13,685 research outputs found
Enhancing with the -penguin
Lepton flavor violation (LFV) has been observed in neutrino oscillations. For
charged lepton FV decays only upper limits are known, but sizable branching
ratios are expected in many neutrino mass models. High scale models, such as
the classical supersymmetric seesaw, usually predict that decays are roughly a factor maller than the corresponding decays . Here we demonstrate that the -penguin diagram can give an
enhancement for decays in many extensions of the MSSM. We first
discuss why the -penguin is not dominant in the MSSM with seesaw and show
that much larger contributions from the -penguin are expected in general.
We then demonstrate the effect numerically in two example models, namely, the
supersymmetric inverse seesaw and R-parity violating supersymmetry.Comment: 5 pages; v2: minor corrections, final version to appear in PR
Structural vulnerability of Nepalese Pagoda temples
Nepal is located in one of the most severe earthquake prone areas of the world, lying between collisions of Indian to the Eurasian plate, moving continuously, resulting in frequent devastating earthquakes within this region. Moreover, different authors refer mention that the accumulated slip deficit (central seismic gap) is likely to produce large earthquakes in the future. Also, the analysis of the available information of previous earthquakes indicates the potential damage that can occurs in unreinforced traditional masonry structures in future earthquakes.
Most of the Nepalese pagoda temples were erected following very simple rules and construction details to accomplish with seismic resistance requirement, or even without any consideration for seismic resistance, during the period of Malla dynasty (1200-1768). Presently, conservation and restoration of ancient monuments are one of the major concerns in order to preserve our built heritage, transferring it to the future generations. The present paper is devoted to outline particular structural fragility characteristics in the historic Nepalese pagoda temples which affect their seismic performance. Moreover, based on the parametric analysis identified structural weaknesses/fragilities of pagoda topology, the associated traditional building technology and constructional details
Three-dimensional simulations of solar magneto-convection including effects of partial ionization
Over the last decades, realistic 3D radiative-MHD simulations have become the
dominant theoretical tool for understanding the complex interactions between
the plasma and the magnetic field on the Sun. Most of such simulations are
based on approximations of magnetohydrodynamics, without directly considering
the consequences of the very low degree of ionization of the solar plasma in
the photosphere and bottom chromosphere. The presence of large amount of
neutrals leads to a partial decoupling of the plasma and the magnetic field. As
a consequence of that, a series of non-ideal effects (ambipolar diffusion, Hall
effect and battery effect) arises. The ambipolar effect is the dominant one in
the solar chromosphere. Here we report on the first three-dimensional realistic
simulations of magneto-convection including ambipolar diffusion and battery
effects. The simulations are done using the newly developed Mancha3D code. Our
results reveal that ambipolar diffusion causes measurable effects on the
amplitudes of waves excited by convection in the simulations, on the absorption
of Poynting flux and heating and on the formation of chromospheric structures.
We provide a low limit on the chromospheric temperature increase due to the
ambipolar effect using the simulations with battery-excited dynamo fields.Comment: To appear in Astronomy & Astrophysic
Numerical simulations of quiet Sun magnetic fields seeded by Biermann battery
The magnetic fields of the quiet Sun cover at any time more than 90\% of its
surface and their magnetic energy budget is crucial to explain the thermal
structure of the solar atmosphere. One of the possible origins of these fields
is due to the action of local dynamo in the upper convection zone of the Sun.
Existing simulations of the local solar dynamo require an initial seed field,
and sufficiently high spatial resolution, in order to achieve the amplification
of the seed field to the observed values in the quiet Sun. Here we report an
alternative model of seeding based on the action of the Bierman battery effect.
This effect generates a magnetic field due to the local imbalances in electron
pressure in the partially ionized solar plasma. We show that the battery effect
self-consistently creates from zero an initial seed field of a strength of the
order of micro G, and together with dynamo amplification, allows the generation
of quiet Sun magnetic fields of a similar strength to those from solar
observations.Comment: To appear in Astronomy & Astrophysic
Ranking efficient DMUs using cooperative game theory
The problem of ranking Decision Making Units (DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been widely studied in the literature. Some of the proposed approaches use cooperative game theory as a tool to perform the ranking. In this paper, we use the Shapley value of two different cooperative games in which the players are the efficient DMUs and the characteristic function represents the increase in the discriminant power of DEA contributed by each efficient DMU. The idea is that if the efficient DMUs are not included in the modified reference sample then the efficiency score of some inefficient DMUs would be higher. The characteristic function represents, therefore, the change in the efficiency scores of the inefficient DMUs that occurs when a given coalition of efficient units is dropped from the sample. Alternatively, the characteristic function of the cooperative game can be defined as the change in the efficiency scores of the inefficient DMUs that occurs when a given coalition of efficient DMUs are the only efficient DMUs that are included in the sample. Since the two cooperative games proposed are dual games, their corresponding Shapley value coincide and thus lead to the same ranking. The more an ef- ficient DMU impacts the shape of the efficient frontier, the higher the increase in the efficiency scores of the inefficient DMUs its removal brings about and, hence, the higher its contribution to the overall discriminant power of the method. The proposed approach is illustrated on a number of datasets from the literature and compared with existing methods
Double Pion Photoproduction in Nuclei
The inclusive A(gamma,pi+ pi-)X reaction is studied theoretically. A sizeable
enhancement of the cross section is found, in comparison with the scaling of
the deuteron cross section (sigma_deuteron * A/2). This enhancement is due to
the modifications in the nuclear medium of the gamma N ----> pi pi N amplitude
and the pion dispersion relation. The enhancement is found to be bigger than
the one already observed in the (pi,pi pi) reaction in nuclei.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures (figures available from authors); TeX, Version
3.141 [PD VMS 3.4/CERN 1.0
- …