Deciding Disputes: Factors That Guide Chinese Courts in the Adjudication of Rural Responsibility Contract Disputes

Post-silicon validation and debug, or ensuring that software executes correctly on the silicon of a multi-processor system-on-chip (MPSOC) is complicated, as it involves checking global properties that are distributed on the chip. In this paper we define an architecture to non-intrusively observe global properties at run time using distributed monitors. The architecture enables to perform actions when a property holds, such as stopping (part of) the system for inspection. We apply this architecture to the problem of software races that result in incorrect communication between concurrent tasks on different processors. In a case study, where we implemented monitors, event distribution, and instruments to stop communication between intellectual property (IP) blocks, we demonstrate that these races can be detected and classified as timing violations or as FIFO protocol violations.©2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. Erik Larsson, Bart Vermeulen and Kees Goossens, A Distributed Architecture to Check Global Properties for Post-Silicon Debug, 2010, IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS'10), Prague, Czech Republic, May 24-28, 2010.</p

Homeownership and the life cycle: An ordered logit approach.

This paper presents an ordered logit approach to model the optimal timing of buying a house in the life cycle. The model is applied to three recent Belgian household budget surveys. We find that households postpone homeownership or choose to be lifelong tenant due to an increase of the transaction tax rate, the real interest rate on mortgages and an indicator for the evolution of real house prices. Expenditures on nondurables, on the contrary, have a positive impact on (early) homeownership.Logit; Homeownership; Life cycle; Transaction tax;

Rank-order conjoint experiments: efficiency and design.

In a rank-order conjoint experiment, the respondent is asked to rank a number of alternatives instead of choosing the preferred one, as is the standard procedure in conjoint choice experiments. In this paper, we study the efficiency of those experiments and propose a D-optimality criterion for rank-order conjoint experiments to find designs yielding the most precise parameter estimators. For that purpose, an expression of the Fisher information matrix for the rank-ordered multinomial logit model is derived which clearly shows how much additional information is provided by each extra ranking step made by the respondent. A simulation study shows that Bayesian D-optimal ranking designs are slightly better than Bayesian D-optimal choice designs and (near-)orthogonal designs and perform considerably better than other commonly used designs in marketing in terms of estimation and prediction accuracy. Finally, it is shown that improvements of about 50% to 60% in estimation and prediction accuracy can be obtained by ranking a second alternative. If the respondent ranks a third alternative, a further improvement of 30%in estimation and prediction accuracy is obtained.

Efficient and robust willingness-to-pay designs for choice experiments: some evidence from simulations.

We apply a design efficiency criterion to construct conjoint choice experiments specifically focused on the accuracy of marginal estimates. In a simulation study and a numerical example, the resulting optimal designs are compared to alternative designs suggested in the literature. It turns out that optimal designs not only improve the estimation accuracy of the marginal, as expected on the basis of the nature of the efficiency criterion, but they also considerably reduce the occurrence of extreme estimates, which also exhibit smaller deviations from the real values. The proposed criterion is there for evaluable for non-market valuation studies as it reduces the sample size required for a given degree of accuracy and it produces estimates with fewer outliers.Willingness-to-pay; Optimal design; Choice experiments; Conditional logit model; Robust;

Design criteria to develop choice experiments to measure the WTP accurately.

To measure the willingness-to-pay (WTP) accurately, Vermeulen et al.[2008] apply the c-optimality criterion to generate designs for conjoint choice experiments. This criterion is based on minimizing the sum of the variances of the WTP estimators approximated by the delta method. Designs generated based on this criterion lead to more accurate WTP estimates than the ones obtained by standard designs and reduce considerably the occurrence of extreme WTP estimates, although they do not exclude them. In this paper, other optimality criteria are considered to tackle this problem. We distinguish between criteria in preference space on the one hand and criteria in WTP-space on the other hand. In a simulation study and a numerical example, we compare the accuracy of the WTP and the utility coefficient estimates yielded by the designs based on these new criteria.conjoint choice experiment; Bayesian optimal design; willingness-to-pay; conditional logit model;

High-performance low-loss silicon-on-insulator microring resonators using TM-polarized light

Microring resonators on SOI are investigated for both orthogonal polarizations. By demonstrating low-loss (1.94dB/cm) microring resonators with an intrinsic Q up to 340000 we proof that using TM-polarized light enables high-performance filters

Understanding life together: A brief history of collaboration in biology

AbstractThe history of science shows a shift from single-investigator ‘little science’ to increasingly large, expensive, multinational, interdisciplinary and interdependent ‘big science’. In physics and allied fields this shift has been well documented, but the rise of collaboration in the life sciences and its effect on scientific work and knowledge has received little attention. Research in biology exhibits different historical trajectories and organisation of collaboration in field and laboratory – differences still visible in contemporary collaborations such as the Census of Marine Life and the Human Genome Project. We employ these case studies as strategic exemplars, supplemented with existing research on collaboration in biology, to expose the different motives, organisational forms and social dynamics underpinning contemporary large-scale collaborations in biology and their relations to historical patterns of collaboration in the life sciences. We find the interaction between research subject, research approach as well as research organisation influencing collaboration patterns and the work of scientists