ILUSTRAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA REPRESENTAÇÃO DE ISÓPODES PARASITAS

Isopods are ectoparasitic crustaceans of marine and freshwater fish with diverse morphology where taxonomic studies involve a series of methods for collection, fixation and techniques for illustrating the species. These methods are applied in a series of studies involving ecology, distribution, biodiversity and morphology. However, approaches from the perspective of scientific illustration are often lacking in the study of parasitic isopods. This study provides a background on the illustration of these organisms by observing published works and presents the application of mixed color technique in the illustration of these invertebrates. This study combined information from the literature and ichthyoparasitological studies involving taxonomy and scientific illustration. The history of isopod illustrations revealed that some older illustrations present greater visual and scientific elaboration compared to some recent ones, despite presenting greater taxonomic and visually less attractive elements, such as the application of pointillism and finishing of the isopod body, demonstrating that it is crucial to combine scientific knowledge and mastery of the illustrative technique. The illustrations of isopods demonstrate the effectiveness of mixed techniques, allowing overlapping of materials, didactics in the rigorous taxonomic view, highlighting the color preserving morphological aspects, in addition to rescuing a similarity to the first descriptions in colors from 1800-1900. This work is the first to describe a history of scientific representations of parasitic isopods over time and to present the mixed technique as a possibility of scientific illustration for this taxonomic group.Los isópodos son crustáceos ectoparásitos de peces marinos y de agua dulce con morfología diversa, donde los estudios taxonómicos involucran una serie de métodos de recolección, fijación y técnicas de ilustración de la especie. Estos métodos se aplican en una serie de estudios que involucran ecología, distribución, biodiversidad y morfologia; sin embargo, faltan enfoques desde la perspectiva de la ilustración científica en el estudio de los isópodos parásitos. Este estudio proporciona antecedentes sobre la ilustración de estos organismos mediante la observación de trabajos publicados y presenta la aplicación de la técnica de color mixto en la ilustración de estos invertebrados. Este estudio combinó información de la literatura y estudios de ictioparasitología que involucran taxonomía e ilustración científica. La historia de las ilustraciones de isópodos reveló que algunas ilustraciones más antiguas presentan una mayor elaboración visual y científica en comparación con algunas recientes, a pesar de presentar elementos taxonómicos mayores y visualmente menos atractivos, como la aplicación del puntillismo y el acabado del cuerpo del isópodo, demostrando que es crucial combinar el conocimiento científico y el dominio de la técnica ilustrativa. Las ilustraciones de los isópodos demuestran la eficacia de la técnica mixta, permitiendo la superposición de materiales, didáctica en la rigurosa vista taxonómica, resaltando el color conservando aspectos morfológicos, además de rescatar una similitud con las primeras descripciones en colores de 1800-1900. Este trabajo es el primero en describir una historia de las representaciones científicas de los isópodos parásitos a lo largo del tiempo y en presentar la técnica mixta como una posibilidad de ilustración científica para este grupo taxonómico.Isópodes são crustáceos ectoparasitas de peixes marinhos e dulcícolas com morfologia diversificada onde os estudos taxonômicos envolvem uma série de métodos para coleta, fixação e técnicas para ilustração das espécies. Esses métodos são aplicados em uma serie de estudos envolvendo ecologia, distribuição, biodiversidade e morfologia, entretanto abordagens na perspectiva da ilustração científica são inexistentes no estudo de isópodes parasitas. Este estudo fornece um histórico sobre a ilustração desses organismos observando trabalhos publicados e apresenta a aplicação da técnica mista em cores na ilustração desses invertebrados. O estudo combinou informações da literatura e estudos de ictioparasitologia envolvendo taxonomia e ilustração científica. A história das ilustrações isópodes revelou que algumas ilustrações mais antigas apresentam maior elaboração visual e científica em comparação com algumas recentes, apesar de apresentarem maiores elementos taxonômicos e visualmente menos atrativas, como a aplicação do pontilhismo e acabamento do corpo dos isópodes, demonstrando ser crucial combinar o conhecimento científico e o domínio da técnica ilustrativa. As ilustrações dos isópodes demonstram a eficácia da técnica mista, permitindo sobreposição de materiais, didática na visão taxonômica rigorosa, destaque para cor preservando aspectos morfológicos, além de resgatar uma semelhança as primeiras descrições em cores de 1800-1900. Esse trabalho é o primeiro descrever um histórico sobre representações científicas de isópodes parasitas ao longo do tempo e apresentar a técnica mista como possibilidade de ilustração científica para esse grupo taxonômico. a

Schistosomiasis mansoni in urban Northeast Brazil: influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria sp.

Introduction Our objective was to evaluate the influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria in a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis in Aracaju, Brazil, during 2009-2010. Methods Snails were collected monthly and were counted, measured and identified; the level of infection and fecal contamination at the sampling sites was determined; rainfall data were obtained. Results High levels of fecal contamination were observed, and the abundance of Biomphalaria glabrata increased during the rainy and post-rainy seasons. The snails' size was variable, and infected snails were identified independently of rainfall. Conclusions These results provide evidence of anthropogenic and climate interference in an urban focus of schistosomiasis in the Aracaju metropolitan area.65465

Management of parasitic infections in pigs in the Brazilian Agreste

Introduction: In northeastern Brazil, pig farming is difficult due to local climatic conditions, food costs and parasitic infections. Objective:  to estimate the prevalence of enteroparasitic infections in pig farms in the state of Sergipe and to evaluate the influence of factors related to production systems on parasitic infection. Methods: Faecal samples from 588 pigs were analysed, and the management conditions of the farms between September 2013 and November 2014 were evaluated. Results: Of the analysed pigs, 47.62% had some enteroparasite species; the most prevalent protozoa were Balantidium coli (26.19%) and Eimeria sp. (15.48%), and among the helminths, Strongyloidea (14.46%) and Ascaris suum (13.95%) were the most prevalent. The prevalence of enteroparasites in Sergipe pigs is a consequence of factors associated with the management of farms: lack of technical assistance, administration of antiparasitic agents and type of feed. Conclusion: The results obtained contribute to the construction of the epidemiological picture of enteroparasites in pigs raised in the state of Sergipe, as well as help in its control and prevention.Introducción: En el Nordeste brasileño, la cría de cerdos es difícil debido a las condiciones climáticas locales, costos de alimentos e infecciones parasitarias. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de infecciones enteroparasitarias en granjas porcinas del estado de Sergipe y evaluar la influencia de factores relacionados con los sistemas de producción sobre la infección parasitaria. Métodos: Se analizaron muestras fecales de 588 cerdos y se evaluaron las condiciones de manejo de la granja entre septiembre de 2013 y noviembre de 2014. Resultados: De los cerdos analizados, el 47,62% presentó algún tipo de enteroparásito; los protozoos más prevalentes fueron Balantidium coli (26,19%) y Eimeria sp. (15,48%) y entre los helmintos, Strongyloidea (14,46%) y Ascaris suum (13,95%). La prevalencia de enteroparásitos en cerdos en Sergipe es consecuencia de factores asociados al manejo de la granja: falta de asistencia técnica, administración de antiparasitarios y tipo de alimento. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen para la construcción del cuadro epidemiológico de los enteroparásitos en cerdos criados en el estado de Sergipe, además de ayudar en su control y prevención.Introdução: No Nordeste brasileiro, a criação de suínos é desenvolvida com dificuldades, devido às condições climáticas locais, gastos com alimentação e infecções parasitárias. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de infecções enteroparasitárias em granjas de suínos no estado de Sergipe e avaliar a influência de fatores relacionados aos sistemas de produção na infecção parasitária. Métodos: Foram analisadas amostras fecais de 588 suínos e avaliadas as condições de manejo das granjas entre setembro de 2013 e novembro de 2014. Resultados: Dos suínos analisados, 47,62% apresentavam alguma espécie de enteroparasita; os protozoários mais prevalentes foram Balantidium coli (26,19%) e Eimeria sp. (15,48%) e dentre os helmintos, Strongyloidea (14,46%) e Ascaris suum (13,95%). A prevalência de enteroparasitas em suínos sergipanos é consequência de fatores associados ao manejo das granjas: falta de assistência técnica, administração de antiparasitários e tipo de ração. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a construção do quadro epidemiológico das enteroparasitas em suínos criados no estado de Sergipe, bem como auxiliam no seu controle e prevenção

Triatomines in dwellings and outbuildings in an endemic area of Chagas disease in northeastern Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The present study identified the triatomines collected in intra and peri-domestic environments, observed the occurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomines and correlated this information with housing conditions and the fauna associated with the rural areas of the City of Itabaianinha, located in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: Quarterly visits were conducted between March 2009 and March 2010, and the homes to be visited for the active search of insects were determined by random selection. In each housing unit, the insects were collected by a manual search with a metal clip and flashlight to inspect openings and cavities, with a collection time of one hour/home/individual. The Pirisa® dislodge chemical was used to force the insects to leave their ecotopes. Analysis of the intestinal contents of triatomines was performed in the laboratory to establish the presence of Trypanosomatidae. RESULTS: Of the 103 dwellings surveyed, 17.5% were infested with Panstrongylus megistus. The village of Mutuca exhibited the highest infestation rate (38.1%). All the villages with relevant infestation rates were situated in the northern area of the city. The highest percentage of vector infection was found in the village of Água Boa (56.5%). The rural dwellings were found to be primarily brick or wooden house with or without roughcast or plastered walls, and the outbuilding most frequently associated with triatomines was the chicken run. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasise the need for broader vector control and surveillance and for educational campaigns in the context of the Chagas Disease Control Program

Sesquiterpenes evaluation on schistosoma mansoni: survival, excretory system and membrane integrity

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQThe main challenge in schistosomiasis control has been the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. Since the 1970 tm)s, praziquantel (PZQ) is the single drug for treatment. This fact highlights the importance to research news chemotherapeutic agents. In th90813820COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQsem informação404134/2012-2This research received financial support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Supeior (CAPES) e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq) (MCTI/Cnpq/MS-SCTIE DECIT N. 404134/2012-2

Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) parasitando peixes capturados em Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil

This study reports on Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) from the fish species Lutjanus analis, Bagre marinus, Aspistor luniscutis and Lutjanus jocu, which were caught in Aracaju, state of Sergipe, Brazil. The parasites formed oval plasmodia around the esophagus of L. analis, and elongated plasmodia inside the skeletal muscle of B. marinus, A. luniscutis and L. jocu. Host myoliquefaction was not observed in all the cases studied. The current study provides a morphological and morphometric description of each parasite as well as a comparison with all the species described worldwide. Lack of molecular data impaired specific identification of the parasites. The importance of these parasites is discussed and the need for further studies on infections in Brazilian fish is emphasized because of the high economic impact of some Kudoa species which cause liquefaction in hosts’ muscles and render these fish unsuitable for consumption.Este estudo relata Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) de espécies de peixes Lutjanus analis, Bagre marinus, Aspistor luniscutis e Lutjanus jocu que foram capturados na costa litorânea de Aracaju, Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Os parasitas formavam plasmódios ovais rodeando o esófago em L. analis, enquanto que nas espécies B. marinus, A. luniscutis e L. jocu formavam plasmódios alongados no interior das fibras musculares. Fenômenos de liquefação do músculo do hospedeiro não foram observados. O presente estudo proporciona uma descrição morfológica e morfométrica de cada parasita, sendo feita uma comparação com todas as espécies conhecidas em todo mundo. A inexistência de dados moleculares prejudica a identificação específica dos parasitas. A importância destes parasitas é discutida e a necessidade de mais estudos relacionados a infecções em peixes brasileiros é enfatizada por causa do alto impacto econômico de algumas espécies de Kudoa que causam liquefação nos músculos dos hospedeiros e tornam estes peixes impróprios para consumo

Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) parasitizing fish caught in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

Abstract This study reports on Kudoa spp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) from the fish species Lutjanus analis, Bagre marinus, Aspistor luniscutis and Lutjanus jocu, which were caught in Aracaju, state of Sergipe, Brazil. The parasites formed oval plasmodia around the esophagus of L. analis, and elongated plasmodia inside the skeletal muscle of B. marinus, A. luniscutis and L. jocu. Host myoliquefaction was not observed in all the cases studied. The current study provides a morphological and morphometric description of each parasite as well as a comparison with all the species described worldwide. Lack of molecular data impaired specific identification of the parasites. The importance of these parasites is discussed and the need for further studies on infections in Brazilian fish is emphasized because of the high economic impact of some Kudoa species which cause liquefaction in hosts’ muscles and render these fish unsuitable for consumption

Schistosomiasis mansoni in urban Northeast Brazil: influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria sp.

Introduction Our objective was to evaluate the influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria in a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis in Aracaju, Brazil, during 2009-2010. Methods Snails were collected monthly and were counted, measured and identified; the level of infection and fecal contamination at the sampling sites was determined; rainfall data were obtained. Results High levels of fecal contamination were observed, and the abundance of Biomphalaria glabrata increased during the rainy and post-rainy seasons. The snails' size was variable, and infected snails were identified independently of rainfall. Conclusions These results provide evidence of anthropogenic and climate interference in an urban focus of schistosomiasis in the Aracaju metropolitan area