The singular molecular conformation of humic acids in solution influences their ability to enhance root hydraulic conductivity and plant growth

Some studies have reported that the capacity of humic substances to improve plant growth is dependent on their ability to increase root hydraulic conductivity. It was proposed that this effect is directly related to the structural conformation in solution of these substances. To study this hypothesis, the effects on root hydraulic conductivity and growth of cucumber plants of a sedimentary humic acid and two polymers-polyacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol-presenting a molecular conformation in water solution different from that of the humic acid have been studied. The results show that whereas the humic acid caused an increase in root hydraulic conductivity and plant growth, both the polyacrylic acid and the polyethylene glycol did not modify plant growth and caused a decrease in root hydraulic conductivity. These results can be explained by the different molecular conformation in water solution of the three molecular systems. The relationships between these biological effects and the molecular conformation of the three molecular systems in water solution are discussed.Fil: Olaetxea, Maite. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Mora, Maria Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Baigorri, Roberto. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Zamarreño, Angel M.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: García-Mina, Jose M.. Universidad de Navarra; Españ

Caveolin Transfection Results in Caveolae Formation but Not Apical Sorting of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored Proteins in Epithelial Cells

Most epithelial cells sort glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins to the apical surface. The “raft” hypothesis, based on data mainly obtained in the prototype cell line MDCK, postulates that apical sorting depends on the incorporation of apical proteins into cholesterol/glycosphingolipid (GSL) rafts, rich in the cholesterol binding protein caveolin/VIP21, in the Golgi apparatus. Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells constitute an ideal model to test this hypothesis, since they missort both endogenous and transfected GPI- anchored proteins to the basolateral plasma membrane and fail to incorporate them into cholesterol/glycosphingolipid clusters. Because FRT cells lack caveolin, a major component of the caveolar coat that has been proposed to have a role in apical sorting of GPI- anchored proteins (Zurzolo, C., W. Van't Hoff, G. van Meer, and E. Rodriguez-Boulan. 1994. EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.] J. 13:42–53.), we carried out experiments to determine whether the lack of caveolin accounted for the sorting/clustering defect of GPI- anchored proteins. We report here that FRT cells lack morphological caveolae, but, upon stable transfection of the caveolin1 gene (cav1), form typical flask-shaped caveolae. However, cav1 expression did not redistribute GPI-anchored proteins to the apical surface, nor promote their inclusion into cholesterol/GSL rafts. Our results demonstrate that the absence of caveolin1 and morphologically identifiable caveolae cannot explain the inability of FRT cells to sort GPI-anchored proteins to the apical domain. Thus, FRT cells may lack additional factors required for apical sorting or for the clustering with GSLs of GPI-anchored proteins, or express factors that inhibit these events. Alternatively, cav1 and caveolae may not be directly involved in these processes

Analysis and approximation of a vorticity-velocity-pressure formulation for the Oseen equations

We introduce a family of mixed methods and discontinuous Galerkin discretisations designed to numerically solve the Oseen equations written in terms of velocity, vorticity, and Bernoulli pressure. The unique solvability of the continuous problem is addressed by invoking a global inf-sup property in an adequate abstract setting for non-symmetric systems. The proposed finite element schemes, which produce exactly divergence-free discrete velocities, are shown to be well-defined and optimal convergence rates are derived in suitable norms. In addition, we establish optimal rates of convergence for a class of discontinuous Galerkin schemes, which employ stabilisation. A set of numerical examples serves to illustrate salient features of these methods

“Implementación de un sistema de circuito cerrado, mediante IP, para mejorar el proceso de video vigilancia en el Bloque B de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi Extensión La Maná”.

This research work is based on the implementation of a closed-circuit system through the Internet Protocol which has as its sole and exclusive task to provide real-time and timely security to Block B of the Technical University of Cotopaxi in La Maná through video surveillance cameras that have a 360-degree rotation with the highest quality video. Through this system, all events and incidences that take place inside and outside Block B can be monitored, obtaining high-quality visual support and providing better security control, benefiting students, teachers, authorities, administrative and service personnel, other people who live in or commonly pass through this sector. For the implementation of the IP closedcircuit system, important parameters are considered such as camera sensitivity, the configuration of patterns in the cameras for monitoring, extended visual range, video recording time, and the extraction of information from the sequence of recorded videos through the camera queries, thus making it possible to know the facts or events at a given time using cuttingedge and innovative technology.El presente trabajo de investigación se basa en la implementación de un sistema de circuito cerrado mediante el Protocolo de internet el cual tiene como única y exclusiva tarea brindar seguridad en tiempo real y oportuna al bloque B de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi extensión La Maná a través de cámaras de video vigilancia que cuentan con rotación de 360 grados con la máxima calidad de video. Mediante este sistema se puede monitorear todos los eventos y sucesos que ocurren dentro y en los exteriores del bloque B, obteniendo un respaldo visual en alta calidad brindando un mejor control de seguridad, teniendo como beneficiarios a los alumnos, docentes, personal administrativo y de servicio, de más personas que habitan o transitan por el sector. Para la implementación del sistema de circuito cerrado mediante IP se considera parámetros importantes como: la sensibilidad de la cámara, configuración de patrones en las cámaras para el monitoreo, el alcance visual extendido, el tiempo de grabación del video y la extracción de la información de la secuencia de los videos grabados a través de consultas por cámara, de este modo se posibilita conocer los hechos o sucesos en un determinado momento utilizando tecnología de punta e innovadora

Quality and Quantity of Organic Fractions as Affected by Soil Depth in an Argiudoll under Till and No-till Systems

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of tillage systems on the quantity and quality of organic carbon fractions at different soil layers. Study Design: The experimental design was a split plot with three blocks. The long-term effects (25 years) of conventional- (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems on a Tipic Argiudoll was sampled at 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm soil depth. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out at Tornquist (38° 07’ 06” S - 62°02’ 17” O) and soil sampling was performed during wheat seeding (June 2011). Methodology: Total soil organic carbon (SOC) content and the following fractions were determined: Coarse particulate (POCc, 105-2000 µm), fine particulate (POCf, 53-105 µm) and mineral-associated (MOC, 0-53 µm) carbon fractions; humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acids; and total (CHt) and soluble (CHs) carbohydrates. The main physico-chemical properties of HA and FA were analyzed using both FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopies. Results: After 25 years, total SOC at the 0-20 cm depth was 9% higher in no-tilled than in tilled soils. The POCf was the SOM fraction that turned out to be the most sensitive to tillage effects. The POCc:POCf:MOC ratio at 0-20 cm was similar for NT (3:14:82) and CT (5:10:84); however, differences were found across soil depths. Tilled soils showed higher aromaticity, starting by CH-degradation, in more superficial soil layers. Conclusion: The no-tillage system presented a different pattern which can be related to distribution of crop residues and conditions for humification along the soil depth.Fil: Galantini, Juan Alberto. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Duval, Matias Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; ArgentinaFil: Mora, Maria Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Baigorri, Roberto. Centre d Investigation en Production Animale et Végétale; EspañaFil: García Mina, José M.. Universidad de Navarra; Españ

Emotional judgment and musical processing in patients with Alzheimer's Dementia

La música produce reacciones emocionales intensas, similares a las que producen otros estímulos. La capacidad de procesar estímulos musicales requiere de varios componentes de procesamiento e involucra diversas regiones del cerebro. Los pacientes con Demencia Tipo Alzheimer (DTA) presentan alteraciones en la memoria episódica y deficiencias en el pro-cesamiento emocional de los estímulos visuales. El objetivo de este estudio es llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica evaluativa para determinar si existen disociaciones entre el juicio emocional musical y el procesamiento de otros aspectos musicales en DTA y brindar una explicación desde los modelos teóricos y bases anatómicas implicadas. Los estudios mostraron que los pacientes con DTA muestran un rendimiento deficiente en algunos aspectos del procesamiento musical, como el global. A pesar de eso, se conserva el procesamiento emocional de las melodías. El componente de procesamiento emocional se conservaría en DTA. Y las áreas activadas son similares a los sujetos sanos, como el giro cingulado, el cerebelo y las áreas frontales. La música parece apuntar a procesos y áreas que se conservan en DTA. Esta revisión muestra la importancia de estudiar las emociones en la música, centrándose en lo que se conserva en DTA. Esta podría ser la clave para explicar la conservación relativa de la memoria musical en esta patología y para desarrollar tratamientos basados en la música.Music produces intense emotional reactions, similar to those caused by other stimuli. The ability to process musical stimuli requires several processing components and involves various regions of the brain. Episodic memory and emotional processing of visual stimuli is impaired in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study is to carry out an evaluative bibliographical review to determine if there are dissociations between musical emotional judgment and processing of other musical aspects in AD, and provide an explanation from the theoretical models and anatomical bases involved. Studies suggests that patients with AD show deficits in some aspects of music processing, such as the global one. In spite of that, the emotional processing of the musical excerpts is preserved. The emotional processing component isintact in patients AD. Moreover, the areas that activates during music listening, are similar to healthy subjects, such as the cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum, and the frontal areas. The music seems to point to processes and areas that are preserved in AD. This review shows the importance of studying emotions in music, focusing on what is preserved in AD. This could be the key to explain the relative conservation of musical memory in this pathology and to develop treatments based on music.Fil: Moltrasio, Julieta. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Detflefsen, María Veronica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Gral. San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Mora, Milena Jaquelín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Gral. San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Rubinstein, Wanda Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Gral. San Martín; Argentin

Root ABA and H+-ATPase are key players in the root and shoot growth-promoting action of humic acids

Although the ability of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) to improve plant growth has been demonstrated, knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for the direct effects of HA and FA on the promotion of plant growth is scarce and fragmentary. Our study investigated the causal role of both root PM H+-ATPase activity and ABA in the SHA-promoting action on both root and shoot growth. The involvement of these processes in the regulation of shoot cytokinin concentration and activity was also studied. Our aim was to integrate such plant responses for providing new insights to the current model on the mode of action of HA for promoting root and shoot growth. Experiments employing specific inhibitors and using Cucumis sativus L. plants show that both the root PM H+-ATPase activity and root ABA play a crucial role in the root growth-promoting action of SHA. With regard to the HA-promoting effects on shoot growth, two pathways of events triggered by the interaction of SHA with plant roots are essential for the increase in root PM H+-ATPase activity—which also mediates an increase in cytokinin concentration and action in the shoot—and the ABA-mediated increase in hydraulic conductivity (Lpr).Fil: Olaetxea, Maite. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Mora, Maria Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Bacaicoa, Eva. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Baigorri, Roberto. Timac Agro. Technical and Development Department; EspañaFil: Garnica, Maria. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Fuentes, Marta. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Zamarreño, Angel Maria. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Spíchal, Lukáš. Palacký University Olomouc; República ChecaFil: García-Mina, José María. Universidad de Navarra; Españ

La gestión financiera y el acceso al crédito bancario de las mypes del sector servicio del distrito de La Molina 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar cómo la gestión financiera incide en el acceso al crédito bancario de las Mypes del sector servicio del distrito de La Molina, 2020, se realiza con la intención de abordar el problema principal presentado en interrogante: ¿La gestión financiera incide en el acceso al crédito bancario de las Mypes del sector servicio del distrito de La Molina, 2020?. La metodología fue de enfoque cuantitativo, con un tipo de investigación aplicada, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de nivel descriptivo – correlacional. La muestra será de 67 encuestados seleccionando a un gerente por cada mype del sector servicio del distrito de La Molina. El instrumento que se utilizará en la investigación será una encuesta. En la confiabilidad se usó el coeficiente Alpha obtenido de la herramienta "Gestión financiera" es 0,937, y para la segunda variable "Crédito Bancario" es 0.848, lo que nos permite constatar que las preguntas son sólidas, y existe consistencia interna entre estas preguntas.The main objective of this research was to determine how financial management affects access to bank credit for MSEs in the service sector of the La Molina district, 2020, it is carried out with the intention of addressing the main problem presented in question: Does management financial impact on the access to bank credit of the MSEs of the service sector of the district of La Molina, 2020 ?. The methodology was quantitative approach, with a type of applied research, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational level. The sample will be of 67 respondents selecting a manager for each mype of the La Molina district service sector. The instrument to be used in the research will be a survey. In reliability, the Alpha coefficient obtained from the "Financial Management" tool was 0.937, and for the second variable "Bank Credit" it is 0.848, which allows us to verify that the questions are solid, and there is internal consistency between these questions

Tourism diagnosis with DTI projection (intelligent tourist destination) of the city of Manta, Ecuador

Los destinos turísticos inteligentes se vislumbran como la respuesta de los territorios a los requerimientos de la actividad turística moderna para gestionar el volumen de información, y que, a su vez, ayuden tanto a los actores públicos como privados a tomar mejores decisiones. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación de la ciudad portuaria de Manta, Ecuador, en base a los indicadores relacionados a los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes (DTI). El tipo de investigación fue de tipo cualitativo teniendo un alcance de carácter exploratorio mediante el uso de la guía de implantación de los DTI de la Comunidad Valenciana, el cual abarca 9 ámbitos de acción tales como (gobernanza, sostenibilidad, accesibilidad, innovación, conectividad, inteligencia turística, información turística, marketing online, demanda turística). Para la obtención de la información se realizó una serie de talleres participativos con actores claves del desarrollo turístico de la ciudad, tales como el buró turístico de Manta, además de representantes estratégicos de cada una de las áreas de estudio de DTI del gobierno local. Como resultado se obtuvo que Manta cumple con un porcentaje de cumplimiento promedio del 49,9% del total de indicadores, siendo el eje de la accesibilidad el punto más bajo con un porcentaje de cumplimiento del 16,6%, por otro lado, la ciudad costera tiene en los ejes de la Innovación y el Marketing Online sus puntos más relevantes (76,6% y 65% respectivamente). Se concluye que Manta tiene autoridades que buscan innovar en sus procesos en pro de mejorar la calidad del servicio turístico.Smart tourist destinations are envisioned as the response of the territories to the requirements of modern tourist activity to manage the volume of information, and that, in turn, helps both public and private actors to make better decisions. The objective of this research is to carry out an evaluation of the port city of Manta, Ecuador, based on the indicators related to Smart Tourist Destinations (STD). The type of research was qualitative, having an exploratory scope using the implementation guide of the STD of the Valencian Community, which covers 9 areas of action such as (governance, sustainability, accessibility, innovation, connectivity, tourist intelligence, tourist information, online marketing, tourist demand). To obtain the information, a series of participatory workshops were held with key stakeholders in the city's tourism development, such as the Manta tourism bureau, as well as strategic representatives from each of the local government's STD study areas. As a result, it was obtained that Manta complies with an average compliance percentage of 49.9% of the total indicators, with the accessibility axis being the lowest point with a compliance percentage of 16.6%, on the other hand, the city Coastal has in the axes of Innovation and Online Marketing its most relevant points (76.6% and 65% respectively). It is concluded that Manta has authorities that seek to innovate in their processes to improve the quality of the tourist service