National Innovation Systems in Selected EU Countries

Import 05/08/2014Diplomová práce je zaměřena na problematiku inovací v Evropské unii. Cílem práce je analýza systémů podpory inovací u vybraného vzorku zemí Evropské unie, včetně jejich srovnání s Českou republikou. Práce je rozdělena do tří hlavních částí. První část práce obsahuje obecnou definici pojmu inovace, představuje současnou inovační politiku Evropské unie, uvádí základní dokumenty současné podpory inovací přijatých Evropskou unií a nastiňuje způsoby měření inovační výkonnosti. Druhá část je věnována samotné analýze jednotlivých inovačních systémů vybraných zemí EU. Charakterizuje jejich systémy podpory inovací včetně nástrojů a strategických dokumentů, které tyto země využívají k fungování těchto systémů. Třetí část je zaměřena na analýzu inovačního systému České republiky a její srovnaní s vybranými zeměmi EU.This diploma thesis is focused on innovation in the European Union. The aim of this work is analysis of innovation systems in selected European Union countries, including their comparison with the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided to three main parts. The first part contains a general definition of innovation, represents a current innovation policy of the European Union, provides information about the basic documents adopted by the European Union in this area and outlines ways to measure innovation performance in EU. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of individual innovation systems in selected countries of the EU. Characterize their systems of innovation support, including tools and strategic documents which these countries use for the functioning of these systems. The third part focuses on the analysis of the innovation system in the Czech Republic and her comparison with selected countries of the EU.120 - Katedra evropské integracevelmi dobř

Ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated matrices discharged into the ecosystem

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá posouzením ekotoxicity různých matric kontaminovaných v důsledku antropogenní činnosti a vnášených do ekosystému. Jedná se zejména o odpadní materiál různého původu; stavební, průmyslový, energetický, biodegradabilní a další. Pro experimentální účely byly vybrány čistírenské kaly jako velkoobjemový odpad s neustále se zvyšující produkcí. Kaly byly testovány z pohledu nejčastějšího způsobu jejich využití - aplikace na zemědělské půdě. Legislativně je toto nakládání omezeno pouze mezními hodnotami koncentrací rizikových prvků. Z toho důvodu byla hodnocena potenciální ekotoxicita kalů, neboť chemická analýza sama o sobě není schopna predikovat účinky na živé organismy. Ekotoxikologické hodnocení bylo provedeno prostřednictvím kontaktních biotestů. Jako testovací organismy byly vybrány živočišné organismy Eisenia foetida, Folsomia candida, Heterocypris incongruens a rostlina Lactuca sativa. Testovány byly kaly z ČOV Brno - Modřice, Valtice, Mikulov a Lednice. Při dodržení aplikační dávek stanovených vyhláškou, nevykazovaly vzorky kalů ekotoxicitu. Naopak lze usuzovat, že půdy obohacené kaly příznivě ovlivňují biotu půdního ekosytému.This diploma thesis evaluates the influence of contaminated matrices introduced into the ecosystem in terms of ecotoxicity. It is focused mainly on matrix generated by anthropogenic activities, especially waste of various origin - industrial, energetical, biodegradable and more. For experimental purposes sewage sludge as the bulk waste with the ever-increasing production was selected. Sewage sludge was tested at its most common use - application on the agricultural land. This application is limited by legislative through the concentration limits of hazardous elements. For this reason, the potential ecotoxicity of sludge was evaluated. Ecotoxicological evaluation was performed using the contact bioassays. As the test organisms Eisenia foetida, Folsomia candida, Heterocypris incongruens a plant Lactuca sativa were selected. Sludge from wastewater treatment plants Brno - Modřice, Valtice, Mikulov and Lednice was tested. Samples of sewage sludge showed no ecotoxicity, while respecting the application amount established by the regulation. On the contrary, it can be concluded that soils enriched by sewage sludge show positive effect on soil biota.

Testing various imaging methods in assessment of hyoid bone fractures

In the field of forensic anthropology, the hyoid bone provides important evidence on victim’s biological profile (e.g., sex or age at death) and on potential foul play, because in addition to accidental (e.g., traffic accidents, medical-rescue interventions), and self-inflicted traumas (e.g., hanging), hyoid fractures have been vastly documented in assaulted injuries (e.g., manual or ligature strangulations). Still, an unbiased diagnosis of perimortem damage can be problematic as hyoid fractures frequently occur postmortem when a laryngeal region is being harvested and examined at autopsy. The aims of the present study was to explore characteristics of peri- and post-mortem fractures in hyoid bones by a variety of available examination techniques. The studied material consisted of selected fractured hyoid bones with documented demographic profiles and mechanisms of damage. Characteristics of the observed fractures (e.g., hyoid shape, fracture angle and surface characteristics of the fracture line) were assessed on a macroscopic level using traditional and advanced approaches (macro-photography, 3D laser scanning). Furthemore, micro-CT, RTG and SEM imaging methods were employed to examine damaged regions on a microscopic level. Special attention was given to the distinctions between peri- and post-mortem fractures by observing the cortical bone microstructure (as viewed on raw CT images, and generated 3D digital models) as the bone tissue properties are believed to reflect the mechanism of damage substantially. The acquired results provide an important insight into potentials and limitations of currently available imaging techniques employable in the course of assessing hyoid bone fractures in the framework of physical and forensic anthropology

The assessment of the semicircular canals and cochlea of the human bony labyrinth using imaging techniques

The human bony labyrinth is an inner ear structure located inside the pyramid of the temporal bone that encloses the organs of sound perception and balance. As one of the most resistant skeletal elements in human body, the pyramid is frequently uncovered in a good state of preservation. Until recently, research of the human bony labyrinth had been restricted exclusively to irreversibly invasive techniques. Due to this invasiveness, literature on morphological variation has been scarce and many questions regarding population, age or sex-related differences are yet to be answered. The studied sample of pyramids originated from Dětkovice - Za zahradama Site (Czech Republic) dated to 1000’s and 1100’s A.D. All elements were examined using an X-ray Carestream Xtreme device and a cone-beam CT unit. In digital X-ray images, linear distance of the semicircular canals and cochlear diameter were measured in ImageJ program. CT images were first processed to generate 3D digital models, which were subsequently studied using a newly established PC-aided approach employing measuring functionalities available in GOM Inspect program. Altogether 39 variables were proposed in order to describe shape and size variation in the semicircular canals. Acquired measurements were confronted and tested against individual's demographic data determined based on corresponding skeletal elements and burial attributes. The results showed small to none sex-related and body side-specific differences. Still, statistically significant differences were shown between sub-adults and adults. They were particularly evident in size variables of the lumens of the lateral and posterior semicircular canal, where larger values for adults were provided. This indicates a widening of the canals during growth by the resorption in the vicinity of the canals. The acquired results contribute to our comprehension of the development of inner ear structures and demonstrate the potential of the employment of non-invasive approaches when examining human skeletal remains

High CXCR3 on leukemic cells distinguishes IgHV(mut) from IgHV(unmut) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Evidence from CD5(high) and CD5(low) clones

Despite the shared pattern of surface antigens, neoplastic cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are highly heterogeneous in CD5 expression, a marker linked to a proliferative pool of neoplastic cells. To further characterize CD5(high) and CD5(low) neoplastic cells, we assessed the chemokine receptors (CCR5, CCR7, CCR10, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5) and adhesion molecules (CD54, CD62L, CD49d) on the CD5(high)and CD5(low) subpopulations, defined by CD5/CD19 coexpression, in peripheral blood of CLL patients (n=60) subgrouped according to the IgHV mutational status (IgHV(mut),n=24;IgHV(unmut),n=36). CD5(high) subpopulation showed a high percentage of CXCR3 (P<0.001), CCR10 (P=0.001), and CD62L (P=0.031) and high levels of CXCR5 (P=0.005), CCR7 (P=0.013) compared to CD5(low) cells expressing high CXCR4 (P<0.001). Comparing IgHV(mut) and IgHV(unmut)patients, high levels of CXCR3 on CD5(high) and CD5(low) subpopulations were detected in theIgHV(mut) patients, with better discrimination in CD5(low) subpopulation. Levels of CXCR3 on CD5(low) subpopulation were associated with time to the next treatment, thus further confirming its prognostic value. Taken together, our analysis revealed higher CXCR3 expression on both CD5(high) and CD5(low) neoplastic cells inIgHV(mut) with a better prognosis compared to IgHV(unmut) patients. Contribution of CXCR3 to CLL pathophysiology and its suitability for prognostication and therapeutic exploitation deserves future investigations.Web of Science2020art. no. 708426

<i>DELAY OF GERMINATION 1</i> mediates a conserved coat-dormancy mechanism for the temperature- and gibberellin-dependent control of seed germination

Seed germination is an important life-cycle transition because it determines subsequent plant survival and reproductive success. To detect optimal spatiotemporal conditions for germination, seeds act as sophisticated environmental sensors integrating information such as ambient temperature. Here we show that the DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) gene, known for providing dormancy adaptation to distinct environments, determines the optimal temperature for seed germination. By reciprocal gene-swapping experiments between Brassicaceae species we show that the DOG1-mediated dormancy mechanism is conserved. Biomechanical analyses showthat thismechanism regulates the material properties of the endosperm, a seed tissue layer acting as germination barrier to control coat dormancy. We found that DOG1 inhibits the expression of gibberellin (GA)-regulated genes encoding cell-wall remodeling proteins in a temperature-dependent manner. Furthermore we demonstrate that DOG1 causes temperature-dependent alterations in the seed GA metabolism. These alterations in hormone metabolism are brought about by the temperature-dependent differential expression of genes encoding key enzymes of the GA biosynthetic pathway. These effects of DOG1 lead to a temperature-dependent control of endosperm weakening and determine the optimal temperature for germination. The conserved DOG1-mediated coat-dormancymechanismprovides a highly adaptable temperature-sensing mechanism to control the timing of germination.</p

Home care from a health social point of view

This extended essay deals in more detail with the organizations which give only health home care for their clients. It is a special form of the health care given to a patient at his home and paid by the state within the framework of public health insurance. During the visits, the patient is treated or rehabilitated by a gualified nurse. All the treatments are put into effect according to the treating doctor´s indications who has called for this care form. Although the questions is a health services, we can see a social influence here, too when the patient and his relations to the people round him are influenced as well. Nowadays. great numbers as state in the Czech Republic. In the first theoretical part, the attention is paid to a history of home care, a definition of basic words and a detailed specification of agency activities. Basides, the clients the services was inicated for are noticed here, too. It also concerns their state of health and social relations to the people around them and the surroundings. The data obtained from my own research are stated in the practical part. This research was carried out by a quntitative method with several techniques of a run interview and a secondary analysis of data in a set of some chosen patients living in the northern part of the Pilsen Region and agencies being situated in that area. The aim of my extended essay is to evaluated a social influence of home care on a patient and to point out the most frequent diagnoses it has been indicated for

Analysis of selected mobile applications which are supporting exercise activities

Hlavním cílem práce je analyzovat využití mobilních aplikací, které slouží k zaznamenávání pohybové aktivity u studentů Technické univerzity v Liberci (TUL). V práci je rozebrán pojem pohybová aktiva a mobilní aplikace z obecného hlediska. Následně je zhotoven přehled dostupných mobilních aplikací, které slouží k zaznamenávání pohybové aktivity. Díky zhotovení anketního šetření, které bylo distribuováno mezi studenty TUL je v závěru upozorněno na silné a slabé stránky jednotlivých aplikací a následné doporučení pro praxi, které může být využito vývojáři těchto aplikací.The aim of this thesis is to analyze use of mobile applications, which are meant for monitoring of physical activity, by students of Technical University of Liberec (TUL). Thesis deals with concept of physical activity and mobile applications and in advance it contains list of available mobile applications, which are made for purpose of monitoring of physical activity. Thesis also points out a strong and weak sides of these applications and then offers a reccomendations for future practise