Інноваційна діяльність через впровадження технопарків

Досвід усього світу показує, що економічне зростання країн вже давно базується на використанні сфери знань і високих технологій, а їх ефективне поєднання гарантує прогресивний розвиток нації та людства. Однією з найбільш вдалих форм такої інтеграції є технопарки. Саме тому розвитку технопарків на сьогоднішній день приділяють увагу вчені та економісти. Основною метою статті є інноваційна діяльність через впровадження технологічних парків, їх призначення та вплив на розвиток країни

Effect of ALA supplementation on prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations (ng/mL) of 1622 male patients.

<p>Values are means (95% confidence interval). ALA = alpha linolenic acid, EPA = eicosapentanoic acid = EPA, DHA = docosahexanoic acid. For the two comparisons of ALA vs. placebo the test of heterogeneity was non-significant (Q-value 0.054; I-squared 0.000; P = 0.82), similar to the comparisons of EPA-DHA vs. placebo (Q-value 0.052; I-squared 0.000; P = 0.82).</p

Plasma carotenoids, Vitamin C, tocopherols, and retinol and the risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort

Background: Carotenoids and vitamin C are thought to be associated with reduced cancer risk because of their antioxidative capacity. Objective: This study evaluated the associations of plasma carotenoid, retinol, tocopherol, and vitamin C concentrations and risk of breast cancer. Design: In a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 1502 female incident breast cancer cases were included, with an oversampling of premenopausal (n = 582) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER2) cases (n = 462). Controls (n = 1502) were individually matched to cases by using incidence density sampling. Prediagnostic samples were analyzed for α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, retinol, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and vitamin C. Breast cancer risk was computed according to hormone receptor status and age at diagnosis (proxy for menopausal status) by using conditional logistic regression and was further stratified by smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results: In quintile 5 compared with quintile 1, α-carotene (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98) and β-carotene (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.65) were inversely associated with risk of ER2 breast tumors. The other analytes were not statistically associated with ER2 breast cancer. For estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors, no statistically significant associations were found. The test for heterogeneity between ER2 and ER+ tumors was statistically significant only for β-carotene (P-heterogeneity = 0.03). A higher risk of breast cancer was found for retinol in relation to ER2/progesterone receptor-negative tumors (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.67; P-heterogeneity with ER+/progesterone receptor positive = 0.06). We observed no statistically significant interaction between smoking, alcohol, or BMI and all investigated plasma analytes (based on tertile distribution). Conclusion: Our results indicate that higher concentrations of plasma β-carotene and α-carotene are associated with lower breast cancer risk of ER2 tumors