15,223 research outputs found
Fractal analysis of weld defect patterns obtained by radiographic tests
This paper presents a fractal analysis of radiographic patterns obtained from
specimens with three types of inserted welding defects: lack of fusion, lack of
penetration, and porosity. The study focused on patterns of carbon steel beads
from radiographs of the International Institute of Welding (IIW). The
radiographs were scanned using a greyscale with 256 levels, and the fractal
features of the surfaces constructed from the radiographic images were
characterized by means of Hurst, detrended-fluctuation, and minimal-cover
analyses. A Karhunen-Loeve transformation was then used to classify the curves
obtained from the fractal analyses of the various images, and a study of the
classification errors was performed. The obtained results indicate that fractal
analyses can be an effective additional tool for pattern recognition of weld
defects in radiographic tests.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. To appear AIP Conference Proceedings - QNDE 200
Modelling radiation emission in the transition from the classical to the quantum regime
An emissivity formula is derived using the generalised
Fermi-Weizacker-Williams method of virtual photons which accounts for the
recoil the charged particle experiences as it emits radiation. It is found that
through this derivation the formula obtained by Sokolov et al using QED
perturbation theory is recovered. The corrected emissivity formula is applied
to nonlinear Thomson scattering scenarios in the transition from the classical
to the quantum regime, for small values of the nonlinear quantum parameter
\chi. Good agreement is found between this method and a QED probabilistic
approach for scenarios where both are valid. In addition, signatures of the
quantum corrections are identified and explored.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted for publicatio
Optimization conditions of UV-C radiation combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lycopene extract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of UV-C radiation on ultrasound assisted extraction
(UAE) of cherry tomato bioactive compounds. Cherry tomatoes were exposed to two UV-C radiation
doses (0.5 and 1.0 J cm−2
) and stored at 20 ± 0.5 oC for 7 days. Next, they were lyophilized, and
the bioactive compounds were extracted by UAE at 20 KHz. To evaluate the effectiveness of the
extraction process of the bioactive compounds, a CCRD (central composite rotational design) was
used together with RSM (response surface methodology), for extraction times from 4 to 12 minutes
and concentrations (g of lyophilized product / L of ethanol) of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30. The extracts
obtained from the irradiated tomatoes presented 5.8 times more lycopene content than the controls
and higher antioxidant activity was obtained for 4 and 8 min, in the concentrations 1:10 and 1:20 (m
v−1). Through numerical model optimization, optimal extraction conditions were obtained. The results
demonstrated that by previously irradiating tomatoes with UV-C light, the UAE yielded considerably
higher amounts of lycopene and other bioactives.CNPq (National Council of Technological and Scientific
Development, Brazil), Erasmus Mundus action 2; Fellow
Mundus Project; Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
(UFSC - Brazil) and the Department of Food Engineering (UAlg - Portugal) .info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparison of the Spherical Averaged Pseudopotential Model with the Stabilized Jellium Model
We compare Kohn-Sham results (density, cohesive energy, size and effect of
charging) of the Spherical Averaged Pseudopotential Model with the Stabilized
Jellium Model for clusters of sodium and aluminum with less than 20 atoms. We
find that the Stabilized Jellium Model, although conceptually and practically
more simple, gives better results for the cohesive energy and the elastic
stiffness. We use the Local Density Approximation as well as the Generalized
Gradient Approximation to the exchange and correlation energies.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 8 figures, compressed postscript version available
at http://www.fis.uc.pt/~vieir
Avaliação econômica de um sistema agroflorestal para conexão de fragmentos da mata atlântica .
Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar uma avaliação econômica de um corredor agroflorestal implantado em fevereiro de 2005 na Fazendinha Agroecológica do km 47, Seropédica – RJ. Foram plantadas espécies de ciclo curto, como o aipim, banana, cana e abacaxi e 25 espécies florestais. As culturas agrícolas anuais foram avaliadas utilizando-se os critérios financeiros de avaliação de projetos: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e Razão Benefício/Custo (RB/C). O custo total acumulado após três anos de implantação chegou a R 6.000,00/ha, foi suficiente para pagar cerca de 38% desses custos. O cultivo da mandioca foi o mais rentável, sendo responsável por 65% da receita gerada. As culturas de aipim e cana apresentaram VPL positivo de R 144,33, respectivamente, indicando que a produção foi suficiente para pagar os custos de implantação e gerar excedentes. O abacaxi apresentou VPL negativo de R 6,80 de retorno. Para a cultura da cana, chegou-se a relação B/C de 1,27. Para o abacaxi a relação foi de 0,22. A relação benefício/custo total do sistema foi de 0,35. Embora o rendimento gerado durante os dois primeiros anos tenha sido significativo, este ainda não foi suficiente para pagar todos os custos de implantação, sendo recomendada a introdução de novas culturas de ciclo curto ou frutíferas para incrementar a geração de renda ano a ano.bitstream/item/42957/1/BOP-60.pd
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