A Imigração em Tempos de COVID-19

A questão dos migrantes e refugiados transcorre por organizações a nível global como a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) assim como também a OMS (Organização das Nações Unidas). Por se tratarem de grupos de pessoas que convivem em situação de constante insegurança, com a chegada da pandemia do vírus SARS-CoV-2 a atenção sobre o impacto na vida dessas pessoas que, anterior a pandemia já conviviam em situações precárias e até sub-humanas, recai grandemente tendo em vista as consequências trazidas por esse novo vírus, tanto em questões sanitárias, quanto em questões econômicas.  Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do panorama de imigração diante da perspectiva internacional, a partir da covid-19, perpassando brevemente sobre questões de gênero. Adota-se também o termo “migrante” em diversas passagens do texto por se tratar de um termo correto, segundo a ACNUR (2015). Ademais, analisa-se também o cenário anterior e pós pandemia no Brasil no que tange a situação dos  migrantes e refugiados, tanto na questão dos fluxos migratórios, quanto do mercado de trabalho.El tema de los migrantes y refugiados lo llevan a cabo organizaciones a nivel global como la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) así como la OMS (Naciones Unidas). Al tratarse de grupos de personas que viven en una situación de inseguridad constante, con la llegada de la pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2, se llama la atención sobre el impacto en la vida de aquellas personas que, antes de la pandemia, ya vivían en seres precarios e incluso infrahumanos, cae de forma importante ante las consecuencias que trae este nuevo virus, tanto en cuestiones sanitarias como económicas. Este trabajo presenta un análisis del panorama migratorio desde la perspectiva internacional, a partir del covid-19, pasando brevemente por cuestiones de género. El término “migrante” también se adopta en varios pasajes del texto porque es un término correcto, según ACNUR (2015). Además, también analiza el escenario antes y después de la pandemia en Brasil en cuanto a la situación de los migrantes y refugiados, tanto en términos de flujos migratorios como del mercado laboral.La question des migrants et des réfugiés est portée par des organisations au niveau mondial telles que les Nations Unies (ONU) ainsi que l'OMS (Nations Unies). S'agissant de groupes de personnes vivant dans une situation d'insécurité constante, avec l'arrivée de la pandémie du virus SARS-CoV-2, l'attention est attirée sur l'impact sur la vie de ces personnes qui, avant la pandémie, vivaient déjà dans des êtres précaires voire sous-humains, tombe lourdement au vu des conséquences apportées par ce nouveau virus, tant sur le plan sanitaire que sur le plan économique. Cet ouvrage présente une analyse du panorama de l'immigration dans une perspective internationale, à partir de covid-19, en passant brièvement sur les questions de genre. Le terme « migrant » est également adopté dans plusieurs passages du texte car il s'agit d'un terme correct, selon UNHCR (2015). En outre, il analyse également le scénario avant et après la pandémie au Brésil concernant la situation des migrants et des réfugiés, tant en termes de flux migratoires que de marché du travail.The issue of migrants and refugees is carried out by organizations at a global level such as the United Nations (UN) as well as the WHO (World Health Organization). As they are groups of people who live in a situation of constant insecurity, with the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, attention is drawn to the impact on the lives of those people who, prior to the pandemic, already lived in precarious and even sub- human beings, falls heavily in view of the consequences brought by this new virus, both in health issues and in economic issues. This work presents an analysis of the immigration panorama from the international perspective, starting from covid-19, passing briefly on gender issues. The term “migrant” is also adopted in several passages of the text because it is a correct term, according to UNHCR (2015). Furthermore, it also analyzes the scenario before and after the pandemic in Brazil regarding the situation of migrants and refugees, both in terms of migratory flows and the labor market

Development of composite scaffolds based on cerium doped-hydroxyapatite and natural gums-biological and mechanical properties

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a ceramic material composing the inorganic portion of bones. Ionic substitutions enhance characteristics of HAp, for example, calcium ions (Ca2+) by cerium ions (Ce3+). The use of HAp is potentialized through biopolymers, cashew gum (CG), and gellan gum (GG), since CG/GG is structuring agents in the modeling of structured biocomposites, scaffolds. Ce-HApCG biocomposite was synthesized using a chemical precipitation method. The obtained material was frozen (–20 °C for 24 h), and then vacuum dried for 24 h. The Ce-HApCG was characterized by X-Ray diffractograms (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD and FTIR showed that Ce-HApCG was successfully synthesized. XRD showed characteristic peaks at 2θ = 25.87 and 32.05, corresponding to the crystalline planes (0 0 2) and (2 1 1), respectively, while phosphate bands were present at 1050 cm−1 and 1098 cm−1, indicating the success of composite synthesis. FESEM showed pores and incorporated nanostructured granules of Ce-HApCG. The mechanical test identified that Ce-HApCG has a compressive strength similar to the cancellous bone’s strength and some allografts used in surgical procedures. In vitro tests (MTT assay and hemolysis) showed that scaffold was non-toxic and exhibited low hemolytic activity. Thus, the Ce-HApCG has potential for application in bone tissue engineering.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tuned Hydroxyapatite Materials for Biomedical Applications

Hydroxyapatite stands out between biomaterials due to its properties of osteoconduction and osteoinduction, being adequate to be used in bone grafts. The high stability and flexibility of the structure allows for several biomedical applications, for example, the use as polysaccharide based on the scaffold formulations and the cationic substitutions occurring through the doping of the material using metals, which may enhance biological characteristics, such as improving the action of combating bacterial infections in situ. This study was a research of articles and patents, without and with time restriction (2007–2017), which contain information about hydroxyapatite in the tissue engineering, biomedical, doped with cerium and its properties of antibacterial activity. There were also searches of products and companies that commercialize these types of materials aimed at tissue engineering area. Scopus was used for searched of articles and were EPO, USPTO, and INPI used for patents, and to search for products and companies were used search engines. Few papers were found to associate all the keywords, but the ones found are recent works, thus showing a new area with potential to be investigated

UTILIZAÇÃO DE SÍLICA GEL RECUPERADA COMO FASE ESTACIONÁRIA PARA PURIFICAÇÃO DO 2-terc-BUTIL-5-n-PENTADECILFENOL

Um dos principais propósitos da Química Verde é o desenvolvimento e aplicação de processos químicos para reduzir ou eliminar o uso e geração de substâncias nocivas ao meio ambiente. Portanto, considerando a importância de métodos ambientalmente seguros, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma técnica alternativa de tratamento de sílica gel 60 visando sua reutilização em colunas de separação cromatográfica. Para comprovação da eficiência do método proposto, amostras de sílica nova, residual e recuperada foram submetidas às análises de FTIR e UV-Vis. Com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que a sílica recuperada apresentou-se similar à nova e ausente de resquícios oriundos dos reagentes utilizados no tratamento. O adsorvente em questão também foi eficaz no procedimento de purificação do 2-terc-butil-5-n-pentadecilfenol, comprovado por CGEM. De acordo com os resultados, pode-se inferir que o método proposto é economicamente viável, prático e ambientalmente correto, uma vez que contribui para a redução da geração de resíduos sólidos contaminados.</p

Uso do abatacepte em uma paciente com artrite psoriásica Use of the abatacept in a patient with psoriatic arthritis

Artrite psoriásica (AP) é uma artrite inflamatória soronegativa de causa desconhecida. Classicamente, a AP apresenta cinco formas clínicas, sendo a oligoartrite assimétrica a mais comum. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente com AP refratária às drogas modificadoras da doença, que evoluiu com hepatite medicamentosa após quimioprofilaxia com isoniazida, administrada previamente ao tratamento com anti-TNF&#945;. Em virtude do risco de ativação de tuberculose (TB) latente pela administração de anti-TNF&#945;, da hepatotoxicidade decorrente do tratamento da TB, e baseado no fato de o tratamento da AP se assemelhar ao da artrite reumatoide, optou-se pelo tratamento empírico com abatacepte. Aproximadamente vinte dias após a segunda dose do biológico, a paciente evoluiu com importante melhora clínica, resolução da artrite, regressão das lesões de pele e melhora da anemia e das provas de atividade inflamatória.<br>Psoriatic arthritis (PA) is an inflammatory seronegative arthritis of unknown origin. Classically, PA has five clinical forms, and asymmetric oligoarthritis is the most common type. We describe the case of a patient with PA refractory to disease-modifying drugs, who developed drug-induced hepatitis after chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid, administered prior to the treatment with an anti-TNF&#945; agent. Due to the risk of activating latent tuberculosis with the administration of anti-TNF&#945; and hepatotoxicity onset caused by the TB treatment and based on the fact that the treatment of PA is similar to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, a decision was made to use the empirical treatment with abatacept. Approximately twenty days after the second infusion of the drug, the patient showed clinical improvement, resolution of the arthritis, almost complete disappearance of the skin lesions and improvement of anemia and inflammatory tests

Recent advances in methods of synthesis and applications of bacterial cellulose/calcium phosphates composites in bone tissue engineering: Biomaterials; Biocomposites; Tissue Engineering; Bacterial cellulose Calcium Phosphates

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a nanofibrous biomaterial biosynthetized by a series of acetic bacteria with unique properties with application in many tissue engineering purposes. Calcium phosphates (CPs), mainly hydroxyapatite, are bioceramics that possess similar composition of host bones and are able to stimulate osteoconduction and osteointegration to living tissues.Bacterial cellulose-calcium phosphates composites have caught the attention of researchers by their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, being considered an excellent proposal to development of new synthetic grafts to bone tissue engineering. The minireview presented here focuses on various fabrication methods used to prepare and novel applications of BC-CPs composites and their applications in BTE

Gallium-Containing Hydroxyapatite as a Promising Material for Photocatalytic Performance

The development of photocatalystsor their modification to obtain new photocatalytic performances for the removal of contaminants is a challenge. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), is an inorganic component with a high superficial area and low toxicity and the presence of metal in its structure can be an interesting strategy for the photocatalytic approach. This work aimed to synthesize gallium-containing HAp (Ga-HAp) as a promising material for photocatalytic performance. The synthesis was performed by the suspension–precipitation method. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological analysis employed field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the elemental analysis by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). To evaluate the photocatalytic activity, methylene blue (MB) dye was used as a pollutant model under UV light for 120 min. The influence of Ga-HAp concentration (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g·L−1) and kinetic reaction was also studied. The Ga-HAp was successfully obtained by the suspension–precipitation method. The structural characterization by XRD and FESEM-EDS elucidated the presence of gallium in the structure of hydroxyapatite. The XPS results indicated the substitution of gallium in the crystal lattice of the material. The discoloration rate of MB dye using Ga-Hap was calculated by pseudo first-order kinetics, and the best rate constant was 7.5 × 10−3 min−1 using 1.00 g·L−1 of photocatalyst. The concentration of Ga-HAp influenced the photocatalytic process, because the discoloration rate increased as a function of the concentration of material. Therefore, Ga-HAp is a promising material for environmental remediation