Efecto de tres sistemas de producción en plántulas de manchinga (Brosimun alicastrum bolivarense), para siembra a alta densidad en la región San Martín

Se puso a prueba tres sistemas de producción de plántulas, utilizando tubetes de 20 cm de longitud y bolsas de polietileno de ½ Kg con la finalidad de determinar cuan influyente son estos sobre el desarrollo fisiológico de las plántulas de Manchinga. Para ello se estableció todo un proceso metodológico que van desde la recolección de semillas, acondicionamiento del terreno, escarificación de semilla, preparación de sustrato (con tierra negra más arena fina, en proporciones de 2:1), llenados de bolsas y tubetes, siembra de semillas y trasplante de las plántulas a campo definitivo. Paralelo a ello se estableció una parcela, en el cual se realizó la siembra directa (testigo). Consecuentemente se tuvo los siguientes tratamientos: Sistema de siembra directa (T1=testigo), sistema de producción en tubetes (T2) y sistema de producción en bolsas de polietileno (T3). De ahí en adelante se realizó las evaluaciones durante cuatro meses. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron al análisis de varianza, prueba de Duncan al 5% de probabilidad y se elaboró la relación costo/beneficio de cada tratamiento. Los resultados manifiestan que el tratamiento T2 (sistema de producción en tubetes) fue el que obtuvo mejores respuestas ante todas las variables estudiadas, llegando a alcanzar promedios de 96% de germinación, 4.5 % de mortandad, 30.88 cm de altura, 0.70 cm de diámetro de tallo, 18 cm longitud de tallo, 10.33 hojas por plántula y 95% de prendimiento en campo definitivo, con un valor de Beneficio/Costo de 3.70, consiguiendo S/.224,406.00 nuevos soles de beneficio neto al año.Three systems of seedling production were tested, using 20 cm long tubes and ½ kg polyethylene bags in order to determine how influential they are on the physiological development of Manchinga seedlings. For this, a whole methodological process was established, ranging from seed collection, soil conditioning, scarification of seed, preparation of substrate (with black earth plus fine sand, in proportions of 2: 1), filled with bags and tubes, sowing of seeds and transplanting the seedlings to final field. Parallel to this a plot was established, in which the direct seeding was performed (control). Consequently, the following treatments were carried out: Direct sowing system (T1 = control), tubing production system (T2) and production system in polyethylene bags (T3). Thereafter the evaluations were carried out for four months. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, Duncan's test at 5% probability and the cost / benefit ratio of each treatment was elaborated. The results show that the treatment T2 (system of production in tubes) was the one that obtained better answers to all the variables studied, reaching averages of 96% of germination, 4.5% of mortality, 30.88 cm of height, 0.70 cm of diameter of stem, 18 cm length of stem, 10.33 leaves per seedling and 95% of yield in final field, with a value of Benefit / Cost of 3.70, obtaining S / .224,406.00 new soles of net profit per year.TesisAp

Workplace environmental conditions and life satisfaction in Spain

This paper expands the research on subjective well-being and outdoor environmental conditions by considering environmental conditions indoors. Specifically, we examine the impact on life satisfaction of self-perceived levels of air and noise pollution in the workplace. We provide a monetary valuation of these environmental conditions, using the life-satisfaction approach. Our results demonstrate that poor air quality and high noise levels in the workplace markedly diminish life satisfaction. This holds even after we control for potential endogeneity arising from simultaneity of self-perceived workplace environmental variables and life satisfaction, by employing an instrumental variable strategy

Videos con las manos: fáciles de crear, expresivos y útiles para los estudiantes

Los videos digitales tienen una presencia importante y creciente en los procesos de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, la creación de videos es una actividad compleja que consume mucho tiempo a los profesores. Por tanto, es importante analizar qué coste tiene crear videos en distintos formatos y qué utilidad tiene cada uno de ellos para el estudiante. Con ese objetivo, el trabajo presentado analiza el coste de creación y la utilidad de lo que denominamos “Videos con las manos” y se compara con otros tipos de videos (grabación de escritorio y grabación con un bolígrafo de tipo LiveScribe®). Las pruebas se han realizado con alrededor de 100 videos de distintos tipos en distintas asignaturas durante 2016. La metodología utilizada para analizar la dificultad en la creación de los distintos tipos de videos y su utilidad para los estudiantes es mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en asignaturas de física de diversas ingenierías tanto en entornos presenciales como virtuales. Los resultados indican que los videos con las manos son fáciles de crear, son útiles para los estudiantes y consiguen transmitir información no verbal.Digital videos have an important and growing presence in the learning processes. However, the creation of videos is a complex activity that consumes a lot of time to teachers. Therefore, it is important to analyze the cost of creating videos in different formats and the usefulness of each video format to the students. The presented work analyzes the cost of creation and the usefulness of what we call “Videos with your hands” and compares them with other types of videos (desktop recording and recording with a LiveScribe® pen). The tests have been made with around 100 videos of different types in different subjects during 2016. Subsequently, qualitative and quantitative techniques have been used to analyze the efforts required in the creation of the different types of videos and the usefulness of each type for students. The analysis has been conducted on Physics subjects from different degrees, both in face-to-face and virtual environments. Results indicate that hand-held videos are easy to create, are useful and provide useful non-verbal information

Cervical Electrical Neuromodulation Effectively Enhances Hand Motor Output in Healthy Subjects by Engaging a Use-Dependent Intervention

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marató de TV3 2017 (201713.31) to G.G.-A.; Premi Beca "Mike Lane" 2019-Castellers de la Vila de Gràcia to H.K.; and National Institutes of Health Grant 1R01 NS102920-01A1 to Y.G.Electrical enabling motor control (eEmc) through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation is a non-invasive method that can modify the functional state of the sensory-motor system. We hypothesize that eEmc delivery, together with hand training, improves hand function in healthy subjects more than either intervention alone by inducing plastic changes at spinal and cortical levels. Ten voluntary participants were included in the following three interventions: (i) hand grip training, (ii) eEmc, and (iii) eEmc with hand training. Functional evaluation included the box and blocks test (BBT) and hand grip maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), spinal and cortical motor evoked potential (sMEP and cMEP), and resting motor thresholds (RMT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and F wave in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. eEmc combined with hand training retained MVC and increased F wave amplitude and persistency, reduced cortical RMT and facilitated cMEP amplitude. In contrast, eEmc alone only increased F wave amplitude, whereas hand training alone reduced MVC and increased cortical RMT and SICI. In conclusion, eEmc combined with hand grip training enhanced hand motor output and induced plastic changes at spinal and cortical level in healthy subjects when compared to either intervention alone. These data suggest that electrical neuromodulation changes spinal and, perhaps, supraspinal networks to a more malleable state, while a concomitant use-dependent mechanism drives these networks to a higher functional state

Tuna-AI: tuna biomass estimation with Machine Learning models trained on oceanography and echosounder FAD data

Echo-sounder data registered by buoys attached to drifting FADs provide a very valuable source of information on populations of tuna and their behaviour. This value increases whenthese data are supplemented with oceanographic data coming from CMEMS. We use these sources to develop Tuna-AI, a Machine Learning model aimed at predicting tuna biomass under a given buoy, which uses a 3-day window of echo-sounder data to capture the daily spatio-temporal patterns characteristic of tuna schools. As the supervised signal for training, we employ more than 5000 set events with their corresponding tuna catch reported by the AGAC tuna purse seine fleet

A Morphological and Morphometric Dental Analysis as a Forensic Tool to Identify the Iberian Wolf (Canis Lupus Signatus)

Depredation by the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) is currently thought to be a problem in some areas of Spain. However, there are few technically validated forensic tools available to determine the veracity of claims with a high degree of scientific confidence, which is important given that such attacks may lead to compensation. The analysis of bite marks on attacked animals could provide scientific evidence to help identify the offender. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the morphological and morphometric characteristics of Iberian wolf dentition. This data collection would serve as a base-point for a more accurate identification of the wolves thorough their bite marks. For the first time, 36 dental variables have been studied in wolves' skulls, employing univariate and multivariate analyses. The general morphological dental characteristics of wolves are very similar in terms of their dental formula and tooth structure to other canids, like domestic dogs. Sex differentiation was evident, principally in terms of the maxillary distance between the palatal surfaces of the canine teeth (UbC) and the width of the left mandibular canine teeth (LlCWd). New morphometric reference information was obtained that can aid the forensic identification of bite marks caused by the Iberian wolf with greater confidence

Transcutaneous electrical neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord depends both on the stimulation intensity and the degree of voluntary activity for training. A pilot study

Electrical enabling motor control (eEmc) through transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation offers promise in improving hand function. However, it is still unknown which stimulus intensity or which muscle force level could be better for this improvement. Nine healthy individuals received the following interventions: (i) eEmc intensities at 80%, 90% and 110% of abductor pollicis brevis motor threshold combined with hand training consisting in 100% handgrip strength; (ii) hand training consisting in 100% and 50% of maximal handgrip strength combined with 90% eEmc intensity. The evaluations included box and blocks test (BBT), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), F wave persistency, F/M ratio, spinal and cortical motor evoked potentials (MEP), recruitment curves of spinal MEP and cortical MEP and short-interval intracortical inhibition. The results showed that: (i) 90% eEmc intensity increased BBT, MVC, F wave persistency, F/M ratio and cortical MEP recruitment curve; 110% eEmc intensity increased BBT, F wave persistency and cortical MEP and recruitment curve of cortical MEP; (ii) 100% handgrip strength training significantly modulated MVC, F wave persistency, F/M wave and cortical MEP recruitment curve in comparison to 50% handgrip strength. In conclusion, eEmc intensity and muscle strength during training both influence the results for neuromodulation at the cervical level

An approach for evaluating the bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements using edible and inedible plants—the Remance (Panama) mining area as a model

Mining affects the environment, particularly through the persistence of accumulation of tailings materials; this is aggravated under tropical climatic conditions, which favours the release of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) bioavailable to the local flora and fauna and supposing a risk to human health. The Remance gold mine (Panamá), exploited intermittently for more than 100 years, and has remained derelict for over 20 years. Within the area live farmers who carry out subsistence agriculture and livestock activities. The objective of this study has been to study the transference of PTEs in the local agricultural soil-plants system, with the goal of identifying their bioavailability to perform a human risk assessment. The results obtained of the Bioaccumulation coefficient in local plants show very weak to strong absorption of As (< 0.001–1.50), Hg (< 0.001–2.38), Sb (0.01–7.83), Cu (0.02–2.89), and Zn (0.06–5.32). In the case of Cu in grass (18.3 mg kg−1) and plants (16.9 mg kg−1) the concentrations exceed the maximum authorised value in animal nutrition for ruminants (10 mg kg−1). The risk to human health for edible plants exceeds the non-carcinogenic risk for rice, corn, cassava, and tea leaves for Sb (HQ 19.450, 18.304, 6.075, 1.830, respectively), the carcinogenic risk for Cu (CR = 2.3 × 10–3, 7.7 × 10 −4, 1.1 × 10–3, 1.0 × 10–3, respectively), and the carcinogenic risk for As in rice, corn and tea leaves (CR = 8 × 10–5, 3 × 10–5, 3 × 10–5, respectively). Urgent measures are needed to alleviate these effects.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUECRUE-CSICNational Secretary of Science and Technology (Panamá)Institute for the Training and Use of Human Resources (Panamá)Universidad de Castilla La Manchapu

The interplay of blood flow and temperature in regional hyperthermia: a mathematical approach

In recent decades, hyperthermia has been used to raise oxygenation levels in tumours undergoing other therapeutic modalities, of which radiotherapy is the most prominent one. It has been hypothesized that oxygenation increases would come from improved blood flow associated with vasodilation. However, no test has determined whether this is a relevant assumption or other mechanisms might be acting. Additionally, since hyperthermia and radiotherapy are not usually co-administered, the crucial question arises as to how temperature and perfusion in tumours will change during and after hyperthermia. Overall, it would seem necessary to find a research framework that clarifies the current knowledge, delimits the scope of the different effects and guides future research. Here, we propose a simple mathematical model to account for temperature and perfusion dynamics in brain tumours subjected to regional hyperthermia. Our results indicate that tumours in well-perfused organs like the brain might only reach therapeutic temperatures if their vasculature is highly disrupted. Furthermore, the characteristic times of return to normal temperature levels are markedly shorter than those required to deliver adjuvant radiotherapy. According to this, a mechanistic coupling of perfusion and temperature would not explain any major oxygenation boost in brain tumours immediately after hyperthermia