Transmission measurement at 10.6 microns of Te2As3Se5 rib-waveguides on As2S3 substrate

The feasibility of chalcogenide rib waveguides working at lambda = 10.6 microns has been demonstrated. The waveguides comprised a several microns thick Te2As3Se5 film deposited by thermal evaporation on a polished As2S3 glass substrate and further etched by physical etching in Ar or CF4/O2 atmosphere. Output images at 10.6 microns and some propagation losses roughly estimated at 10dB/cm proved that the obtained structures behaved as channel waveguides with a good lateral confinement of the light. The work opens the doors to the realisation of components able to work in the mid and thermal infrared up to 20 microns and even more.Comment: The following article appeared in Vigreux-Bercovici et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 011110 (2007) and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/90/01111

French responses to the Prague Spring: connections, (mis)perception and appropriation

Looking at the vast literature on the events of 1968 in various European countries, it is striking that the histories of '1968' of the Western and Eastern halves of the continent are largely still written separately.1 Nevertheless, despite the very different political and socio-economic contexts, the protest movements on both sides of the Iron Curtain shared a number of characteristics. The 1968 events in Czechoslovakia and Western Europe were, reduced to the basics, investigations into the possibility of marrying social justice with liberty, and thus reflected a tension within European Marxism. This essay provides an analysis specifically of the responses by the French left—the Communist Party, the student movements and the gauchistes—to the Prague Spring, characterised by misunderstandings and strategic appropriation. The Prague Spring was seen by both the reformist and the radical left in France as a moderate movement. This limited interpretation of the Prague Spring as a liberal democratic project continues to inform our memory of it

DNA damage in B and T lymphocytes of farmers during one pesticide spraying season

Purpose The effect of one pesticide spraying seasonon DNA damage was measured on B and T lymphocytesamong open-field farmers and controls.Methods At least two peripheral blood samples were collectedfrom each individual: one in a period without anypesticide application, several weeks after the last use (January,at period P0), and another in the intensive pesticidespraying period (May or June, at period P4). DNA damagewas studied by alkaline comet assay on isolated B or Tlymphocytes.Results Longitudinal comparison of DNA damageobserved at both P0 and P4 periods revealed a statisticallysignificant genotoxic effect of the pesticide spraying seasonin both B (P = 0.02) and T lymphocytes (P = 0.02) in exposed farmers. In contrast, non-farmers did not showany significant modifications. DNA damage levels in Band T lymphocytes were significantly higher in farmersthan in non-farmers during the P4 period (P = 0.003 andP = 0.001 for B and T lymphocytes, respectively) but notduring the P0 period. The seasonal effect observed amongfarmers was not correlated with either total farm area, farmarea devoted to crops or recent solar exposure. On average,farmers used pesticides for 21 days between P0 and P4.Between the two time points studied, there was a tendencyfor a potential effect of the number of days of fungicidetreatments (r2 = 0.43; P = 0.11) on T lymphocyte DNAdamage.Conclusions A genotoxic effect was found in lymphocytesof farmers exposed to pesticides, suggesting in particularthe possible implication of fungicides

In-doped gallium oxide micro- and nanostructures: morphology, structure, and luminescence properties

The influence of indium doping on morphology, structural, and luminescence properties of gallium oxide micro- and nanostructures is reported. Indium-doped gallium oxide micro- and nanostructures have been grown by thermal oxidation of metallic gallium in the presence of indium oxide. The dominant morphologies are beltlike structures, which in many cases are twisted leading to springlike structures, showing that In diffusion in Ga2O3 influences the microstructure shapes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy has revealed the presence of twins in the belts, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has detected a segregation of indium impurities at the edges of planar structures. These results suggest that indium plays a major role in the observed morphologies and support the assumption of a layer by layer model as growth mechanism. An additional assessment of indium influence on the defect structure has been performed by cathodoluminescence in the SEM, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, and spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy

La production agricole en Europe

[fre] Globalement la production agricole européenne, si elle s'est développée en volume, ne s'est guère modifiée en structure. Cependant, au niveau national, on constate une certaine spécialisation, et au niveau régional un renforcement de la production dans les zones de plaines industrielles, du Nord de la CEE particulièrement. Mais ces mouvements n'ont pas été induits par la Politique Agricole Commune : il semble au contraire que, accélérés durant la période préparatoire, ils se soient figés sur la dernière décennie. [eng] Over the past twenty years, European agricultural production, in the aggregate, has only slightly changed in composition, if greatly in volume. However, national data show a certain specialization, and regional data a stronger development of production in industrial plains, in the North of the Community especially. But those movements are not the result of the CAP. Rapid during the early years of the EEC, they have been limited during the ten last years.

Atlas en ligne de cas cliniques de dermatologie canine et féline à visée pédagogique, vus en consultation de Parasitologie-Dermatologie à l'Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort (2002-2009)

Le diagnostic, et de ce fait, l'apprentissage de la dermatologie, est rendu difficile du fait d'une multitude de maladies s'exprimant par un nombre limité de lésions. Cet atlas à visée pédagogique s'adresse principalement aux étudiants vétérinaires dans le but de faciliter leur apprentissage de la dermatologie canine et féline par la visualisation de cas concrets. Les photographies prises lors des consultations de dermatologie canine et féline à l'Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort entre 2002 et 2009 ont servi de support à la rédaction d'un ensemble de cas cliniques (61 cas). Il reprend principalement des cas concernant des dermatoses des carnivores domestiques rencontrées quotidiennement en pratique mais aussi quelques cas d'affections plus rares. Le support de diffusion choisi est un site Internet du fait de sa grande accessibilité et de la possibilité de visualiser de façon optimale des clichés photographiques ainsi que de l'actualisation des données.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF