837 research outputs found
Distribution of Kingella kingae Capsular Serotypes in France Assessed by a Multiplex PCR Assay on Osteoarticular Samples
International audienceno abstrac
From Design to Production Control Through the Integration of Engineering Data Management and Workflow Management Systems
At a time when many companies are under pressure to reduce "times-to-market"
the management of product information from the early stages of design through
assembly to manufacture and production has become increasingly important.
Similarly in the construction of high energy physics devices the collection of
(often evolving) engineering data is central to the subsequent physics
analysis. Traditionally in industry design engineers have employed Engineering
Data Management Systems (also called Product Data Management Systems) to
coordinate and control access to documented versions of product designs.
However, these systems provide control only at the collaborative design level
and are seldom used beyond design. Workflow management systems, on the other
hand, are employed in industry to coordinate and support the more complex and
repeatable work processes of the production environment. Commercial workflow
products cannot support the highly dynamic activities found both in the design
stages of product development and in rapidly evolving workflow definitions. The
integration of Product Data Management with Workflow Management can provide
support for product development from initial CAD/CAM collaborative design
through to the support and optimisation of production workflow activities. This
paper investigates this integration and proposes a philosophy for the support
of product data throughout the full development and production lifecycle and
demonstrates its usefulness in the construction of CMS detectors.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure
A method to localize gamma-ray bursts using POLAR
The hard X-ray polarimeter POLAR aims to measure the linear polarization of
the 50-500 keV photons arriving from the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts
(GRBs). The position in the sky of the detected GRBs is needed to determine
their level of polarization. We present here a method by which, despite of the
polarimeter incapability of taking images, GRBs can be roughly localized using
POLAR alone. For this purpose scalers are attached to the output of the 25
multi-anode photomultipliers (MAPMs) that collect the light from the POLAR
scintillator target. Each scaler measures how many GRB photons produce at least
one energy deposition above 50 keV in the corresponding MAPM. Simulations show
that the relative outputs of the 25 scalers depend on the GRB position. A
database of very strong GRBs simulated at 10201 positions has been produced.
When a GRB is detected, its location is calculated searching the minimum of the
chi2 obtained in the comparison between the measured scaler pattern and the
database. This GRB localization technique brings enough accuracy so that the
error transmitted to the 100% modulation factor is kept below 10% for GRBs with
fluence Ftot \geq 10^(-5) erg cm^(-2) . The POLAR localization capability will
be useful for those cases where no other instruments are simultaneously
observing the same field of view.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
The electromagnetic calorimeter of the AMS-02 experiment
The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the AMS-02 experiment is a
3-dimensional sampling calorimeter, made of lead and scintillating fibers. The
detector allows for a high granularity, with 18 samplings in the longitudinal
direction, and 72 sampling in the lateral direction. The ECAL primary goal is
to measure the energy of cosmic rays up to few TeV, however, thanks to the fine
grained structure, it can also provide the separation of positrons from
protons, in the GeV to TeV region. A direct measurement of high energy photons
with accurate energy and direction determination can also be provided.Comment: Proceedings of SF2A conference 201
Sacral Fractures and Associated Injuries.
STUDY DESIGN: Literature review.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to describe the injuries associated with sacral fractures and to analyze their impact on patient outcome.
METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed to identify the injuries associated with sacral fractures.
RESULTS: Sacral fractures are uncommon injuries that result from high-energy trauma, and that, due to their rarity, are frequently underdiagnosed and mistreated. Only 5% of sacral fractures occur in isolation. Injuries most often associated with sacral fractures include neurologic injuries (present in up to 50% of sacral fractures), pelvic ring disruptions, hip and lumbar spine fractures, active pelvic/ abdominal bleeding and the presence of an open fracture or significant soft tissue injury. Diagnosis of pelvic ring fractures and fractures extending to the lumbar spine are key factors for the appropriate management of sacral fractures. Importantly, associated systemic (cranial, thoracic, and abdominopelvic) or musculoskeletal injuries should be promptly assessed and addressed. These associated injuries often dictate the management and eventual outcome of sacral fractures and, therefore, any treatment algorithm should take them into consideration.
CONCLUSIONS: Sacral fractures are complex in nature and often associated with other often-missed injuries. This review summarizes the most relevant associated injuries in sacral fractures and discusses on their appropriate management
The Development of a Universally Accepted Sacral Fracture Classification: A Survey of AOSpine and AOTrauma Members.
Study DesignâSurvey study. ObjectiveâTo determine the global perspective on controversial aspects of sacral fracture classifications. MethodsâWhile developing the AOSpine Sacral Injury Classification System, a survey was sent to all members of AOSpine and AOTrauma. The survey asked four yes-or-no questions to help determine the best way to handle controversial aspects of sacral fractures in future classifications. Chi-square tests were initially used to compare surgeons\u27 answers to the four key questions of the survey, and then the data was modeled through multivariable logistic regression analysis. ResultsâA total of 474 surgeons answered all questions in the survey. Overall 86.9% of respondents felt that the proposed hierarchical nature of injuries was appropriate, and 77.8% of respondents agreed that that the risk of neurologic injury is highest in a vertical fracture through the foramen. Almost 80% of respondents felt that the separation of injuries based on the integrity of L5-S1 facet was appropriate, and 83.8% of surgeons agreed that a nondisplaced sacral U fracture is a clinically relevant entity. ConclusionâThis study determines the global perspective on controversial areas in the injury patterns of sacral fractures and demonstrates that the development of a comprehensive and universally accepted sacral classification is possible
Ground state hyperfine structures of 43K and 44K measured by atomic beam magnetic resonance coupled with laser optical pumping
The ground state hyperfine structures of 43 K and 44K have been measured by an atomic beam magnetic resonance method in which the atoms are spin-polarized by laser optical pumping. The spectroscopic results are : Îv43( 2S1/2) = 192.648 4 (30) MHz and ÎÎœ44( 2S1/2) = - 946.718 (3) MHz. The sensitivity of our method is compared to the one achieved in classical ABMR apparatus
An Assessment of the World's Contribution to Spine Trauma Care: A Bibliometric Analysis of Classifications and Surgical Management; An AO Spine Knowledge Forum Trauma Initiative.
STUDY DESIGN
Bibliometric analysis.
OBJECTIVES
An analysis of the literature related to the assessment and management of spinal trauma was undertaken to allow the identification of top contributors, collaborations and research trends.
METHODS
A search to identify original articles published in English between 2011 and 2020 was done using specific keywords in the Web of Science database. After screening, the top 300 most cited articles were analyzed using Biblioshiny R software.
RESULTS
The highest number of contributions were from the Thomas Jefferson University, USA, University of Toronto and University of British Columbia, Canada. The top 3 most prolific authors were Vaccaro AR, Arabi B, and Oner FC. The USA and Canada were among the top contributing countries; Switzerland and Brazil had most multiple country co-authored articles. The most relevant journals were the European Spine Journal, Spine and Spine Journal. Three of the 5 most cited articles were about classification systems of fractures. The keyword analysis included clusters for different spinal regions, spinal cord injury, classification agreement and reliability studies, imaging related studies, surgical techniques and outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The study identified the most impactful authors and affiliations, and determined the journals where most impactful research is published in the field. Study also compared the productivity and collaborations across countries. The study highlighted the impact of development of new classification systems, and identified research trends including instrumentation, fixation and decompression techniques, epidemiology and recovery after spinal trauma
Detector Construction Management and Quality Control: Establishing and Using a CRISTAL System
The CRISTAL (Cooperating Repositories and an Information System for Tracking
Assembly Lifecycles) project is delivering a software system to facilitate the
management of the engineering data collected at each stage of production of
CMS. CRISTAL captures all the physical characteristics of CMS components as
each sub-detector is tested and assembled. These data are retained for later
use in areas such as detector slow control, calibration and maintenance.
CRISTAL must, therefore, support different views onto its data dependent on the
role of the user. These data viewpoints are investigated in this paper. In the
recent past two CMS Notes have been written about CRISTAL. The first note, CMS
1996/003, detailed the requirements for CRISTAL, its relationship to other CMS
software, its objectives and reviewed the technology on which it would be
based. CMS 1997/104 explained some important design concepts on which CRISTAL
is and showed how CRISTAL integrated the domains of product data man- agement
and workflow management. This note explains, through the use of diagrams, how
CRISTAL can be established for detector production and used as the information
source for analyses, such as calibration and slow controls, carried out by
physicists. The reader should consult the earlier CMS Notes and conference
papers for technical detail on CRISTAL - this note concentrates on issues
surrounding the practical use of the CRISTAL software.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figure
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