trailer model at a wind speed of 25 m/s, for wind angles ranging from 0 to 180. The computational results obtained have been used for comparing the predicted aerodynamic coefficients. This mathematical model developed can be used for various aerodynamic investigations that involve large angles of attack

3D Multi-Subband Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulator of FinFETs and nanowire transistors

In this paper we present the development of a 3D Multi Subband Ensemble Monte Carlo (3DMSB-EMC) tool targeting the simulation of nanoscaled FinFETs and nanowire transistors. In order to deliver computational efficiency, we have developed a self-consistent framework that couples a MSB- EMC transport engine for a 1D electron gas with a 3DPoisson- 2DSchro ̈dinger solver. Here we use a FinFET with a physical channel length of 15nm as an example to demonstrate the appli- cability and highlight the benefits of the simulation framework. A comparison of the 3DMSB-EMC with Non-Equilibrium Green’s Functions (NEGFs) in the ballistic limit is used to verify and validate our approach

Random Discrete Dopant Induced Variability in Negative Capacitance Transistors

In this work we investigate the impact of random discrete dopants (RDD) induced statistical variability in ferroelectric negative capacitance field effect transistors (NCFETs). We couple the 3D `atomistic' statistical device simulator GARAND with the Landau - Khalatnikov equation of the ferroelectric for this study. We found that the negative capacitance effect provided by the ferroelectric layer can lead to suppression of the RDD induced variability in the threshold voltage (Vt), OFF-current (IOFF), and ON-current (ION). This immunity to RDD induced variability increases with increase in the ferroelectric thickness

Commission on the Loose? Delegated Lawmaking and Comitology after Lisbon

The Treaty of Lisbon has altered the institutional mechanism of the European Union. The introduction of formal hierarchy of legal acts has important implications for the balance of power among the EU institutions. This paper argues that the Commission is likely to enjoy some discretion in delegated lawmaking while remaining in the shadow of the legislators’ activism. The Commission has also successfully positioned itself to diminish the influence of comitology committees on the adoption of implementing acts, though a new layer of complexity was added. The possible outcomes of this new institutional battle are analysed in the context of the new challenges to the Community method. Some important inferences of this institutional shift for the debate on the democratic deficit in the EU are also drawn up

Self-consistent physical modeling of SiOx-based RRAM structures

We apply a unique three-dimensional (3D) physics-based atomistic simulator to study silicon-rich (SiOx, x<;2) resistive switching nonvolatile memory (RRAM) devices. We couple self-consistently a simulation of ion and electron transport to the `atomistic' simulator GARAND and a self-heating model to explore the switching processes in these structures. The simulation model is more advanced than other available phenomenological models based on the resistor breaker network. The simulator is calibrated with experimental data, and reconstructs accurately the formation and rupture of the conductive filament in the 3D space. We demonstrate how the simulator is useful for exploring the little-known physics of these promising devices, and show that switching is an intrinsic property of the SiOx layer. In general, the simulation framework is useful for providing efficient designs, in terms of performance, variability and reliability, for memory devices and circuits. The simulator validity is not limited to SiOx-based devices, and can be used to study other promising RRAM systems based, e.g., on transition metal oxides

Evaluation of the System of Disaster Management Resulting from War Operations and Terrorism in Iraq

Nowadays the science of disaster and crisis management is considered as one of the important sciences all over the world. Therefore, disaster management is considered an important and common subject that requires great efforts. So continuous research is one of the important ways to establish the best methods to evaluate and develop the management of disasters and crises. Such methods are appropriate to deal with the suffering that many countries experience from natural and environmental disasters from time to time. This research aims to show the significance of disaster and crisis management in general. It also explores the current situation related to disaster response management in Iraq. This exploration focuses on the achievement of the basic functions of the management operation (planning, organizing, directing, controlling). In addition, it identifies the weaknesses and the strengths of the current administrative system in all its elements and analyses all the problems and the defects in every element, in order to treat and solve these problems and defects by making recommendations to improve the immediate response system to serve Iraqi disaster management in the future. In order to satisfy this aim, data collection included information obtained from literatures relating to disaster and crisis management. In addition, other information was obtained from a field survey of the directories of the civil defence in Iraq. Furthermore, collective and personal interviews with specialists related to disasters and crisis resulting from the war operations and terrorism were conducted. Analysis of the data results revealed many weak points in the current system and this was confirmed by the field survey. It showed us more clearly the areas where the weak points appear in the management function, especially in the planning and organization functions. One of the most important weak points is the absence of heavy equipment, as well as the shortage of specialist engineering staff and a dependence on assistance from other service departments. This is because of the local roles and the departmental management in the government. Finally, the study reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, including providing the directories of the civil defence with the heavy rescue equipment and providing specialist trained engineering staff to deal with the disasters and crises. Moreover, it sets in place an incentive scheme for the related members of the directories of the civil defence. Such schemes encourage them to continue working to face the unnatural circumstances that Iraq is experiencing and to create an environment similar to that of developed countries in the world. This contributes to overcoming the disasters of all shapes and reduces the damage to lives and property

A Hierarchical Model for CNT and Cu-CNT Composite Interconnects: From Density Functional Theory to Circuit-Level Simulations

No abstract available

First Principle Simulations of Electronic and Optical Properties of a Hydrogen Terminated Diamond Doped by a Molybdenum Oxide Molecule

In this work we investigate the surface transfer doping process induced between a hydrogen-terminated (100) diamond and a metal oxide MoO 3 , using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. DFT allows us to calculate the electronic and optical properties of the hydrogen-terminated diamond (H-diamond) and establish a link between the underlying electronic structure and the charge transfer between the oxide materials and the H-diamond. Our results show that the metal oxide molecule can be described as an electron acceptor and extracts the electrons from the diamond creating 2D hole gas in the diamond surface. Hence, this metal oxide molecule acts as a p-type doping material for the diamond