Kvalitet svinjskih trupova na liniji klanja, prema prethodnom i tekućem pravilniku EU

Investigation was carried out on 135 pig carcasses/carcass sides of both sexes, in several slaughterhouses in Vojvodina. Stratification of carcass sides was done based on coefficient of linear regression of traits in relation to mass of cooled carcass sides. Analysis 'General regression Models'/Statistika 8 was applied. Percentage of muscle tissue was evaluated in three ways: simulation of instrumental FOM method according to formula defined by Petrović et al. (2009) and application of dissection method, using formula issued in EU Regulation from 1994 (Commission Regulation, 3127/94) and 2006 (Commission Regulation, 1197/2006). Obtained results showed that relative share of muscle tissue in carcass sides determined according to previous EU1 regulation was significantly (p (lt) 0,05) lower (49,90%) than established share of muscle tissue determined according to mathematical FOM model (53,71%) and current regulation EU2 (54,03 %). The greatest share of muscle tissue was determined in leg/ham (67,67 %), and the lowest in BRP (48,65%). In BRP the highest share of KoPo and IMMT (31,10% and 13,72 %) were established, and the lowest in leg/ham (18,67 % and 5,60%). In cooled pig carcass sides, share of leg meat was 16,05%, share of muscle tissue of shoulder 7,11%, BLP 8,49% and BRP 4,95%. Leg contributes to the highest share of KoPo in carcass side (4,42 %), and shoulder to the lowest (2,63 %). The highest share of IMMT in carcass side was established in BRP, and the lowest in shoulder (0,87 %). For the purpose of distribution of pig carcasses into commercial classes according to SEUROP system using FOM and EU2 methods, all carcass sides were categorized into medium commercial classes (E and U), whereas according to EU1 formula only 36,30% of carcass sides were categorized in the same commercial classes, and 63,70% in lower class (R). None of the formulas applied resulted in classification of carcasses into meat class of highest meat ratio 'S' or lowest meat ratios 'O' and 'P'. Based on this we concluded that investigated sample was of medium quality, i.e. that carcass sides can be categorized as commercial classes (E, U and R). Finally, it can be concluded that because of the established differences in regard to obtained lean meat ratio by application of previous (EU1) and current (EU2) formula, additional research are necessary.Istraživanje je urađeno na 135 svinjskih polutki različitih genotipova, oba pola u nekoliko klanica u Vojvodini. Stratifikacija polutki prema telesnoj masi izvršena je na osnovu koeficijenta linearne regresije osobina na masu ohlađenih polutki. Primenjena je analiza 'General regression Models'/statistika 8. Procenat mišićnog tkiva procenjivan je na tri načina: simulacijom instrumentalne metode FOM i primenom metode disekcije (Commission Regulation, 3127/94 (EU1) et Commission Regulation, 1197/2006 (EU2). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je relativni udeo mišićnog tkiva u polutkama svinja određen prema prethodnom pravilniku (EU1) signifikantno (p (lt) 0,05) niži (49.90%) od utvrđenog udela mišićnog tkiva prema matematičkom modelu FOM (53.71%) i prema važećem pravilniku EU2 (54.03 %). Na ohlađenim polutkama zaklanih svinja udeo mesa buta čini 16.05%, udeo mišićnog tkiva plećke 7.11%, LSD 8.49% i TRD 4.95%. Distribucijom svinjskih trupova u tržišne klase prema SEUROP sistemu primenom FOM i EU2 metode sve ispitivane polutke svrstane su u srednje trgovačke klase (E i U), dok je EU1 formula klasifikovala samo 36.30% svinjskih polutki u istu trgovačku klasu, a 63.70% u nižu trgovačku klasu (R). Nijedna formula nije klasifikovala nijedan trup u tržišne klase mesa sa najvišim 'S' i najnižim udelom mesa 'O' i 'P'. Na osnovu toga, zaključeno je da je ispitivani uzorak srednjeg kvaliteta, tj. polutke su klasifikovane u srednje kvalitetne trgovačke klase (E, U i R). Na kraju, može se zaključiti da zbog ustanovljenih razlika dobijenog procenta mesa primenom prethodne (EU1) i važeće (EU2) jednačine neophodna su dalja istraživanja na ovu temu

Quantitative-genetic analysis of intensity growth of gilts fertile breed and their hybrids in the nucleus farm

The paper analyzes the 2760 gilts four different genotypes, two of which are pure bred Landrace (429 gilts) and Yorkshire (421 gilts) and two hybrid F1(YxL) (999 gilts) and F1(LxY) (911 gilts), tested in the period from 2010 to 2011.Analyzed by the following traits of intensity growth: weight at weaning (WW), daily gain at suckling (DGS), weight in rearing (WR), daily gain at rearing (DGR), weight in test (WT), daily gain on test (DGT), weight of gilts (WG) and life gain (LG). Due to the manifestation of heterosis effect, hybrid gilts in rearing made any higher body weight of about 3 kg, while the age of 160 days on average had a higher body weight by 7.0 kg compared to the pure breed gilts, which resulted in higher daily gain in different phases of rearing. Degree of heritability for analysis traits of intensity growth is of medium to high. Heritability (h2) for daily gains were larger (0.640 for DGS, 0.858 for DGR and 0.859 for DGT) in relation to the heritability for achieved body weight (0.584 for WW, 0.558 for WR and 0.816 for WT) in different phases of rearing. Between the most observed traits were found positive genetic and phenotypic correlations. The negative correlation found between WR, DGR and WT, DGT (rg= -0.055 to -0.108; rp = -0.010 to - 0.033), between WW, DGS and DGR (rg= -0.301 respectively -0.466; rp = -0.234 respectively -0.271)

The effect of parental genotype and parity number on pigs litter size

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parental genotype and parity number on the litter size properties of sows (number of live born, stillborn and weaned piglets). The investigation was conducted on a farm in Vojvodina. The analysis included 65535 litters that originated from five genotypes of dams (sows with unknown origin, n = 20980; Yorkshire, n = 3189; Landrace, n = 22426; F1(YxL), n = 14251; F1(LxY), n = 4689) and five genotypes of sires (Yorkshire, n = 21641; Landrace, n = 26623; Pietrain, n = 485; Duroc, n = 13463; Hampshire, n = 3323). Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the genotypes of the dams had statistically significant (p<0.01) influence on the observed litters properties. Landrace sows achieved the highest average number of born alive piglets (10.12) with a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) compared with sows of other genotypes. The observed effect of sire genotype on litter size properties was statistically significant (p<0.01), where the terminal genotypes were superior when it comes to the number of live born and weaned piglets. Regression analysis of dependence between parity and litter size recorded positive regression coefficients: number of live born (b = 0.007), stillborn (b = 0. 09) and weaned piglets (b = 0.07). Influence of parity on the observed traits of litter size was highly statistically significant (p<0.01)

Heavy Quark Photoproduction in Ultra-peripheral Heavy Ion Collisions

Heavy quarks are copiously produced in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions. In the strong electromagnetic fields, c c-bar and b b-bar are produced by photonuclear and two-photon interactions; hadroproduction can occur in grazing interactions. We present the total cross sections, quark transverse momentum and rapidity distributions, as well as the Q Q-bar invariant mass spectra from the three production channels. We consider AA and pA collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider. We discuss techniques for separating the three processes and describe how the AA to pA production ratios might be measured accurately enough to study nuclear shadowing.Comment: Minor changes to satisfy referees and typo fixes; 52 pages including 17 figure

Two-photon final states in peripheral heavy ion collisions

We discuss processes leading to two photon final states in peripheral heavy ion collisions at RHIC. Due to the large photon luminosity we show that the continuum subprocess $\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$ can be observed with a large number of events. We study this reaction when it is intermediated by a resonance made of quarks or gluons and discuss its interplay with the continuum process, verifying that in several cases the resonant process ovewhelms the continuum one. It is also investigated the possibility of observing a scalar resonance (the $\sigma$ meson) in this process. Assuming for the $\sigma$ the mass and total decay width values recently reported by the E791 Collaboration we show that RHIC may detect this particle in its two photon decay mode if its partial photonic decay width is of the order of the ones discussed in the literature.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

ANTIADHESIVE AND ANTIBIOFILM POTENTIAL OF SUBCRITICAL WATER EXTRACTS DERIVED FROM MASHROOM INONOTUS OBLIQUUS

Mushroom Inonotus obliquus has been traditionally used in China, Korea, Russia and in most Baltic countries as health promoting remedy. The study was designed to investigate antimicrobial activity of subcritical water extracts derived from mushroom I. obliquus originating from Mongolia (IM) and from mountain Vlasina, Serbia (IS), including their antiadhesive and antibiofilm capability. Antimicrobial potential of subcritical water extracts was tested by microdilution method. The antiadhesive and antibiofilm abilities were monitored using Gram positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Gram negative Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most significant biofilm production was observed in E. faecalis (the third category) and S. aureus (the second category). It was noticed that IS and IM were able to provide up to 90% of E. faecalis and S. aureus adhesion and biofilm reduction, i.e. to decrease the ability of these two bacteria to adhere and form a biofilm (the first or almost zero category, after contact with extracts). In general, Gram positive bacteria appeared as more susceptible to the presence of both tested subcritical water extracts (MBC - 20 mg/mL in all experiments). According to the obtained MIC values, IM (5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL) exhibited a stronger effect than IS (10 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL) on L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis and S. aureus, respectively. This study revealed that tested subcritical I. obliquus water extracts are very effective in preventing the formation of biofilms, especially those of selected Gram-positive bacteria. This discovery could be very useful in combating biofilms, taking into account all the problems and dangers that they brin

Deuterated Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduce Oxidative Stress and Extend the Lifespan of C. elegans

Chemically reinforced essential fatty acids (FAs) promise to fight numerous age-related diseases including Alzheimer’s, Friedreich’s ataxia and other neurological conditions. The reinforcement is achieved by substituting the atoms of hydrogen at the bis-allylic methylene of these essential FAs with the isotope deuterium. This substitution leads to a significantly slower oxidation due to the kinetic isotope effect, inhibiting membrane damage. The approach has the advantage of preventing the harmful accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting the propagation of lipid peroxidation while antioxidants potentially neutralize beneficial oxidative species. Here, we developed a model system to mimic the human dietary requirement of omega-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans to study the role of deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs). Deuterated trilinolenin [D-TG(54:9)] was sufficient to prevent the accumulation of lipid peroxides and to reduce the accumulation or ROS. Moreover, D-TG(54:9) significantly extended the lifespan of worms under normal and oxidative stress conditions. These findings demonstrate that D-PUFAs can be used as a food supplement to decelerate the aging process, resulting in extended lifespan

Meat quality traits of M. longissimus lumborum from White Mangalica and (Duroc x White Mangalica) x White Mangalica pigs reared under intensive conditions and slaughtered at about 180-kg live weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate the meat quality of the Serbian autochthonous White Mangalica pure bred pig and its crossbreed with Duroc. A total of 24 pigs [White Mangalica WM, n = 12, and (Duroc x White Mangalica) x White Mangalica) - (DWM)WM, n = 12)] were slaughtered on average 638 and 509 d of age, respectively. Colour and marbling score, and all physical (pH, instrumental colour and water holding capacity) and chemical (proximate and mineral composition and fatty acids profile) analyses were performed on M. Iongissimus lumborum. Pork from WM had higher marbling score and intramuscular fat content and was redder in colour than from (DWM)WM; while opposite was determined for moisture content. In intramuscular fat, WM had higher content of oleic acid as well as total monounsaturated fatty acids than (DWM)WM, while (DWM)WM had higher linoleic and arachidonic acids as well as total polyunsaturated fatty acids content. Inclusion of 25% Duroc gave pork with lower content of iron, copper and manganese. In summary, irrespective of differences in some particular traits White Mangalica crossbreds can represent a good alternative to pure White Mangalica without worsening the meat quality

A New Aculodes Species (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) Described from an Invasive Weed by Morphological, Morphometric and DNA Barcode Analyses †

A new species of eriophyoid mite, Aculodes marcelli sp. nov., was discovered on cheatgrass, Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski (syn. Bromus tectorum L.), an annual grass that is native to Eurasia and Northern Africa. This grass was introduced to North America near the end of the 19th century and now is widespread and associated with the observed increases in the size, frequency, and intensity of wildfires in western N. America. In this paper, A. marcelli sp. nov., is morphologically described and illustrated. Compared with other Aculodes spp., it differs based on morphology and the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene, subunit I (MT-CO1). Results of morphometric analysis showed clear differentiation between A. marcelli sp. nov., and the most similar congener, A. altamurgiensis from Taeniatherum caput-medusae. Analysis of MT-CO1 sequence divergence revealed significant levels of genetic variation (17.7%) and supported the results from the morphometric analysis; therefore, it is determined that they are two different species. Aculodes marcelli sp. nov., is a new candidate agent for classical biological control of A. tectorum. © 2022 by the authors

Evolutionary genetics of immunological supertypes reveals two faces of the Red Queen

Red Queen host-parasite co-evolution can drive adaptations of immune-genes by positive selection that erodes genetic variation (Red Queen Arms Race), or result in a balanced polymorphism (Red Queen Dynamics) and the long-term preservation of genetic variation (trans-species polymorphism). These two Red Queen processes are opposite extremes of the co-evolutionary spectrum. Here we show that both Red Queen processes can operate simultaneously, analyzing the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in guppies (Poecilia reticulata and P. obscura), and swamp guppies (Micropoecilia picta). Sub-functionalization of MHC alleles into “supertypes” explains how polymorphisms persist during rapid host-parasite co-evolution. Simulations show the maintenance of supertypes as balanced polymorphisms, consistent with Red Queen Dynamics, whereas alleles within supertypes are subject to positive selection in a Red Queen Arms Race. Building on the Divergent Allele Advantage hypothesis, we show that functional aspects of allelic diversity help to elucidate the evolution of polymorphic genes involved in Red Queen co-evolution