The effect of cover crop and crop rotation on soil water storage and on sorghum yield

Rotação de cultura e cultura de cobertura constituem importantes meios para melhoria do rendimento de culturas em áreas de sequeiro como a região "Coastal Bend" do Estado do Texas. Um ensaio foi conduzido em 1995, como parte de um experimento de longa duração (7 anos), com o objetivo de investigar o efeito da aveia (Avena sativa L.) como cultura de cobertura, e da rotação de cultura, no armazenamento da água do solo e no rendimento do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As rotações foram alocadas nas parcelas, e a cultura de cobertura, nas subparcelas. A cultura de cobertura reduziu o rendimento do sorgo. Este efeito foi atribuído à reduzida concentração de N disponível do solo. Por atraso no extermínio e incorporação da aveia, seu resíduo, com elevada relação C/N, atuou como dreno, pela imobilização, em lugar de ser fonte de N para o sorgo. As rotações sorgo/algodão e sorgo/soja proporcionaram efeito positivo no rendimento de sorgo. Este efeito foi atribuído à maior concentração de N nestas seqüências.Crop rotation and cover crop can be important means for enhancing crop yield in rainfed areas such as the lower Coastal Bend Region of Texas, USA. A trial was conducted in 1995 as part of a long-term cropping experiment (7 years) to investigate the effect of oat (Avena sativa L.) cover and rotation on soil water storage and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The trial design was a RCB in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Rotation sequences were the main plots and oat cover crop the subplots. Cover crop reduced sorghum grain yield. This effect was attributed to a reduced concentration of available soil N and less soil water storage under this treatment. By delaying cover termination, the residue with a high C/N acted as an N sink through competition and/or immobilization instead of an N source to sorghum plants. Crop rotation had a significantly positive effect on sorghum yield and this effect was attributed to a significantly larger amount of N concentration under these rotation sequences

Observations on the architecture and shedding of upland cotton selected for drought tolerance

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a linhagem CNPA 78 SME4 de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch.), originada da cv. Acata del Cerro, quanto às estruturas reprodutivas, arquitetura e desprendimento (shedding). O estudo foi realizado em condições de campo, em Campina Grande, PB. Nas plantas amostradas foram feitas anotações, da emergência à colheita, quanto ao comportamento dos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos, bem como do desprendimento de botões, flores e frutos. Ficou, assim, evidenciado que a participação dos ramos frutíferos na produção total foi de 86,7% e a dos ramos vegetativos, de 12,5%. A perda de botão floral ocorreu até o décimo segundo dia do seu aparecimento, sendo, entretanto, maior nos ramos vegetativos que nos frutíferos. Observou-se que os frutos podem cair até o décimo terceiro dia após a fecundação das flores. A queda (shedding) dos frutos, tomada em percentagem do número de flores formadas, foi semelhante quando se considerou a sua ocorrência nos ramos frutíferos e vegetativos sendo de 57 a 62%.The objective of this study was to characterize the line CNPA 78 SME4 of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch.) which originated from a mass selection of the cultivar Acala del Cerro - in regard to its reproductive structure, plant architecture and shedding. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Observations were made from the time of plant emergence to harvest and records were taken on the vegetative and reproductive organs as well as the shedding of squares, flowers and young bolls. it was established that all the fruiting forms of the fruiting branches was correlated to total plant yield was 86.7% while that on the vegetative branches was 12.5%. The shedding of squares occurred until the twelveth day after initiation and was higher on the vegetative branches than on the fruiting branches. It was also observed that shedding occurred until the thirteenth day after flower pollination. The shedding of young bolls, which was related to the number of flowers, was similar on fruiting and vegetative branches being 57% on the former and 62% on the latter

Controle do tombamento das plântulas do algodoeiro, através do tratamento de sementes com fungicidas sistêmicos

The control of the cotton seedling damping-off by fungicides Benlate, Captan, Vitavax, Cycosin and Plantvax were studied alone and in combinations, under greenhouse conditions. Plantvax and Benlate when alone and dissolved in water, gave the best control against pre and post-emergence damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides. Other fungicides that gave control of R. solani were Vitavax + Benlate, while Benlate + Cycosin and Cycosin + Vitavax gave effective control of C. gossypil. The combination of Cycosin + Vitavax gave the most effective control of damping-off caused by a complex of the two fungi. Benlate and Cycosin applied as powder gave the most efficient control of damping-off caused by R. solani, when the soil was infested with a mixture of the two fungi. The fungicides Benlate + Captan and Cycosin + Captan were the most efficient in the control of damping-off caused by R. solani and by association of the two fungi, respectively. The results showed that fungicides applied as powder are more efficient in the control of damping-off than when dissolved in water.O controle do tombamento do algodoeiro, através dos fungicidas Benlate, Captan, Vitavax, Cycosin e Plantvax isolados e combinados, foi estudado em casa de vegetação. O Plantvax e o Benlate, dissolvidos em água e aplicados isoladamente, controlaram mais eficientemente o tombamento de pré e pós-emergência causado por Rhizoctonia solani e Colletotrichum gossypii var. Cephalosporioides. Os fungicidas Vitavax + Benlate controlaram melhor o tombamento causado por R. solani, enquanto que Benlate + Cycosin e Cycosin + Vitavax foram mais eficazes no controle de C. gossypii. A combinação Cycosin + Vitavax foi mais eficiente no controle do tombamento causado pela mistura dos dois fungos. Benlate e Cycosin, aplicados em pó, proporcionaram controle, mais eficaz do tombamento causado por R. solani e em solo infestado com a mistura dos dois fungos, respectivamente. Os fungicidas Benlate + Cycosin e Cycosin + Captan foram mais eficientes, respectivamente, no controle do tombamento causado por R. solani e pela associação dos dois fungos. Os resultados evidenciaram que os fungicidas aplicados em pó foram mais eficazes no controle do tombamento do que os dissolvidos em água

Macroscopic Anatomy, Histopathology, and Image Diagnosis of Joints and Synovial Cartilages

Joints are physiological connections formed by the association of two or more bones that confer mobility to the skeleton of vertebrates. Composed of several structures, these are often related to pathologies of varied origins, which determine symptomatology of varying degrees of intensity and impairment, responsible for the decrease in life expectancy and the well-being of affected populations. Most of the time, the treatment for these diseases is only symptomatic, aiming at the relief of pain and the return of the patient to daily activities. Thus, there has been an increasing interest in the search for new knowledge about the mechanisms that lead to joint disorders and effective therapeutic resources that may contribute to the fight against pain and to the definitive treatment of joint dysfunctions. To this aim, the knowledge of diagnostic methods, especially imaging methods, is of fundamental importance for the recognition of articular affections, enabling a targeted and effective treatment. Among these auxiliary exams currently used to evaluate the joints, the noninvasive ones are the first choice, where radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, and arthroscopy are inserted

Relação da vigorexia com o uso de esteroides anabolizantes em praticantes de treinamento de força

Introduction: The use of androgenetic anabolic steroids (AAS) has been reported as present in several sports modalities, associated with their use is the occurrence of autoimaging disorders. Vigorexia is one of these most commonly seen disorders. Objectives: To correlate vigorexia with the use of anabolic steroids in strength training practitioners (TP) within Sports Training Centers (CTE). Materials and Methods: a cross - sectional, quantitative, descriptive survey was carried out between October 2017 and June 2018 in two CTE, located in the peripheral zone of the city and in the noble zone. Composed of 40 volunteers, 20 of the peripheral zone (ZP) and 20 of the noble zone (ZN), classified as vigoréxicos, according to the Adonis Complex Questionnaire. The volunteers also completed a questionnaire with questions related to the use of anabolic steroids. For the comparison of the data, the Student's t-test was used for independent samples, and for the association between the qualitative data, the Chi-Square test was used. Results: ZN and ZP participants were aged 28.7 ± 4.77 years) and (32.42 ± 6.03 years) respectively (p = 0.03). A higher percentage of AAS use was observed in ZN (80%) when compared to ZP (45%) (p = 0.08). The most commonly used AAS were Durateston® (84%), Winstrol® (80%) and Deca Durabolin (44%). In both groups, the main factor for the use of steroids was aesthetics (p <0.05). As for medical follow-up during the use of AAS, there was no association between the groups, ie, regardless of social class, the demand was the same (p <0.05). Regarding medical follow-up for disease prevention, 100% of the participants in both groups did not do this type of procedure. Conclusion: Strength training practitioners with noble zone vigorexia use proportionally more anabolic steroids than those in the peripheral zone; There is a difference in the motivation of steroid use between the two groups; The most used steroids are Durateston®, stanazolol and Deca Durabolim®, with the main purpose related to esthetics.Introdução: O uso de esteroides anabólicos andrógenos (EAA) tem sido relatado como presente em diversas modalidades esportivas, associado ao uso deles está a ocorrência de distúrbios de autoimagem. A vigorexia é um desses distúrbios mais comumente verificados.  Objetivos: Relacionar a vigorexia com o uso de esteroides anabolizantes em praticantes de treinamento de força (TF) dentro de Centros de Treinamento Esportivo (CTE). Materiais e Métodos: pesquisa tipo transversal, quantitativa com abordagem descritiva, realizada no período de outubro de 2017 a junho de 2018 em dois CTE, localizada na zona periférica da cidade e na zona nobre.  Composta por 40 voluntários, 20 da zona periférica (ZP) e 20 da zona nobre (ZN), classificados como vigoréxicos, de acordo com o Questionário de Complexo de Adônis. Os voluntários também preencheram um questionário com perguntas relacionadas ao uso de esteroides anabolizantes. Para a comparação dos dados foi utilizado o teste T de Student para amostras independentes, já para associação entre os dados qualitativos foi utilizado o teste de Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Os participantes de ZN e ZP a tinham idade de (28,7 ± 4,77 anos) e (32,42 ± 6,03 anos) respectivamente (p=0,03). Foi verificado um maior percentual de uso de EAAs em ZN (80%), quando comparado com ZP (45%) (p=0,08). Os EAAs mais utilizados percentualmente foram, Durateston®(84%), Winstrol® (80%) e Deca Durabolin(44%). Em ambos grupos o fator principal para o uso de esteroides foi a estética (p<0,05). Já para o acompanhamento médico durante a utilização de EAAs não houve associação entre os grupos, ou seja, independente da classe social a procura foi a mesma (p<0,05). Sobre o acompanhamento médico para prevenção de doenças, 100% dos participantes de ambos grupos não faziam este tipo de procedimento. Conclusão: Praticantes de treinamento de força com vigorexia da zona nobre utilizam proporcionalmente mais esteroides anabolizantes do que os da zona periférica; existe diferença distribuição na motivação do uso de esteroides entre os dois grupos; Os esteroides mais utilizados são Durateston®, stanazolol e Deca Durabolim®, com a finalidade principal relacionada a estética

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection