Epidemic of Fear: Cause and Effect

This review attempts to focus on the Epidemic of fear and its causes and effects on the people during the pandemic situation. Primarily the aim was to understand the psychological concept of the origination of fear due to epidemic or pandemic situations. Several theories and researches helped in explaining the underlying roots of the epidemics of fear and the behavioral changes in a person due to this. Through previous researches, a better understanding of the ways to prevent the fear of spreading among us is presented in this paper. Several types of researches and articles were studied that acted as the pillars of this paper reflect on the causes of the epidemic of fear

Parallel Coupled Wide Pass-Band Filter with Dual Square Complementary Split Ring Resonator and Defected Ground Structure

In this work, a novel design for obtaining wider pass-band was proposed using dual-square complementary split ring resonator and squared symmetrical defected ground structure. Parallel coupling was also amalgamated which helps to achieve wider band-width. Ideally, microwave filters were designed to have high return loss, diminutive insertion loss, coordinated impedance and stable frequency selectivity to avert redundant signal interference in the spectrum. The proposed structure provides excellent selectivity of -46 dB and -28 dB at the lower and upper cut-off frequencies respectively. Defected ground structure (DGS) improved the return loss of this work and insertion loss of nearly zero dB was obtained. The prototype was designed using ANSOFT HFSS 13.0 where centre frequency was maintained at 4.97 GHz. With reference to other filter techniques, better results were obtained in terms of return loss, insertion loss, selectivity, pass-band stretch, fractional band-width and Q-factor

Knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception in females of urban area of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Emergency contraception are birth control measures that, if taken after unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives or in cases of sexual assault may prevent pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of female living in urban part of Lucknow district from September 2015 to August 2016.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at RML Hospital, Lucknow from September 2015 to August 2016. A cross sectional study design was conducted and Participants were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires. Data processing and analysis: The collected data was entered into a computer and analyzed using statistical package of social science version 20.0.Results: In this study it was found that, Out of 385 subjects 54% (209) new the correct time interval for EC to be effective and 91% (350) new that this is for prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Out of 385 subjects 77% (345) reported that they had heard the word EC from different sources, however 23% (90) reported that they never heard about that it means that still there is a scope of health awareness activities and health education to improve the knowledge of EC. Different attitudes of females towards emergency contraception some different pair of questions was asked. Out of 385 subjects 85% (329) were reported that they have positive attitudes in terms of benefits of EC to reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancy. A few number of subjects i.e. 12% (48) reported negative attitudes towards EC where as 3 % (8) did not respond. The more than half subjects i.e. 68% (260) reported that they use EC even if their partners disagreed with them where as 11% (41). Cultural belief was found as an barrier in having negative attitudes towards EC. The Religion, Occupation and educational status affect knowledge and attitudes towards EC.Conclusions: The results show that there is a scope of health awareness activities and health education to improve the knowledge and attitude towards EC

BIOMARKERS IN SERUM, URIC ACID AS A RISK FACTOR FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION

ABSTRACTObjectives: Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. UA is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism and has beenimplicated in diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as in hyperlipidemias. Hyperuricemia can cause serious health problems including renal insufficiency.Hyperuricemia is associated with many diseases including hypertension (HTN), DM, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity. The aim was to determine theserum UA (SUA) level in Patients of Type 2 DM with HTN.Methods: Out of 100 samples, 50 were found as cases of Type 2 diabetic with HTN, and the 50 control samples were without Type 2 diabetic HTN.Results: SUA, glycosylated hemoglobin, and low-density lipoprotein of male and female cases of Type 2 DM with HTN compared to control were(p<0.05) highly significant and also serum triglycerides and total cholesterol of both sex groups of Type 2 DM with HTN compared to control werefound to be (p<0.05) highly significance.Conclusion: It is concluded from our present study that level of SUA >7.0 mg/dl were significantly seen in cases of diabetes with HTN. SUA ≤5.0 mg/dlwas significantly seen in subjects without diabetes with HTN. Our data showed hyperuricemia and glycated hemoglobin as significant risk factors inthe progression of DM, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, renal disorder, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity. Further large sample size studies areneeded to be done in the direction with more focused mechanistic approaches to fortify the fact. Very little is known about the relationship betweenUA, DM, and HTN in India.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Uric acid, Glycosylated hemoglobin, Lipid profil

Assessment of awareness towards pharmacovigilance programme of india and reporting of adverse drug reactions among nurses in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The success of PvPI depends upon spontaneous reporting of ADRs by health care professionals especially nurses as they are usually first contact persons for patients in case of ADRs after use of medicines. Underreporting of ADRs due to inadequate reporting culture among health care professionals is the main hindrance in the path of this programme. So, to assess the awareness, attitude and practices of nurses regarding PvPI and ADR reporting this study was undertaken.Methods: It was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in which 130 nurses responded. The 12-items questionnaire feedback form provided by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) was used to assess the awareness of nurses towards pharmacovigilance programme and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting practices.Results: After analysing the questionnaire, it was observed that, despite satisfactory level of awareness and interest of the nurses to participate in this programme, still there is meagre ADR reporting practices among the nurses.Conclusions: Lack of reporting culture and improper communication is the root of problem which should be overcome in future by proper training for patient safety

Effect of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Preparation and Properties of Ionogels

Silica-gel matrices containing ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate viz. ionogels have been synthesized using one-pot nonhydrolytic sol-gel method and taking tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as starting precursor. Effect of ultrasonic irradiation on pore parameters of ionogels and vibrational properties of the IL upon confinement in the porous matrix has been investigated. The synthesized gels have been characterized by BET, DSC, TGA, and FTIR. BET analysis shows some changes in the pore parameters due to ultrasonic irradiation. DSC results indicate shift in glass transition temperature upon confinement of the IL. The FTIR spectra show changes in vibrational bands on confinement, particularly, the bands related to the imidazolium ring; aliphatic chain and anion PF6 − of the IL are found to shift upon confinement in porous silica matrix obtained due to ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonic irradiation has been found to affect the gelation dynamics and kinetics and pore parameters

Analysis and establish a correlation between serum ceruloplasmin, serum apelin level and thyroid profile in patients with hypothyroidism and healthy controls

Background: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone. It is often the primary process in which the thyroid gland produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone. It can also be secondary, i.e., lack of thyroid hormone secretion due to the failure of either adequate thyrotropin (TSH) secretion from the pituitary gland or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus (secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism). The patient's appearance may vary from asymptomatic to, rarely, coma with multisystem organ failure (myxoedema coma). Methods: The present observational descriptive, cross sectional study has been conducted on 120 newly diagnosed Subclinical Hypothyroidism patients of 20-50 years age group of both sex attending the OPD of department of medicine, RVRS medical college and associated group of hospitals, Bhilwara from May 2021 to May 2022. Diagnosis of thyroid disorder has been made according to the criteria recommended by the European thyroid association guidelines-2013. The result has been compared with age and gender matched 120 euthyroid subjects acting as controls. Detailed history of participants including age, history of any medications, addictions has been taken. Written consent from all the subjects has been obtained for the study.Results: The mean serum FT3 level was found to be slightly decreased in Subclinical hypothyroid subjects (group I) as compared to healthy controls (group II) but the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The mean serum FT4 level was found to be slightly decreased in Subclinical hypothyroid subjects (group I) as compared to healthy controls (group II) but the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). A highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in mean serum TSH level has been observed in subclinical hypothyroid subjects (group-I) when compared to controls (group- II). In subclinical hypothyroid subjects, mean serum ceruloplasmin levels were found to be significantly lower in comparison to healthy subjects (p<0.0001).Conclusions: The overall findings of the present study thus confirm that serum Apelin level is significantly higher in subclinical hypothyroid subjects and serum ceruloplasmin level is significantly lower in the subclinical hypothyroid subjects. However, further experimental and observational studies are needed to illustrate the role of serum ceruloplasmin and serum apelin in subclinical hypothyroidism

A study of association of vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease

Background: Recently vitamin D has received great interests for its multiple effects on inflammatory system and potential role in atherothrombosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Experimental evidence points to the involvement of multiple factors in coronary plaque formation, including vitamin D. The study aimed to examine the association of coronary artery disease with vitamin D level.Methods: 140 patients of CAD (coronary artery disease) and 101 age and sex matched control were enrolled in the study and 25-hyroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured. All participants were evaluated for presence of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Association of vitamin D level was established after adjusting other risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: In our study vitamin D level is significantly lower in patient group (CAD patients) compared with control group (18.2±10.9 vs 28.8±21ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 81.4% patient in CAD patients whereas 57.7% in control group. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting effect of other risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and level of physical activity with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.695 (1.148-6.330).Conclusions: In present study patients of coronary artery disease had significantly low level of vitamin D as compared to individual without coronary artery disease. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease. 

"Nurturing Balance: A Correlational Inquiry into the Interplay of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors, Job Satisfaction, and Work Family Conflict"

The present study aims to explore the relationship between Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors, Job Satisfaction, and Work Family Conflict. The methodology was takes as per demand of the research and an appropriate research design along with the relevant sampling method was adopted. The sample of 190 university teachers were taken from different private universities of North India. The data was analysed using Pearson correlation with the help of SPSS 21. The results revealed that there is a positive correlation between family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors and job Satisfaction of the teachers, furthermore there was a negative correlation between work family conflict and job satisfaction and a negative correlation between work family conflict and family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors as well

Explosive death induced by mean–field diffusion in identical oscillators

We report the occurrence of an explosive death transition for the first time in an ensemble of identical limit cycle and chaotic oscillators coupled via mean–field diffusion. In both systems, the variation of the normalized amplitude with the coupling strength exhibits an abrupt and irreversible transition to death state from an oscillatory state and this first order phase transition to death state is independent of the size of the system. This transition is quite general and has been found in all the coupled systems where in–phase oscillations co–exist with a coupling dependent homogeneous steady state. The backward transition point for this phase transition has been calculated using linear stability analysis which is in complete agreement with the numerics