O argumento orçamentário na modulação dos efeitos das decisões em matéria tributária em tempos de pandemia

A presente monografia visa abordar o tema da aplicação da modulação dos efeitos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em relação a matéria tributária em tempos de pandemia. A análise realizada tem base doutrinária e jurisprudencial, bem como pretende verificar se as decisões prolatadas pela Corte Suprema durante o período pandêmico vêm aplicando os princípios constitucionais característicos do instituto. Tal verificação será possível por meio de análise dos acórdãos proferidos pela Corte no referido período, bem como o estudo dos conceitos e princípios da segurança jurídica, excepcional interesse social e demais requisitos presentes na Constituição Federal que são inerentes à aplicação da modulação dos efeitos temporais. A referida caracterização será necessária para compreender se as decisões proferidas com caráter orçamentário estão de acordo com os preceitos previstos na Carta Magna

Barreiras arquitetônicas e suas implicações no contexto escolar para pessoas com deficiência física e visual em um projeto educacional / Architectural barriers and their implications in the school context for people with physical and visual disabilities in an educational project

Introdução: A educação fomenta a formação das pessoas. Por tal significância, o contexto escolar deve oferecer oportunidades igualitárias. Sendo a Tecnologia Assistiva uma disciplina multiprofissional, a Terapia Ocupacional a utiliza de modo a tornar o espaço escolar menos excludente para Pessoas com Deficiência. Objetivo: Objetivou-se identificar barreiras arquitetônicas para pessoas com deficiência física e visual em um projeto educacional. Esse artigo cunhou-se durante o Estágio Curricular do Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade do Estado do Pará no contexto educacional, em uma instituição social situada na cidade de Belém-PA. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza descritiva, abordagem qualitativa e procedimentos documentais, utilizando registros produzidos através de diário de campo e relatórios como fonte de dados. Estruturou-se em três fases: preparação para ida à campo; observação do lócus; identificação de demandas, utilizando o Manual de Acessibilidade Espacial para Escolas: o direito à escola acessível! como parâmetro. Diante disto, o ambiente analisado foi composto por: rua em frente à escola; portão da escola à porta de entrada; recepção e salas de atendimento; corredores; escadas e rampas; salas de aula; biblioteca; auditório; sanitários; refeitório; e espaço destinado ao lazer. Resultados: Constatou-se que alguns equipamentos, espaços e alternativas à acessibilidade eram ausentes no local, dificultando a inclusão escolar. Reconhecer as barreiras arquitetônicas abre diálogo à inclusão de pessoas com deficiência em espaços educacionais, pois favorece reflexões e ações voltadas à acessibilidade e à garantia de direitos neste contexto. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, a Terapia Ocupacional pode contribuir na promoção das ocupações, em estratégias adaptativas e mudanças arquitetônicas.Palavras-Chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Educação. Acessibilidade Arquitetônica.AbstractIntroduction: Education fosters the training of individuals. For such significance, the school context must offer equal opportunities. As Assistive Technology is a multidisciplinary discipline, Occupational Therapy uses it in order to make the school space less exclusive for People with Disabilities. Objective: The objective was to identify architectural barriers for people with physical and visual disabilities in an educational project located in the city of Belém-Pa. This article was coined during the Curricular Internship of the Occupational Therapy Course at Pará State University in the educational context, in a social institution located in that municipality. Method: This is a case study of a descriptive nature, qualitative approach and documentary procedures, using records produced through field diaries and reports as a data source. It was structured in three phases: preparation for going to the field; observation of the locus; identification of demands, using the Spatial Accessibility Manual for Schools: The right to accessible school! as a parameter. Given this, the analysis of the environment was composed by: street in front of the school; school gate to the entrance door; reception and reception rooms; runners; stairs and ramps; classrooms; library; auditorium; Sanitary; refectory; and space for leisure. Results: It was found that some equipment, spaces and alternatives to accessibility were absent in the place, making inclusion difficult. Recognizing architectural barriers opens a dialogue to guarantee the rights to education for people with physical and visual disabilities. Conclusion: Therefore, Occupational Therapy in the school environment plays an important role in promoting occupations and adaptive strategies.Keywords: Occupational therapy. Education. Architectural Accessibility ResumenIntroducción: La educación fomenta la formación de las personas. Para tal trascendencia, el contexto escolar debe ofrecer igualdad de oportunidades. Dado que la Tecnología de Asistencia es una disciplina multidisciplinaria, la Terapia Ocupacional la utiliza para hacer que el espacio escolar sea menos exclusivo para las Personas con Discapacidad. Objetivo: El objetivo fue identificar barreras arquitectónicas para personas con discapacidad física y visual en un proyecto educativo ubicado en la ciudad de Belém-Pa. Este artículo fue acuñado durante la Pasantía Curricular del Curso de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad Estatal de Pará en el contexto educativo, en una institución social ubicada en ese municipio. Metodo: Se trata de un estudio de caso de carácter descriptivo, enfoque cualitativo y procedimientos documentales, utilizando como fuente de datos registros producidos a través de diarios e informes de campo. Se estructuró en tres fases: preparación para la salida al campo; observación del locus; identificación de demandas, utilizando el Manual de Accesibilidad Espacial para Escuelas: ¡El derecho a la escuela accesible! como parámetro. Ante esto, el análisis del entorno estuvo compuesto por: calle frente a la escuela; puerta de la escuela a la puerta de entrada; salas de recepción y recepción; corredores escaleras y rampas; salas de clase; biblioteca; sala; Sanitario; refectorio; y espacio para el ocio. Resultados: Se encontró que algunos equipamientos, espacios y alternativas de accesibilidad estaban ausentes en el lugar, lo que dificultaba la inclusión. Reconocer las barreras arquitectónicas abre un diálogo para garantizar los derechos a la educación de las personas con discapacidad física y visual. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, la Terapia Ocupacional en el entorno escolar juega un papel importante en la promoción de ocupaciones y estrategias adaptativas.Palabras clave: Terapia ocupacional. Educación. Accesibilidad Arquitectónica

A review on recent advances in implanted medical devices security

The Implanted Medical Devices (IMD) industry has grown over the past few decades and is expected to grow in the coming ones. Being an asset for the health and quality of life of a patient, the availability of IMD-related products, their increasing complexity and advances in communication capabilities do not seem to have been seamlessly accompanied by cybersecurity concerns. Recent IMD can be integrated in the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) and thus, they are also exposed to attacks impacting on privacy and, above all, on the health and even the life of the device users. While in an early stage of the IMD development, the security procedures were based on the existing classic protocols and models and their functional capabilities were the focus of development, recent efforts have been made to address security from the start. In this paper we review the most recent contributions on the cybersecurity of IMD products and we highlight innovative ideas that represent new design and development paradigms of these devices next generations. In this review it is reinforced that the technological evolution and the progressive access of attackers to resources capable of exploiting multiple vulnerabilities can have a crucial impact in the IMD already implanted in the patient's body, designed to remain in operation for many years. Also, it brings the need to develop novel and robust protocols to guarantee security compatible with constrained computing resources and extremely low energy requirements to be feasible. Finally, the security and privacy concerns regarding this kind of devices should be addressed in the design phase and policies must move from damage mitigation to threat prevention.5311-8814-F0ED | Sara Maria da Cruz Maia de Oliveira PaivaN/

Examining the accumulated oxygen deficit method in breaststroke swimming

The present study investigated the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) method in breaststroke swimming with the aims to assess the reliability of the oxygen uptake/swimming velocity regression line and to quantify the precision of the AOD. Sixteen male swimmers performed two swimming tests in different days, with a 24-h recovery between tests: a graded swimming test and an all-out test. The all-out test was performed in one of two distances: 100 m (n = 7) or 200 m (n = 9). Through all testing, expired gases were collected breath by breath and analysed with a K4b2 Gas Analyser (Cosmed, Rome, Italy) connected to an AquaTrainer Valve (Cosmed, Rome, Italy). The standard error of the regression lines was approximately 5-6 ml kg(-1) min(-1) and the regressions allowed an extrapolation of the energy cost to higher intensities with a standard error of the predicted value that was lower in the 200-m bout (approximately 3.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) comparatively to the 100-m bout (approximately 6 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). The AOD imprecision was calculated as the square root of the sum of the oxygen uptake measurement error and the standard error of the predicted value for energy cost. AOD imprecision was smaller in the 200-m bout (approximately 9 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) comparatively to the 100-m bout (approximately 12 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). However, since the AOD values during the two distances were small, the AOD relative errors can be viewed as high. Additionally, the data variability was considerable (95% confidence intervals of the linear extrapolation larger than 20 ml kg(-1) min(-1)).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Can 8-weeks of Training Affect Active Drag in Young Swimmers?

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 8-weeks of training on active drag in young swimmers of both genders. Eight girls and twelve boys' belonging to the same swimming team and with regular competitive participation in national and regional events for the previous two seasons participated in this study. Active drag measurements were conducted in two different evaluation moments: at the beginning of the season and after 8 weeks of training (6.0 ± 0.15 training units per week, 21.00 ± 3.23 km per week and 3.50 ± 0.23 km per training unit). The maximal swimming velocity at the distance of 13 m, active drag and drag coefficient were measured on both trials by the method of small perturbations with the help of an additional hydrodynamic body. After 8 weeks of training, mean active drag (drag force and drag coefficient) decreased in girls and boys, although no significant differences were found between the two trials. It seems that 8 weeks of swimming training were not sufficient to allow significant improvements on swimming technique. Key pointsThe velocity perturbation method seems to be a good, simple and reliable approach to assess active drag in young swimmers.Eight weeks of swimming training were not sufficient to allow significant improvements on swimming hydrodynamics.There were no differences between boys and girls concerning active drag. A possible explanation may be related to the similar values of body mass and height in boys and girls found in this study.Specific training sets concerning technique correction and improvement in young swimmers might be a main aim during training planning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

THE STUDY OF SWIMMERS’S HAND AND FOREARM USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Computational Fluid Dynamics has been widely used in biomechanics studies applied to medicine and sport. In this study we developed a 3-D model for swimmer’s hand/forearm forces using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Models used in the simulations were created in CAD, based on realistic dimensions of a right adult human hand/forearm. The governing system of equations considered was the incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations implemented with Fluent® code. The drag coefficient was the main responsible for propulsion, with a maximum value of force propulsion corresponding to a pitch angle of 90º. The lift coefficient seemed to play a less important role in the generation of propulsive force with pitch angles of 0º and 90º but it is important with a pitch angle of 45º. It was demonstrated the relevance of applying CFD in the propulsive force measurements, using a more realistic model of a human segment

UMA ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE GESTÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA EM UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA DA REGIÃO SUDESTE

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os processos de gestão da educação a distância (EaD) em instituições públicas de ensino superior (IPES). O trabalho se baseia em um estudo de caso em uma IPES. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e pesquisa documental. Foi possível observar que o surgimento da EaD na IPES estudada apresentou características bastante específicas. Até o advento da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB), a EaD sequer constava no Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) da IPES. Constatou-se que a IPES estudada não tem de fato políticas bem definidas para a EaD. Ela ainda depende muito das iniciativas isoladas de alguns poucos docentes. A EAD não está consolidada na instituição e não há de fato interesse da sua alta gestão em expandir as ações. A estrutura administrativa e acadêmica é muito rígida e dificulta o desenvolvimento das ações de EaD, em especial em termos de prazos para aprovações de projetos e relatórios. Editais da UAB têm sido abertos recentemente e projetos não têm sido enviados. O setor de apoio à EaD da instituição atua satisfatoriamente como suporte administrativo para os cursos a distância em funcionamento

Ultrasonic pilot-scale reactor for enzymatic bleaching of cotton fabrics

The potential of ultrasound-assisted technology has been demonstrated by several laboratory scale studies. However, their successful industrial scaling-up is still a challenge due to the limited pilot and commercial sonochemical reactors. In this work, a pilot reactor for laccase-hydrogen peroxide cotton bleaching assisted by ultrasound was scaled-up. For this purpose, an existing dyeing machine was transformed and adapted by including piezoelectric ultrasonic devices. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that both low frequency, high power (22 kHz, 2100 W) and high frequency, low power ultrasounds (850 kHz, 400 W) were required to achieve satisfactory results. Standard half (4 g/L H2O2 at 90 ºC for 60 min.) and optical (8 g/L H2O2 at 103 ºC for 40 min.) cotton bleaching processes were used as references. Two sequential stages were established for cotton bleaching: (1) laccase pretreatment assisted by high frequency ultrasound (850 kHz, 400 W) and (2) bleaching using high power ultrasound (22 kHz, 2100 W). When compared with conventional methods, combined laccase-hydrogen peroxide cotton bleaching with ultrasound energy improved the whitening effectiveness. Subsequently, less energy (temperature) and chemicals (hydrogen peroxide) were needed for cotton bleaching thus resulting in costs reduction. This technology allowed the combination of enzyme and hydrogen peroxide treatment in a continuous process. The developed pilot-scale reactor offers an enhancement of the cotton bleaching process with lower environmental impact as well as a better performance of further finishing operations.The author Idalina Goncalves would like to acknowledge the Cottonbleach Project (FP7-SME-2008-2; 243529-2-cottonbleach) for the funding. This work was partly supported by FEDER through POFC-COMPETE and by Portuguese funds from FCT- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the project PEst-OE/BIA/ Ul4050/2014. The author Carla Silva would like to acknowledge FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia for the Grant SFRH/ BPD/46515/2008

TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: A STILL CHALLENGE CONDITION

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a rare, under diagnosed and often confused neuropathy with other clinical entities. There is a lack of population studies on this disease. Herein, we performed a non-systematic review of articles between January 1992 and February 2018. Although with a less complex anatomy comparing to the carpal tunnel, the tarsal tunnel is source of pain and some other conditions. Treatmentinvolves conservative measures such as analgesics and physical  therapy rehabilitation or surgical procedures in case of conservative treatment failure. Randomized control studies are lack and mandatory for uncover the best modality of treatment for this condition