Experience in Using Mobile Laboratory for Monitoring and Diagnostics in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

The aim was to present the experience of using mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics (MLMD) during the epizootiological monitoring of the northern provinces of Vietnam. MLMD was transferred by Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as part of implementation of cooperation programs on combating infectious diseases. The use of MLMD made it possible to obtain new information on the circulation of pathogens of natural-focal infectious diseases on the territory of Vietnam. It also provided the necessary conditions for conducting research using methods of express diagnostics, bacteriological analysis, performing a full cycle of work – from the receipt of samples to the disinfection and destruction of infected material in compliance with the requirements of biological safety in the field. The effectiveness of using mobile laboratories in response to the emergencies of sanitary and epidemiological nature, both to strengthen stationary laboratory bases and to organize diagnostic studies in remote regions, has been shown. The use of MLMD for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 has been an effective component of countering the new coronavirus infection in Vietnam and significantly increased the volume of testing in the country

Highly Porous Hydroxyapatite/Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Beads as an Efficient Adsorbent for Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions Removal

Dye and heavy metal contaminants are mainly aquatic pollutants. Although many materials and methods have been developed to remove these pollutants from water, effective and cheap materials and methods are still challenging. In this study, highly porous hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide/chitosan beads (HGC) were prepared by a facile one-step method and investigated as efficient adsorbents. The prepared beads showed a high porosity and low bulk density. SEM images indicated that the hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were well dispersed on the CTS matrix. FT-IR spectra confirmed good incorporation of the three components. The adsorption behavior of the obtained beads to methylene blue (MB) and copper ions was investigated, including the effect of the contact time, pH medium, dye/metal ion initial concentration, and recycle ability. The HGC beads showed rapid adsorption, high capacity, and easy separation and reused due to the porous characteristics of GO sheets and HA nanoparticles as well as the rich negative charges of the chitosan (CTS) matrix. The maximum sorption capacities of the HGC beads were 99.00 and 256.41 mg g−1 for MB and copper ions removal, respectively

Controlling of Conductivity and Morphological Properties of Hole-Transport Layer Using Ionic Liquid for Vacuum-Free Planar Hybrid Solar Cells

In this study, an acidic (A) and pH-neutral (pHN) solution using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole-transport layer (HTL) was modified using a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM+Cl−) ionic liquid (IL). The effects of this ionic liquid on the conductivity and morphological properties of the PEDOT:PSS films were investigated. The conductivity and morphological properties of the PEDOT: PSS films before and after adding IL were measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. The conductivity of the A-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was decreased, while the conductivity of the pHN-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was increased. The surface morphology of the A-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was slightly decreased, while the conductivity of the pHN-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was slightly increased. The vacuum-free planar hybrid solar cells (VFPHSCs) using the pHN-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid show a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the VFPHSCs using the A-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid. We also report that a solar cell with a structure of ITO/pHN-PEDOT:PSS/PTB7:PCBM/PEO/EGaIn has a maximum PCE of about ~5%

Surfactant-enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation of Pentachlorophenol from Soil

五氯酚為疏水性有機污染物，早期主要使用於木材防腐及農業用殺蟲劑，造成污染來源主要來自工廠製造、搬運過程中外洩流入土壤中，這些含氯有機污染物容易被土壤有機質所吸附而形成長期性污染。 本研究以陰離子界面活性劑為操作液，所選用的界面活性劑是十二烷基苯磺酸鈉 (SDBS)，利用SDBS可以增加疏水性有機污染物溶解度的特性，提昇電動力復育五氯酚污染之高嶺土。處理過程中，探討操作液置放陽極槽或陰極槽對移除土壤中五氯酚之影響，並觀察系統電流變化、操作液pH值、電滲透流及污染物濃度。 實驗結果顯示，SDBS在不同pH下都可使五氯酚增加溶解度，且對於含五氯酚之土壤，SDBS濃度在大於1000 mg/L開始逐漸提高脫附效率，有效去除土壤中五氯酚。在電動力系統中，以SDBS作為陽極槽操作液時，由於電流量不高而無法以電滲透流將土壤中五氯酚帶至陰極槽移除；而以SDBS作為陰極槽操作液時，大量的SDBS會往陽極移動，使遷移至靠近陽極端土壤累積的五氯酚會與SDBS形成微胞，再溶於水中移動至陽極槽而去除，在電壓為3 V/cm、操作時間為10天時，操作液SDBS (6000 mg/L SDBS/0.005 M NaCl)置放陰極槽，其五氯酚移除率有23.37%。Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a highly chlorinated organic compound that has been extensively used as a pesticide, particularly in the wood preservation industry. Due to its stable aromatic ring structure and high chlorine content, PCP is persistent in the environment, and it has become one of the most widespread contaminants in soil and water. The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of PCP from the kaolinite using electrokinetic method in the presence of surfactants. An anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used to enhance the solubility of PCP. It was found that the removal of PCP was limited in the electrokinetic remediation when SDBS was used as the anodic electrolyte solution. This was attributed to that PCP transport toward the anode overcame the opposite electrosmotic flows. On the other hand, using SDBS as the cathodic electrolyte solution removed 23.37% of PCP from kaolinite. This was attributed to PCP transport toward the anode within the negatively charged micelles.中文摘要 I Abstract II 目錄 III 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究源起 1 1-2 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2-1 土壤污染之來源 3 2-2 氯酚化合物之物化特性 3 2-3 五氯酚 4 2-3-1 五氯酚對人體之影響 6 2-3-2 國內外五氯酚污染現況 7 2-3-3 五氯酚相關法規 9 2-4 界面活性劑 11 2-4-1 界面活性劑之物化特性 11 2-4-2 界面活性劑於土壤表面吸附作用 12 2-4-4 界面活性劑之影響因子 13 2-4-5 界面活性劑的用途與功能 14 2-4-6 界面活性劑的種類 16 2-4-7 十二烷基苯磺酸鈉 18 2-5 電動力整治技術之介紹 20 2-5-1 電動力整治之優點 20 2-5-2 電動力法之原理及去除機制 21 2-5-3 電動力法之極化現象 24 2-5-4 電動力法之影響因子 25 2-6 電動力處理汙染物之相關文獻 28 2-6-1 電動力處理重金屬相關研究 28 2-6-2 電動力處理有機物相關研究 29 第三章 實驗材料與方法 33 3-1 實驗設備與材料 33 3-1-1 土樣前處理 33 3-1-2 電動力模場裝置 33 3-1-3 實驗藥品材料 36 3-1-4 實驗儀器 36 3-1-5 實驗架構 37 3-2 土壤基本性質分析 39 3-2-1 土壤水分含量測定方法－重量法 39 3-2-2 土壤酸鹼值測定 39 3-2-3 陽離子交換容量 39 3-2-4 有機質含量 40 3-3 土壤吸附相關試驗 41 3-3-1 不同操作時間土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 41 3-3-2 不同操作時間土壤吸附SDBS之探討 41 3-3-3 不同pH值下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 41 3-3-4 不同pH值下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 41 3-3-5 不同溫度下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 42 3-3-6 不同溫度下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 42 3-4 界面活性劑其他相關試驗 42 3-4-1 不同SDBS濃度與五氯酚增溶效果之探討 42 3-4-2 SDBS脫附固相中五氯酚之探討 42 3-4-3 SDBS在電動力系統傳輸之探討 43 3-4-4 高嶺土於SDBS溶液中沉降性之探討 43 3-4-5 含SDBS之高嶺土zeta電位 43 3-5 電動力實驗 44 3-6 實驗分析方法 45 3-6-1 界面活性劑分析方法 45 3-6-2 五氯酚分析方法 45 3-7 質量平衡 46 第四章 結果與討論 47 4-1 土壤基本性質分析 47 4-2 土壤吸附試驗 48 4-2-1 不同操作時間土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 48 4-2-2 不同操作時間土壤吸附SDBS之探討 48 4-2-3 不同pH值下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 50 4-2-4 不同pH值下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 50 4-2-5 不同溫度下土壤吸附五氯酚之探討 52 4-2-6 不同溫度下土壤吸附SDBS之探討 52 4-3 界面活性劑其他相關試驗 54 4-3-1 不同SDBS濃度與五氯酚增溶效果之探討 54 4-3-2 SDBS脫附固相中五氯酚之探討 56 4-3-3 SDBS在電動力系統傳輸之探討 57 4-4 對照組實驗 59 4-4-1 電極室操作液pH值變化 59 4-4-2 電流與電滲透流變化 59 4-4-3 土壤之pH值變化 61 4-4-4 去除效果 61 4-5 SDBS置於陽極室-電動力處理受五氯酚污染土壤 64 4-5-1 電極室操作液pH值變化 64 4-4-2 電流與電滲透流變化 66 4-4-3 高嶺土於SDBS溶液中沉降性之探討 70 4-4-4 土壤之pH值變化 73 4-4-5 去除效果 73 4-5 SDBS置於陰極室-電動力處理受五氯酚污染土壤 77 4-5-1 電極室操作液pH值變化 77 4-5-2 電流變化 79 4-5-3 土壤之pH值變化 81 4-5-4 去除效果 81 4-5-5 不同操作時間去除效果 85 4-6 質量平衡分析 88 4-7 污染物分佈探討 91 4-8 其他處理技術 92 第五章 結論與建議 93 5-1 結論 93 5-2 建議 94 參考文獻 95 英文部分 95 中文部分 100 附錄 102 附錄 1-1 102 附錄 1-2 103 附錄 1-3 104 附錄 1-4 10

Tuning the magnetic phase transition and the magnetocaloric properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 compounds through Sm-doping

In this work, we point out that the width and the nature of the magnetic phase transition, TC value, and as well as magnetocaloric effect in La0.7-xSmxCa0.3MnO3 compounds can be easily modified through Sm-doped into La-site. With an increasing Sm concentration, a systematic decrease in the magnetization, TC, and magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) are observed. The Arrott-plot proveds that the samples with x = 0 and 0.1 undergoing a first-order phase transition. Meanwhile, sample x = 0.2 undergoes a second-order phase transition, which exhibits a high value of the relative cooling power (81.5 J/kg at ΔH = 10 kOe). An analysis of the critical behavior based on the modified Arrott plots method has been done for sample x = 0.2. The results proved a coexistence of the long- and short-range interactions in La0.5Sm0.2Ca0.3MnO3 compound

Correlation between plasma and DBS viral load measurements.

<p>The dashed line represents the threshold of 3 log copies/mL defining virological failure. The solid line represents the line of slope 1 displaying perfect concordance. Correlation: 0.95 (p<0.001).</p

Bland-Altman analysis to evaluate concordance between plasma and DBS viral load measurements.

<p>The solid line is the mean difference between plasma and DBS viral load measurements and the dashed line is 95% confidence interval of the difference.</p

Sensitivity and specificity of viral load measurements on DBS compared to plasma at the threshold of 1000 copies/mL.

<p>Sensitivity and specificity of viral load measurements on DBS compared to plasma at the threshold of 1000 copies/mL.</p

Distribution of plasma and DBS VL measurements.

<p>Distribution of plasma and DBS VL measurements.</p