Estudo fitossociológico em área de vegetação campestre na região do Alto Camaquã.

Organizado por: Márcio Nunes Corrêa, Valmor João Bianchi, Jacira Bolacell Braga e Valdecir Carlos Ferri

Family history of cancer and the risk of childhood brain tumors: a pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies (SFCE)

PURPOSE: Although some specific genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis (NF) have been identified as risk factor of childhood brain tumors (CBT), the potential role of inherited susceptibility in CBT has yet to be elucidated. METHODS: To further investigate this, we conducted a pooled analysis of two nationwide case-control studies ESCALE and ESTELLE. The mothers of 509 CBT cases and 3,102 controls aged under 15 years who resided in France at diagnosis/interview, frequency-matched by age and gender, responded to a telephone interview conducted by trained interviewers. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: CBT was significantly associated with the family history of cancer in relatives (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.5). The OR was slightly higher for maternal relatives than for paternal relatives, and when at least two relatives had a history of cancer. CBT was significantly associated with a family history of brain tumor (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.7). This association seemed stronger for first-degree relatives (mother, father, and siblings), for whom, by contrast, no association was seen for cancers other than CBT. No specificity by CBT subtypes or by age of the children were found for any of these findings. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the hypothesis of a familial susceptibility of CBT, not due to being a known NF carrier

Cyborg political machines: Political brokering and modern political campaigning in Colombia

Colombian professional political consultants couple information technologies and local political brokering to circumvent strict voter privacy regulations that limit campaigns’ access to voters’ personal data. I argue that political consultants use information technologies to bolster traditional vertical, personality-centered political organizations, and to produce tightly controlled “cyborg political machines.” I challenge widespread notions that oppose media-based politics to traditional face-to-face politics (known also as clientelism). Instead, I show that although political elites introduced American political marketing methods hoping to modernize campaigns, the American way provided a new framework to preserve traditional authoritarian political arrangements after the extensive democratic reforms of the early 1990s

Sericin And Alginate Blend As Matrix For Incorporation Of Diclofenac Sodium

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Diclofenac sodium (DS) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory widely used clinically and has recurring side effects in gastrointestinal system. In addition, it requires multiple daily doses to maintain its therapeutic drugblood level. Therefore, the modification of the form of presentation of the DS becomes desirable to improve patient compliance and decrease side effects. Sericin is a globular protein that offers many desirable characteristics for the incorporation of drugs. It is presented in the silkworm cocoons (Bombyx mori) and is usually discarded in the wastewater of degumming silk processing. Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed that has an abundant use in drug delivery systems. The blend of sericin and alginate may provide characteristics more suitable for improving the encapsulation. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the content of DS incorporated in sericin/alginate particles. The sericin solution was obtained by degumming process in autoclave (1kgf/cm(2), 40 min) and the sodium alginate used was of analytical grade (Sigma-Aldrich). Blends of sericin and alginate with DS incorporated were produced in various formulations. These blends were dripped in CaCl2 solution, in the ionic gelation technique, in order to produce the particles. The different formulations used were compared by evaluating the efficiency of incorporation of DS in the sericin/alginate particles. Additionally, the surface morphology was analyzed by SEM - Scanning Electron Microscopy, and the size of the particles was evaluated by OM - Optical Microscopy. The results showed that the efficiency of incorporation reached values in the range of 91.1 +/- 2.4 % to 75.5 +/- 2.1 %, and the SEM analysis proved the incorporation of the drug in the blend matrix.52343348CNPq [470615/2013-3, 300986/2013-0]CAPESFAPESP [2015/13505-9]BRATAC CompanyConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)19th International Conference on Process Integration, Modeling and Optimization for Energy Savings and Pollution Reduction (PRES)Aug 27-31, 2016Prague, Czech Republi

[Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse: guidelines for clinical practice].

International audienceINTRODUCTION:Open sacrocolpopexy have demonstrated its efficiency in surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse with an important backward on a large number of patients. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy reproduced the same surgical technique with reduced morbidity and may benefits from the recent development of robotic. Numerous technical variants have been developped around the original procedure but results seems not ever equivalent. Our objectives are to establish practical recommendations issues from the data of the litterature on the various technical aspects of this technique.METHODS:This work leans on an exhaustive lecture of the literature concerning meta analyses, randomized tries, registers, controlled studies and the largest non controlled studies published on the subject. Recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary workgroup then reread and amended by an also multidisciplinary group of proofreaders (urologists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons). The methodology follows at best the recommendations of the HAS with a scientific argument for every question (accompanied with the level of proof, NP) and the recommendations, the officers (In, B, C and agreement of experts) and validated at the end of the phase of review.RESULTS:Surgical treatment of uro-genital prolapse by abdominal route classically associated hystero and anterior vaginopexy on the sacral ligament with a synthethic mesh. There are no argument to systematically associated a posterior vaginopexy to prevent secondary rectocele (level C). The consensual indication of laparoscopic rectopexy is represented by symptomatic rectal prolapse, the anatomical and functional results of which are the best estimated (level C). The surgical treatment of rectocele, elytrocele and enterocele with a posterior vaginopexy is not well estimated (level 3). Thus, it is not possible to conclude on the results of a posterior vaginal fixation with a mesh in these indications (AP). In the absence of colpocèle, the interest brought by the posterior vaginal mesh is not established (level 3). There is no comparative studies which allows to conclude on the type and mode of fixation of the prostheses of sacrocolpopexy. We would only report the most common practices without other conclusion. The anterior mesh is usually fixed upper on the anterior part of uterus cervix and lower on the anterior vaginal wall. These fixations are most of the time made by suture and on the promontory with non absorbable suture. The great majority of the authors recommend to make a peritonisation of prostheses to limit the risk of post-operative occlusion. It is now recommended to use only 2 kind of not absorbable prostheses: type I (macroporous polypropylene) or type III (polyester) and not to use any more prostheses type II (PTFE, Silicone) (level C) because of a high rate of mesh erosion: PTFE (9 %) or Silicone (19%) (level 3). Biological prostheses are no more recommended, because of short and medium-term lower anatomical results (level B). Anatomical and functional results are not stastistically differents between laparotomy and coelioscopy (NP1) but the comparison of tong-term results between both ways is not yet established. Coelioscopy allows significant reduction of blood losses, hospital stay and return to normal activity (level 1). Furthemore, there is a higher level of post-operative complications in laparotomy (level 1). When sacrocolpopexy is indicated, coelioscopy is thus recommended (level B). During coelioscopic sacrocolpopexy, anatomical and functional result have not shown any significance difference when using or no a robotics assistance but real randomised studies does not exist (level 2). In comparison to coelioscopy, robotic seems not to improve post-operative consequences and not to decrease the rate of complications of sacrocolpopexy (level 3). Robotic assistance cannot be yet recommended when a coelioscopic sacrocolpopexy is indicated (rank B).CONCUSION:Sacrocolpopexy using not absorbable meshes allows to cure pelvic organ prolapses with very good results with few complications in terms of prothetic exposure and infection and thus is now considered as the referent prothetic surgical technique in this indication. Thus, it seems very important to establish clear recommendations on the numerous operating technical variants which developed around the original technique. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS