Secretory granule neuroendocrine protein 1 (SGNE1) genetic variation and glucose intolerance in severe childhood and adult obesity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>7B2 is a regulator/activator of the prohormone convertase 2 which is involved in the processing of numerous neuropeptides, including insulin, glucagon and pro-opiomelanocortin. We have previously described a suggestive genetic linkage peak with childhood obesity on chr15q12-q14, where the 7B2 encoding gene, <it>SGNE1 </it>is located. The aim of this study is to analyze associations of <it>SGNE1 </it>genetic variation with obesity and metabolism related quantitative traits.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We screened <it>SGNE1 </it>for genetic variants in obese children and genotyped 12 frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Case control analyses were performed in 1,229 obese (534 children and 695 adults), 1,535 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 1,363 controls, all French Caucasians. We also studied 4,922 participants from the D.E.S.I.R prospective population-based cohort.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We did not find any association between <it>SGNE1 </it>SNPs and childhood or adult obesity. However, the 5' region SNP -1,701A>G associated with higher area under glucose curve after oral glucose tolerance test (p = 0.0005), higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.005) and lower insulinogenic index (p = 0.0003) in obese children. Similar trends were found in obese adults. SNP -1,701A>G did not associate with risk of T2D but tends to associate with incidence of type 2 diabetes (HR = 0.75 95%CI [0.55–1.01]; p = 0.06) in the prospective cohort.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>SGNE1 </it>genetic variation does not contribute to obesity and common forms of T2D but may worsen glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, especially in the background of severe and early onset obesity. Further molecular studies are required to understand the molecular bases involved in this process.</p

What Does Ecological Farming Mean for Farm Labour?

Summary: Ecological farming, such as organic and low‐input farming, is gaining popularity in the public discourse. One question is how this type of farming may impact farm labour from a socio‐economic point of view. The article first discusses how low‐input farming practices (i.e. with lower reliance on inputs derived from fossil fuels) may affect the economic returns to labour, measured as the farm’s revenue per hour of labour input, on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2004‐‐2015 for four European countries. Returns to labour appear to be highest at the two extremes – very low‐input farms and highly intensive farms. Farms in the low‐input end of the spectrum are in the minority, while the overwhelming majority of farms are intensive and have internal economic incentives to intensify further. The article also analyses how working conditions differ between organic and conventional dairy farms in two European countries based on interviews with farmers in 2019. Results show that all dimensions of working conditions are affected by being an organic farm or not, but this is not the only factor. There are many influences on working conditions, such as the production context and workforce composition

What Does Ecological Farming Mean for Farm Labour?

Summary: Ecological farming, such as organic and low‐input farming, is gaining popularity in the public discourse. One question is how this type of farming may impact farm labour from a socio‐economic point of view. The article first discusses how low‐input farming practices (i.e. with lower reliance on inputs derived from fossil fuels) may affect the economic returns to labour, measured as the farm’s revenue per hour of labour input, on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2004‐‐2015 for four European countries. Returns to labour appear to be highest at the two extremes – very low‐input farms and highly intensive farms. Farms in the low‐input end of the spectrum are in the minority, while the overwhelming majority of farms are intensive and have internal economic incentives to intensify further. The article also analyses how working conditions differ between organic and conventional dairy farms in two European countries based on interviews with farmers in 2019. Results show that all dimensions of working conditions are affected by being an organic farm or not, but this is not the only factor. There are many influences on working conditions, such as the production context and workforce composition

Note sur le Bugtong

2. Jean-Louis Veslot memberi beberapa pendjelasan tentang bugtong, sematjam teka-teki bersadjak jang sangat terkenal di daerah Tagalog.2. Jean-Louis Veslot gives a short account of the bugtong, a sort of rhyming very popular among the Tagalog.Veslot Jean-Louis. Note sur le Bugtong. In: Archipel, volume 2, 1971. pp. 101-103

Solving on line independent set by coloring vertices

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Universités et revues de sciences humaines aux Philippines

II. 1) Dalam bab "Notes-Documents" Jean-Louis Veslot lebih dahulu memberikan pandangan sekilas tentang universitas-universitas Filipina, sebelum menjampaikan daftar tentang madjalah2 Ilmu Sosial-Budaja jang terbit umumnja berkat inisiatip universitas2 itu sendiri. Meskipun daftar madjalah2 itu tidak diberikan dengan tjatatan lengkap Veslot menjampaikan keterangan2 tentang artikel8 jang paling menarik dan ini membuktikan adanja kegiatan riset di Filipina.1) In the chapter Notes-Documents, Jean Louis Veslot gives first a bird's eye view of Philippino universities, and then makes an inventory of the existing social science reviews often due to initiative of these same universities. The enumeration, if it does not pretend to be exhaustive, gives, with indication of the most interesting articles which might have appeared there, a list of the more important reviews which attest to the vitality of research in the Philippines.Veslot Jean-Louis. Universités et revues de sciences humaines aux Philippines. In: Archipel, volume 1, 1971. pp. 59-65

Does the diversity of the French territories impact farms keeping equines?

International audienc

Les exploitants agricoles avec équins, des références pour les structures de la filière équine ?

International audienc