Influencia de la depresión en la ideación suicida de los estudiantes de la selva peruana

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la depresión en la ideación suicida de los estudiantes de la selva peruana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, realizado en una población universitaria en la selva peruana. La variable dependiente fue la ideación suicida y la independiente fue la depresión, ambas fueron tomadas a través de las escalas modificadas para el Perú de Birleson y de Beck, respectivamente. Se cruzó estos sistemas y se les ajustó por otras variables. Resultados: Existe una fuerte asociación entre la ideación suicida y depresión (valor p<0,01). Además, los estudiantes universitarios con depresión presentaron con mayor frecuencia ideas suicidas en grado medio–alto (RP: 7,1; IC95 %: 3,8-13,2). Otras conductas que se asociaron a los grados de ideación suicida medio-alto fueron percibir que se tienen pocas posibilidades de ser felices en el futuro (RP: 0,4; IC95 %: 0,2-0,6), sentir que no son tomados en cuenta por su familia (RP: 6,5; IC95 %: 4,2-10,0) y sentir que la muerte podía generar alivio (RP: 6,8; IC95 %: 4,6-10,2). Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación entre las variables ideación suicida y depresión, que está caracterizada por algunas percepciones y conductas que develan serios problemas de la esfera mental, lo que debe ser tomado en cuenta por las entidades educativas, para generar programas de detección y ayuda a los jóvenes estudiantes

Propuesta de mejora de la productividad en el área de producción utilizando la metodología PHVA en la empresa Roval Industria y Comercio SAC

La presente tesis ha sido desarrollada en la empresa Roval Industria y Comercio S.A.C dedicada a la fabricación y comercialización de válvulas industriales, juntas de expansión y tuberías flexibles y tiene como objetivo principal contribuir con la mejora continua de la empresa, aumentar su rentabilidad y mejorar sus procesos operacionales. La mejora continua se realizó basándose en la metodología PHVA o llamada también Ciclo de Deming. Asimismo, como apoyo a la metodología se utilizaron diversas herramientas: diagrama de Ishikawa, Pareto, matriz 5W – 1H, casas de calidad (QFD), identificación de peligros y evaluación de riesgos (IPER), análisis de modo de falla y efectos (AMFE); así como también de softwares aplicativos: Planeamiento estratégico, Balanced Scorecard, Radar estratégico, Diagnóstico situacional, Clima laboral, Costos de calidad, entre otros; que permitió visualizar la situación actual de la empresa, establecer los objetivos a lograr y proceder así a realizar los planes de acción correspondientes para lograr dichos objetivos, planes como implementación de las 5”S”, seguridad y salud en el trabajo, mantenimiento autónomo, comunicación interna, motivación del personal, capacitaciones, gestión de la calidad, distribución de planta y plan de producción, para posteriormente implementar cada uno de ellos. Como resultado se obtuvo las mejoras en los indicadores de eficacia de 32% a 52%, eficiencia de 72% a 82%, productividad un incremento de 34%, entre otros indicadores

Influencia de la depresión en la ideación suicida de los estudiantes de la selva peruana

Objective: To determine the influence of depression on suicidal ideation in students from the Peruvian jungle. and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in a university population of the Peruvian jungle. The dependent variable was "suicidal ideation" and the independent variable was "depression", both measured through the Birleson and Beck scales, respectively, which were modified for Peru. These variables were cross-checked and adjusted using other variables.  Results: There is a strong association between suicidal ideation and depression (p-value < 0.01). In addition, university students with depression were more prone to have medium-high suicidal ideation (PR: 7.1, 95 % CI: 3.8- 13.2). Other behaviors that were associated with the degrees of medium-high suicidal ideation were: perceiving to have little chances of being happy in the future (RP: 0.4, 95 % CI: 0.2-0.6), not feeling to be taken into account by the family (RP: 6.5, 95 % CI: 4.2-10.0), and feeling that death could generate relief (PR: 6.8, 95 % CI: 4.6-10.2).  Conclusions: An association was found between the variables "suicidal ideation" and "depression", characterized by some perceptions and behaviors which reveal serious mental-sphere problems. Such problems should be taken into account by educational entities to generate detection and assistance programs for young students.  Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la depresión en la ideación suicida de los estudiantes de la selva peruana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, realizado en una población universitaria en la selva peruana. La variable dependiente fue la ideación suicida y la independiente fue la depresión, ambas fueron tomadas a través de las escalas modificadas para el Perú de Birleson y de Beck, respectivamente. Se cruzó estos sistemas y se les ajustó por otras variables. Resultados: Existe una fuerte asociación entre la ideación suicida y depresión (valor p<0,01). Además, los estudiantes universitarios con depresión presentaron con mayor frecuencia ideas suicidas en grado medio–alto (RP: 7,1; IC95 %: 3,8-13,2). Otras conductas que se asociaron a los grados de ideación suicida medio-alto fueron percibir que se tienen pocas posibilidades de ser felices en el futuro (RP: 0,4; IC95 %: 0,2-0,6), sentir que no son tomados en cuenta por su familia (RP: 6,5; IC95 %: 4,2-10,0) y sentir que la muerte podía generar alivio (RP: 6,8; IC95 %: 4,6-10,2). Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación entre las variables ideación suicida y depresión, que está caracterizada por algunas percepciones y conductas que develan serios problemas de la esfera mental, lo que debe ser tomado en cuenta por las entidades educativas, para generar programas de detección y ayuda a los jóvenes estudiantes.

New morphological and molecular data for Xystretrum solidum (Gorgoderidae, Gorgoderinae) from Sphoeroides testudineus (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae) in Mexican waters

Adults of trematodes in the genus Xystretrum Linton, 1910 (Gorgoderidae, Gorgoderinae) are parasites found exclusively in the urinary bladders of tetraodontiform fishes. However, limited and unclear morphological data were used to describe the type species, X. solidum Linton, 1910. Here, we present the first detailed morphological information for a member of Xystretrum. Morphological characters were described using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Xystretrum specimens from Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus) (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae), collected at six localities off the northern Yucatan Peninsula coast of the Gulf of Mexico. We also compared sequence fragments of the 28S (region D1–D3) ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene with those available for other gorgoderine taxa. We assigned these Xystretrum specimens to X. solidum, despite the incompleteness of published descriptions. The data provide a foundation for future work to validate the identities of X. solidum, X. papillosum Linton, 1910 and X. pulchrum (Travassos, 1920) with new collections from the type localities and hosts. Comparisons of 28S and COI regions described here also provide an opportunity to evaluate the monophyletic status of Xystretrum

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac