Seguiment i recuperació d’espècies afectades per la pesca en ecosistemes marins d’aigües profundes: un esforç conjunt entre biologia i tecnologia

3 pages, 2 figures[EN] The oceans provide important ecosystem services, and protein provisioning is one of the main benefits for humanity. The millenarian Mediterranean fishing activity today accounts for almost half of all the fisheries in the EU, and the use of high-impact fishing methods has made this human activity one of the main drivers of ecosystem degradation, especially in demersal and benthic environments (Puig et al. 2012). Bottom otter gear (hereafter trawling) causes the removal of sediments and endangers demersal living resources and their ecosystems, with fragile epi-faunal species being replaced by mobile scavengers or predators and long-lived species being replaced by short-lived species. In the Mediterranean Sea, many commercial demersal populations are being overexploited, reducing the economic benefits of fisheries and the ecosystem services associated with cultural aspects of iconic species. […][ES] Los océanos proporcionan importantes servicios ecosistémicos, siendo el suministro de proteínas uno de los principales beneficios para la humanidad. La actividad pesquera del Mediterráneo constituye hoy en día casi la mitad de todas las pesquerías de la UE y el uso de métodos de pesca de alto impacto ha convertido a esta actividad en una de las principales impulsoras de la degradación de los ecosistemas de aguas profundas (Puig et al. 2012). El arte de pesca de arrastre provoca la eliminación de sedimentos y pone en peligro los recursos vivos demersales y sus ecosistemas, y las especies de epi-fauna frágiles son reemplazadas por especies carroñeras o depredadoras y las especies longevas son reemplazadas por especies de vida corta. En el mar Mediterráneo, muchas poblaciones de especies comerciales que habitan hábitats demersales están siendo sobreexplotadas, lo que reduce los beneficios económicos de la pesca y los servicios ecosistémicos asociados a los aspectos culturales de algunas especies consideradas icónicas. […][CAT] Els oceans proporcionen importants serveis ecosistèmics, i és el subministrament de proteïnes un dels principals beneficis per a la humanitat. L’activitat pesquera mil·lenària del Mediterrani constitueix avui en dia gairebé la meitat de totes les pesqueres de la UE i la utilització de mètodes de pesca d’alt impacte ha convertit aquesta activitat humana en un dels principals impulsors de la degradació dels ecosistemes, especialment en entorns bentònics (Puig et al. 2012). L’art de pesca d’arrossegament provoca l’eliminació de sediments i posa en perill els recursos vius demersals i els seus ecosistemes, i les espècies d’epi-fauna fràgils són substituïdes per carronyaires o depredadors mòbils i les espècies de llarga vida són substituïdes per espècies de vida curta. A la mar Mediterrània, moltes poblacions demersals comercials estan essent sobreexplotades, el que redueix per a les espècies icòniques, els beneficis econòmics de la pesca i els serveis ecosistèmics associats amb els aspectes culturals. […]Peer reviewe

Red de coordinación de la implantación del primer curso del grado en Tecnologías de la Información para la Salud

En este trabajo se ha intentado recoger las acciones que se han llevado a cabo en la coordinación de la implantación del primer curso del nuevo grado de Tecnologías de la Información para la Salud, grado con un marcado carácter multidisciplinar que condiciona la enseñanza de los contenidos. Entre estas acciones se han revisado las guías de cada asignatura participante en la red y se han realizado reuniones de seguimiento de la implantación de las asignaturas para detectar fortalezas y debilidades en el proceso docente. También se ha contado con la opinión de alumnos bien a través de encuestas bien directamente en conversaciones con los representantes del alumnado. Pretendemos que las conclusiones obtenidas tras el análisis de resultados se puedan aplicar el curso que viene y, de esta forma, avanzar en la implantación de la titulación con calidad y, especialmente, con el objetivo de formar egresados que satisfagan las necesidades de la sociedad

WORKING GROUP ON NEPHROPS SURVEYS (WGNEPS ; outputs from 2020)

The Working Group on Nephrops Surveys (WGNEPS) is the international coordination group for Nephrops underwater television and trawl surveys within ICES. This report summarizes the na-tional contributions on the results of the surveys conducted in 2020 together with time series covering all survey years, problems encountered, data quality checks and technological improve-ments as well as the planning for survey activities for 2021.ICE

A new approach to use marine robotic networks for ecosystem monitoring and management: The PLOME Project

4th Marine Imaging Workshop, 3-6 October 2022, Brest, FranceOur understanding of marine ecosystem functioning and processes relies on adequate spatio-temporal multiparametric monitoring procedures. Over the next 3 years, the Project PLOME (Platforms for Long-lasting Observation of Marine Ecosystems) will implement a spatially adaptive and autonomous network of easy-to-use benthic landers with dockable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)ñ This network will be used to intelligently video-monitor and map marine ecosystems and their environment from coastal to deep-sea areas. All platforms will be connected via acoustic or optical communication and will operate over periods of weeks to months with real-time supervision. Stations will provide continuous and intensive temporal observations, while dockable AUVs (with battery recharge and data downloading capability) will provide intensive measurements at various spatial scales, using intelligent and adaptive trajectories to explore surrounding areas. Biological, geochemical and oceanographic data will be generated by an array of sensors including acoustic receivers and cameras. Images will be processed in real-time for species classification and tracking, using advanced data analysis and Deep Learning techniques. Metadata will be communicated between landers and AUVs and transmitted opportunistically whenever an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) connects the platform via aerial communications (i.e. GSM and satellite communications, depending on form distance to shore). The unattended operation will also be possible with an innovation of pop-up buoys that will allow data transfer to the surface from landers and UAVs to be relayed once the pop-up buoys reach the surface. Complex ecological indicators for ecosystem management will be computed from the collected data, by applying advanced computer vision techniques to classify, count and size individuals in video images and to generate multimodal maps of the seabed. A pipeline for automated data treatment will be tailored for multiparametric analyses to derive cause-effect relationships between biological variables and the physical habitatsPeer reviewe

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

No-take fishery reserves for restoring overexploited deep-sea habitats: the case of the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Maria Vigo Fernández para obtener el título de Doctora en Ciencias del Mar por la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizada bajo la dirección del Dr. Joan Baptista Company Claret y el Dr. Joan Josep Navarro Bernabé del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC).-- 293 pages[EN] Oceans provide a wide range of benefits for the environment and human well being. Marine resources, in particular, are crucial sources of food for billions of people worldwide and contribute significantly to the global economy. In the Mediterranean Sea, considered a hotspot of marine biodiversity, fisheries have played a significant role as a traditional livelihood in many local communities for centuries. Fisheries provide employment and income for thousands of fishers and support local economies and region al trade. al trade. However, as with many other regions across the globe, the Mediterranean Sea faces numerous threats that affect marine biota and resources. [...][ES] Los océanos proporcionan innumerables beneficios tanto para el medio ambiente como para el bienestar humano. Concretamente, los recursos marinos son una fuente crucial de alimento para millones de personas en todo el mundo y contribuyen significativamente a la economía mundial. En el Mar Mediterráneo, considerado un punto caliente de biodiversidad marina, la pesca ejerce un rol importante definiendo el estilo de vida tradicional de muchas comunidades locales desde hace siglos. La pesca proporciona empleo e ingresos a miles de personas del sector pesquero, apoyando también a las economías locales y al comercio regional. Sin embargo, al igual que está ocurriendo en muchas otras regiones del mundo, el Mar Mediterráneo está sufriendo una presión importante que está afectando a la biota y a la disponibilidad de recursos marinos. [...][CAT] Els oceans proporcionen innumerables beneficis tan pel medi ambient com pel benestar humà. Concretament, els recursos marins són una font essencial d’aliment per milions de persones d'arreu del món, i contribueixen significativament a l’economia mundial. En el Mar Mediterrani, considerat un punt calent de biodiversitat marina, la pesca defineix l’estil de vida tradicional de moltes comunitats locals des de fa segles. La pesca ha proporcionant treball i ingressos a milers de persones del sector pesquer, recolzant també a les economies locals i al comerç regional. Tot i així, igual que està passant a altres indrets del món, el Mar Mediterrani està patint una pressió molt forta que està afectant a la seva biota i a la disponibilitat dels recursos marins. [...]The present thesis was conducted in the Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain) associated to the project s RESNEP (Marine no-take areas as a tool to recover iconic, CTM2017-82991-C2-1 R) and BITER (A joint effort between BIology and TEchnology to monitor and recover fishery impacted species and ecosystems by implementing a network of marine Reserves, PID2020-114732RB-C31) both financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. M. Vigo was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (FPU) from the Spanish Ministry of Universities FPU18/01775). The international stays were funded by the short stay FPU grants of the Spanish Ministry: the first stay took place at the University of California in Santa Barbara, California, EE.UU. ( EST21/00269 ); and the second stay was conducted at the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn in Palermo, Sicily, Italy (EST22/00440). This thesis acknowledges the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019 000928 S) to the ICM CSICPeer reviewe

Evaluation of the initial status of an overexploited area before its fishing closure: the case of the iconic fishery of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus; Linnaeus, 1758) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Trabajo final presentado por Maria Vigo Fernandez para el Máster en Oceanografía y Gestión del Medio Marino de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), realizado bajo la dirección del Dr. Joan Navarro, el Dr. Joan Baptista Company y la Dra. Marta Carretón del Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC) y de la Dra. Ana Sotomayor García.-- 36 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, supplementary informationAn overexploited area located in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea has been established as a no-take marine area (reserve) to recover one of the most important fishing resources in the Mediterranean Sea, the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Prior to its closure, in October 2017 within the framework of the project RESNEP from the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICMCSIC), two experimental trawl surveys were performed in the reserve and in an adjacent fished area (control area) to analyse and compare the initial fish stock conditions. The biomass and diversity of demersal communities did not show significant differences between the reserve and the control area. The population of N. norvegicus differed significantly in terms of its abundance and biomass between areas and surveys, although biological parameters of this overexploited crustacean such as the distribution of sizes and sex-ratio did not differ between the reserve and the control. The results of this study have provided us with the information of the initial conditions of the reserve and enabled us to perform, in the future, a BACI (Before After Control Impact) study design to assess the impact of the marine reserve establishment in this overexploited area over tim

La importancia de las reservas marinas para las cigalas

Un nuevo estudio liderado por el Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ha comprobado la eficacia de una pequeña reserva marina que abarca los caladeros Roses y Palamós (Girona) al incrementarse notablemente y en un tiempo mucho menor del esperado la población de cigala capturada de forma intensiva durante muchos años en la zona. Hablamos con María Vigo, autora principal del estudio y Joan Navarro, investigador del proyecto Resnep donde se enmarca este trabajoPeer reviewe

Identifying potential predators of the apple snail in the most important invasion area of Europe

13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04996-5.-- Data availability: The isotopic values generated from this study are available on request from the corresponding authorThe only wetland in Europe colonized successfully by the apple snail Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810, is the Ebro Delta (Spain). After 10 years, it has become widespread there, despite significant eradication attempts. In spite of its great negative ecological and economic impacts, its incorporation into food webs can result in an abundant potential resource for native and exotic predators. We identified the potential predators, including fishes, amphibians, crustaceans, birds, turtles and mammals in natural conditions using stable isotopic analyses (δ13C and δ15N). Six predator species, three native (two birds and one frog) and three invasive (one crustacean, one turtle and one mammal), were confirmed to consume apple snails. None of the 10 fish species analyzed consumed apple snails, although some have been previously observed consuming this snail under laboratory conditions. This study emphasizes the need to assess the consumption of apple snail, as well as other invasive organisms, by potential predators in natural conditions to confirm the establishment of new trophic relationships and to understand whether these potential predators actually act as biological control agents in natureThis work was funded by SEO/BirdLife and Forestal Catalana. JN was supported by Spanish National Program Ramón y Cajal (RYC-2015-17809). MV was supported by a predoctoral fellowship of the FPU program of the Spanish Government (FPU18/01775)With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe

Operational Fisheries Oceanography

Conferencia para la asignatura Recursos Marins vius, renovables i no renovables de la titulación de Ciències i Tecnologies del Mar de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC