Pathogenesis and clinicohistopathological caractheristics of melanoacanthoma: a systematic review

Introduction: The melanoacanthoma is a rare benign pigmented tumor, characterized by a fast radial growth and clinical behavior similar to melanoma. Color changes in oral mucosa and dermis are consequence of increased melanocyte activity as response to an irritant factor. There is a vast phenotypic variety. It is difficult to distinguish between a benign pigmented lesion and a melanoma at its early stage. Due to its clinical relevance is crucial to diagnose possible malignancy of the lesions. Objectives: The aim of this article is to conduct a systematic review of all published articles, as well as update and evaluate etiologic factors and clinicopathological features. Material and Methods: We carried out a search in the Medline database (PubMed) using the key words “oral melanoacanthoma” AND “oral melanoacanthosis” AND “oral melanoepithelioma”. Inclusion criteria were all published articles since its discovery. Demographic data, histological features and immunohistochemical findings were extracted from the full articles. Results: A total of 56 articles were analysed. 114 injuries drawn from these articles were studied, a total of 115 injuries with our contribution case. The 74.78% of authors claim a reactive pathogenesis. The average age of lesión appearance is 34.79 years, with an age range of 5-87 years. There is a predominance of the female sex in solitary phenotype 3: 2 and a ratio of women to men 5: 3 if it is multifocal phenotype. Bilateral phenotype is slight higher in women of 2: 1. Conclusions: Histopathological analysis of the lesión is vital to diagnose malignancy. Therefore, any heterogeneous, pigmented lesion with irregular edges, raised surface, fast growth and abrupt appearance should be biopsied. More emphasis on the potential irritants should also be put to improve the quality of life of our patients and to reduce morbidity of melanoacanthoma, as well as, several similar clinical behavior disease

Improving the effect of incubation and oxidative stress on thawed spermatozoa from red deer by using different antioxidant treatments

P. 856-870Antioxidants could improve sperm media, extending the viability of spermatozoa and protecting their DNA. The protective ability of lipoic acid, melatonin, Trolox and crocin was tested on red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37°C. Cryopreserved spermatozoa were thawed and incubated with 1 mM or 0.1 mM of each antioxidant, with or without oxidative stress (100 μM Fe2+). Motility (CASA), viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and acrosomal status were assessed. Lipoperoxidation (malondialdehyde production), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA status (TUNEL) were checked at 4 h. Incubation alone increased ROS and decreased motility. Oxidative stress intensified these effects, increasing lipoperoxidation and DNA damage. Lipoic acid had little protective effect, whereas 1 mM melatonin showed limited protection. Trolox lowered ROS and lipoperoxidation both in oxidised and non-oxidised samples. In oxidised samples, Trolox prevented DNA and acrosomal damage, and ameliorated motility. Crocin at 1 mM showed similar results to Trolox, but noticeably stimulated motility and had no effect on lipoperoxidation. In a second experiment, a broader range of crocin and melatonin concentrations were tested, confirming the effects of crocin (positive effects noticeable at 0.5–0.75 mM), but showing an increase in lipoperoxidation at 2 mM. Melatonin was increasingly effective at 2.5 and 5 mM (ROS, lipoperoxidation and DNA status). Crocin seems a promising new antioxidant, but its particular effects on sperm physiology must be further studied, especially the consequences of motility stimulation and confirming its effect on lipoperoxidation. Melatonin might be useful at relatively high concentrations, compared to Trolox.S

A faithful functor among algebras and graphs

The problem of identifying a functor between the categories of algebras and graphs is currently open. Based on a known algorithm that identifies isomorphisms of Latin squares with isomorphism of vertex-colored graphs, we describe here a pair of graphs that enable us to find a faithful functor between finite-dimensional algebras over finite fields and these graphs

Influence of subclinical endometritis on the reproductive performance of dairy cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of subclinical endometritis (SE) on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Ninety-four dairy cows of parity 1 to 8, distributed in 25 herds, were examined once between 30 and 45 days in milk using transrectal palpation, vaginoscopy and ultrasonography. A cytological sample of the endometrium was taken only from cows with an apparent healthy uterus (n=65). Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, total proteins, albumin, urea and hepatic enzymes were analyzed. Reproductive indexes were recorded during the next 11 months. Endometrial cytology was considered indicative of SE if percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was superior to 5% of all cells present in the smear, except erythrocytes. Results indicated that 14.9% of the cows sampled for uterine cytology had SE, and that healthy cows become pregnant significantly before than those with SE (hazard ratio=2.35; 95% confidece interval: 1.05-5.3). From all the metabolic and productive variables analyzed, only triglycerides affected negatively to reproduction; serum albumin concentration, body condition score and milk production had positive effects on the reproductive performance. In conclusion, our results indicate that SE has a negative impact on reproductive performance and uterine cytology is necessary to diagnose it since almost 15% of the affected animals were not detected by other diagnosis methodsXunta de Galicia (Programa Sectorial de Medio Rural, Proyecto Ref. PGIDIT07MRU002E) and FEFRIGA, Santiago de Compostela, SpainS

Validation of a simple method for the interpretation of uterine cytology in cows

One of the main drawbacks of using endometrial cytology in cows is the time required for sample collection and interpretation. It is recommended to count a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and to calculate their overall percentage. However, since counting a large number of cells is a laborious method, it would be preferable to simplify the analysis by counting the number of PMN in few microscopic fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a simple test, based on calculating the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×, could be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of endometritis. Two hundred and sixty endometrial samples were taken from Holstein cows at different postpartum stages using an adapted cytobrush. Smears obtained were air-dried for fixing and stained with a Romanowsky-type procedure. To evaluate the counting method, the percentage of PMN in 150 cells was calculated as well as the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was constructed to evaluate both methods, the percentage of PMN (used as reference) and the average number of PMN. It was observed that the area under the curve is (regardless of cut-off used) higher than 0.99 and the correspondence between both methods were 1.58 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 15% and 2.40 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 20%. These results show that this simple method could be used to determine the percentage of PMN in endometrial cytological samples and to diagnose endometritis in cowsSupported by the Xunta de Galicia (Galician Plan for Research and Technological Development; Grant No. PGIDIT07MRU002E) and the Friesian Federation of Galician, A Coruna, SpainS

Letter in response to article in journal of infection: “High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients”

Letter to editorUnidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Valoración de salud oral en una población de disminuidos psíquicos de la provincia de Sevilla.

Falta palabras claveLa atención odontológica de los pacientes minusválidos psíquicos adultos ha sido frecuentemente subestimada. Como consecuencia de esta situación se constata la escasez de estudios valorativos en nuestro país y mucho más acusados en Andalucía, donde son prácticamente inexistentes. Por todo ello, hemos realizado el presente estudio de la valoración de la salud oral y las necesidades de tratamiento en una población de minusválidos psíquicos, referidos a tres centros asistenciales de la provincia de Sevilla. Se ha utilizado el Método de Investigación de Salud de la OMS para estudiar a 182 pacientes pertenecientes a dichos centros. Se relacionaron los diferentes índices bucodentales con las variables demográficas (sexo y edad) y las variables clínicas (grado de institucionalización y cociente de inteligencia). Los resultados arrojan un elevado grado de patología oral (caries, enfermedad periodontal, maloclusiones, etc…) que nos indican la necesidad de instaurar Programas de Salud Oral, para satisfacer las necesidades de tratamiento en esta población especial. Los pacientes discapacitados psíquicos adultos presentan una elevada prevalencia de patología oral. La propia minusvalía psíquica (limitando la habilidad del paciente para efectuar su higiene oral) con un inadecuado control dietético (aumento en el consumo de carbohidratos) así como la aparición de maloclusiones y de afectación de la articulación témporo-mandibular, inciden con mayor frecuencia en los retrasados mentales adultos. Los factores anteriormente descritos y otros, explican el deterioro prematuro de la dentición, originando un alto grado de patología a nivel oral. En la actualidad, se está observando un mayor interés de los profesionales odontoestomatólogos hacia este grupo especial de pacientes. Sin embargo, no ha desaparecido totalmente el tradicional rechazo e incomodidad en el tratamiento de estas personas. El especial manejo dental que requiere este de pacientes y la falta de adecuados Programas de Salud Oral, constituyen una barrera en su atención odontológica. La propia incapacidad del sujeto, ya sea física o psíquica, es un factor relevante a la hora de asumir su responsabilidad en el grado de salud oral, siendo necesario en la mayoría de las ocasiones, la colaboración de familiares o personal auxiliar a su cuidado. Las necesidades de tratamiento suelen ser muy elevadas y frecuentemente insatisfechas, debido a la escasez de recursos económicos de los pacientes y de la propia Administración. La valoración de la salud bucodental de este colectivo, justifica su estudio, no sólo por la escasez de trabajos publicados (sobre todo en la edad adulta) sino por la alta incidencia de patología asociada, todo ello como resultado directo de la escasa higiene oral y de la baja atención odontológica dispensada a estos pacientes

Patología de patogenia inmunitaria de las glándulas salivales

La lesión linfoepitelial benigna es considerada un proceso autoinmune, que puede manifestarse como una enfermedad local de las glándulas salivales (sialadenitis mioepitelial) o como una de las manifestaciones del síndrome de Sjögren. En éste último los pacientes tienen queratoconjuntivitis seca y xerostomía y con frecuencia se asocia a una artritis reumatoide u otra enfermedad autoinmune. Aunque en la gran mayoría de los casos la lesión linfoepitelial tiene una evolución benigna, hay un riesgo significativo de desarrollar un linfoma. La lesión linfoepitelial benigna también se puede producir en pacientes con infección VIH (enfermedad de las glándulas salivales asociada al VIH) y en los receptores de médula ósea alogénica con enfermedad crónica inducida por el injerto.The benign lymphoepithelial lesion is regarded as an autoimmune disease of the salivary glands. The alteration may be seen as a local disorder of the salivary glnd (“myoepitelial sialadenitis”), or it may be one of the manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome. In the later case patients have keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia and often rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue disorders. Although the vast majority of lymphoepitelial lesions remain benign, there is a significant risk of lymphomathous changues. The benign lymphoepithelial lesion also may develop in HIV-positive patients (human immunodeficiency rius salivary gland disease) and in bone marrow transplanted patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease