Crowding out the freight handling of the city centers during economic boost

Norwegian cities are small in a European context. But even in these medium sized cities one finds that the crowding out process during economic growth works out the way economic theory prescribes. In years where there is high economic growth the land rent tends to increase. This should suffice that the high value industries will have a higher demand for offices and activities close to the city centre. More labor is needed in the city both by the public and the private sector. But the new employment will be pushed out to the outskirts of the city. As the rent increases the shops selling cheap goods tend to be established outside the city centre as the rent for land increase. Freight transport activities serve the shopping malls and the wholesalers in the outskirts of the city. Freight activities become less frequent in the city centre during a boom. Does one find economic empirical data to support this? We have divided the three biggest cities in Norway (Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim) in one central part and one part for the rest of the city. We have looked at employment data for years from 2002 to 2007 for the parts of the cities. In Norway there was a slump in the economy in the beginning of decennium up to 2003. The following years (2004 - 2007) there were a boom in the Norwegian mainland economy. In this paper we have investigated the localization pattern of industries in the three cities. We have looked at which industries are the best survivors during the period of high economic growth in the cities. According to economic theory it is supposed that activities that need more space (as supermarkets and warehouses) will be forced out, but real estate agents and other business services will survive in the spatial competition in the center of the city. Our employment data for the three cities supports the theory. Industries with lower wages per employed are crowded out of the centre during the boom while the service sectors are moving in

City logistics – how to create an OD matrix for goods transports within the city of Oslo?

In this paper we will examine the advantages of using existing trade statistics to construct an OD matrix for freight transport for a city area. The OD matrix is constructed by examining how a wholesaler relate to the retailer industries. If this work is successful it will improve the quality of data quite substantially for city models. The result from use of such information may give more accurate results and have the potential for improving the planning of a city area. The outline of this paper will first be a stepwise recipe for constructing the OD –matrix and finally discuss some of the assumptions we have done in order to arrive to the result of construction of a matrix. We will finally discuss how robust is this method compared to survey data

Jysk trikotage fra Æ Bindstouw til storindustri.

Artiklen omhandler rødderne til tekstilerhvervet i Midtjylland. Kop- og kvægskattemandtal fra 1600-tallet og indberetninger fra 1735 peger på et vist fårehold og en produktion af uld, men først med greve F.L. Moltkes indberetning fra 1758 tillægges hosebinderiet (strikning af strømper) større betydning, nu stærkt koncentreret til Hammerum Herred og nogle naboherreder. I 1801 angives hosebinderi som hovederhverv for 350 husstande især i Hammerum, Middelsom og Lysgård herred. Hertil siges det, at det var et vigtigt bierhverv for langt flere. Analyser for første halvdel af 1800-tallet viser, at binderiet havde et klart centrum på egnen omkring Herning, mens fåreholdet fandtes over et langt større område. Udviklingen af Gjelleruplund marked anses for vigtig for skabelsen af koncentrationen på egnen deromkring

SheppHeartCABG trial-comprehensive early rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting:a protocol for a randomised clinical trial

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery often experience a range of symptoms. Studies indicate that non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise training and psychoeducation have a positive physiological and psychological effect in early outpatient rehabilitation. The SheppHeartCABG trial will investigate the effect of early comprehensive rehabilitation in early phase rehabilitation versus usual care. The aim of this paper is to present the protocol for the SheppHeartCABG trial. METHODS/ANALYSIS: SheppHeartCABG is an investigator-initiated randomised clinical superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment, employing 1:1 central randomisation to rehabilitation plus usual care versus usual care alone. On the basis of a sample size calculation, 326 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting will be included from two clinical sites. All patients receive usual care and patients allocated to the experimental intervention follow 4 weeks rehabilitation consisting of an exercise programme, psycho-educative consultations and a compact mindfulness programme. The primary outcome is physical function measured by the 6-min walk test. The secondary outcomes are mental health and physical activity measured by the Medical Outcome Study Short Form (SF-12), anxiety and depression measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire, physical, emotional and global scores by the HeartQoL questionnaire, sleep measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, pain measured by the Örebro Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire and muscle endurance measured by the sit-to-stand test. A number of explorative analyses will also be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: SheppHeartCABG is approved by the regional ethics committee (no. H-4-2014-109) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (no. 30-1309) and is performed in accordance with good clinical practice and the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest form. Positive, neutral and negative results of the trial will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals. Furthermore, results will be presented at national and international conferences relevant to the subject fields. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02290262; pre-results