Candida Auris Features and its Treatment: Global Emergency

Fungal pathogen Candida auris was identified in 2009, in Japan. Currently, it is identified in 5 continents, in more than 40 countries. Therefore, it is nowadays defined as critical priority pathogen. The present mini-review describes the resistance to medicines that are currently in use and these drugs’ resistance to antimicrobial mechanisms (RAM). Furthermore, therapies and the on-going search for future drugs will also be discussed

Investigation of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Novel Hybrid Composites Based on Areca Nut Shell and Pineapple Leaf Powder Reinforced Vinyl Ester Matrix

Renewability, cheap cost, and sustainability have recently made eco-friendly materials popular. As a result, both academic and industrial fields are paying great attention to seeking bio-based filler materials for the creation of composites.  The study is intended to investigate the utilisation of solid biomass waste in the hybrid form of Areca Nut Shell Powder (ASP) and Pineapple Leaf Powder (PLP) as fillers in vinyl ester-based composites. This process has been investigated for the first time using the hand lay-up technique.  These filler substances are agricultural by-products that can be obtained from renewable sources at a low cost.  Their mechanical and thermal properties were assessed for hybrid fillers included in the matrix at filler contents from 0 to 20 wt.%.  Usually, adding hybrid fillers improved mechanical properties but had a small effect on thermal ones.  The hybrid filler-reinforced composites showed notable increases in flexural, impact, and Shore D hardness characteristics in comparison to the neat vinyl ester resin, with improvements of 1.53 times, 1.66 times, and 1.35 times, respectively, at 16 wt.% filler loading, while the tensile strength displayed a steady decline.  Using TGA and HDT techniques, thermal stability was evaluated, revealing an HDT value as high as 112°C.  Given the results, these hybrid filler-reinforced composites could be appropriate for use in sectors including transportation and building, where moderately tough and thermally stable composites are required and where cost is a major concern

Nanotechnology as New Strategy Against Different Dementia Types: Current State of Art

Dementia, mainly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is quite significant worldwide. Several dementia types are expected to affect approximately 140 million people by 2025 due to the global population’s aging process. Accordingly, nanotechnology emerges as promising research field. The most important aim of nanotechnology for nanomedicine and Alzheimer’s therapy lies in developing an efficient medicine, as safe as possible, based on new assertive research substantiated by subsequent clinical studies. The fast upgrades in nanotechnology and nanomedicine observed in the last few years have opened room for achieving an AD therapy. Nanomaterials have characteristic features, such as physical and chemical stability, high surface area: volume ratios, as well as programmable production. Furthermore, it is possible customizing these nanomaterials to turn them into special candidates to be used as both therapeutic agents and nanomedicine carriers. The present review deals with upgrades and challenges posed on the diversity of AD therapy nanomaterials such as carbon nanoparticles, lipidic nanocarriers, lipid functionalized, polymeric and metallic nanoparticles, biotherapeutics (monoclonal antibodies) and clinical nanomedicine applications. It is possible to avoid, delay or stop AD progression based associated efforts in nanomedicine aimed at raising the expectation of millions of patients worldwide

Proving the Truth of the Riemann Hypothesis by Introducing the Generating Function for Prime Numbers

The Riemann zeta function  plays a crucial role in number theory and its applications. The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) posits that zeros of  other than the trivial ones are located on the line defined by the equation Re(s) =1/2. This paper introduces proof of the Riemann Hypothesis. The proof employs a standard method, utilizing the eta function in place of the zeta function, under the assumption that the real part is greater than zero. The equation for the real and imaginary parts of the Riemann zeta function (eta function) is completely separated. Additionally, using a standard method and with the help of two functions ?(s) and ?(1-s), the real part of the root of the zeta function is obtained. To create a generator function for prime numbers in terms of b, one can solve the root of the zeta function where it equals one (i.e.,  and obtain a relationship between b’ and prime numbers

Optical Characterization of Breast Cancer using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Early detection and diagnosis can significantly improve patient outcomes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that can provide valuable information on the molecular composition of biological samples. It has been shown to be effective in diagnosing various diseases, including cancer. This proposal aims to investigate the potential of FTIR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for breast cancer. Objectives: To identify differences in molecular composition between cancer tissue and normal tissue obtained from the breast cancer patients using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. To develop a diagnostic model for breast cancer using FTIR spectroscopy and assess its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Methodology: In present study thirty biopsy proven cases of carcinoma breast and 6 fibroadenoma patients as control were included after informed written consent. In the present study we have collect blood and the cancerous and normal tissue of breast cancer patients and characterize the tissue with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: Characterization of serum and tissue samples is shown in figures 1-figure 6. Figures indicate that there is a difference between the spectra of both groups. Absorbance of cancer tissue is more as compare to normal tissue sample. Discriminating wavenumber associated spectral difference in the range of 950-1200 cm-1 (sugar), 2800-3000 cm-1 (stretching motions of –CH2 and -CH3) and 3090-3700 cm-1 (NH stretching) region. Conclusion: There is spectral difference between the cancerous and non-cancerous group. This spectral difference is related to the difference in the protein conformation in the serum and tissue samples of two groups. It can be concluded that FTIR spectroscopy is able to discriminate between breast cancer and healthy serum sample

In Silico Analysis of Mutations Along the Amyloidogenic Pathway in Alzheimer’s Disease

Through in silico simulation of mutations and their effect on protein structure, we conclusively examine the impact of mutations along the amyloidogenic pathway in three steps: as factors which undermine the suppression of A? production from BACE-1; the inhibition of amyloid breakdown by neprilysin; and the aggregation of A? monomers through oligomeric and fibril stages. We verified the significance of mutations in miRNA that particularly complement with BACE1. We discovered novel mutations that impede most significantly on neprilysin function. And we examined the importance of mutations on the propensity of A? to aggregate. The results are significant: the framework and algorithm of the paper can be employed to make accurate predictions for patients from simple and widely accessible genetic data. Beyond that, given the ubiquity of proteins within our body, the functions for modelling miRNA suppression, predicting protein function and calculating protein aggregation also have widespread uses in all areas of human biology and medicine

A Novel Method for Forensic Examination of Bribery Cases Using Alpha-Naphtholphthalein

Background: Corruption is one of the major issues of India and other third world countries. Anti-corruption Bureau, detective agencies and various Forensic Science Laboratories make use of indicator dyes/detective dyes, such as, Phenolphthalein and Anthracene for catching a person involved in taking bribe, red-handed. This study aims to solve the issue of fading out of colour and fluorescence due to extraneous substances, often encountered in case of traditional dyes.  To overcome the limitations faced in case of traditional dyes, a new and innovative approach by using ?-naphtholphthalein [3,3-Bis(4-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one] has been developed. Results: The sensitivity of the method was evaluated and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 243.2005 ?g/mL or ppm and 736.9712 ?g/mL or ppm respectively, with a regression coefficient of 0.987. Conclusion: Two pathways have been suggested in this study – Aerosol spray method and the traditional wash-solution method. The resulting wash solution and the turquoise blue coloured solution have been analysed using Acid-Alkali test, pH test, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Colorimetry and UV Spectrophotometry

Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein in Hypercalcemia Malignancies

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes encompass symptoms or signs caused by malignant tumors through humoral factors, such as hormones or cytokines, produced by tumor cells. Hypercalcemia is a common occurrence in cancer patients, particularly associated with Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP). PTHrP mimics parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity, leading to excessive bone resorption, hypocalcemia, and significant metabolic complications.  Discussion: PTHrP plays a key role in malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, which is more acute and severe compared to primary hyperparathyroidism. PTHrP is produced by various tumors, including squamous cell carcinomas and breast adenocarcinomas, as well as some hematologic malignancies. Beyond its extracellular role in bone resorption, PTHrP also exerts intracellular effects through nuclear activities, influencing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Management of hypercalcemia prioritizes patient hydration, bisphosphonate use, and targeted therapies to mitigate PTHrP effects. Emerging treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies against PTHrP and osteoprotegerin, show potential for rapid calcium control.  Conclusion: PTHrP is a critical biomarker in malignancy-associated hypercalcemia, reflecting its central role in calcium metabolism regulation and as a promising target for innovative therapies. Prompt management of this condition can enhance patients' quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications

WITHDRAWN: Comparative Analysis of Ground Water Potentiality Zone using Fuzzy-AHP and Frequency Ratio Techniques

This article has been withdrawn due to the reported author's misconduct. The Ethical Committee of Cotton University, Guwahati investigated the misconduct and found that the manuscript was originally submitted by Ms. Parimita Saikia & Professor Bijoy Singh Mipun to a conference (44th Annual Meet and International Conference of the Institute of Indian Geographers) organized by Cotton University, Guwahati, India. Mr. Deepjyoti Bora was a master's degree student at the same university and a volunteer at the conference, as a result, he got access to the conference submissions and misused it by posting this manuscript under his own authorship. The detailed investigation reports are available in the PDF file

Trigeminal Neuralgia and Cannabidiol Approach: Mini Review

Chronic pain has been managed for decades, mainly by therapies based on a wide spectrum of analgesic drugs, surgical protocols and complex interventions aimed at interfering with pain outcomes or to, at least, modulate it. Unfortunately, all these techniques lead to several pharmacological hazards, besides their lack of efficacy and safety to treat chronic pain. This scenario justified the need of research focused on finding alternative treatments. Cannabinoids are naturally occurring substances deriving from Cannabis sativa L. The use of cannabinoids and their metabolites, mainly cannabidiol (CBD), emerged as option to manage different chronic pain conditions. The present review focuses on the CBD mechanism acting in chronic pain conditions, mostly on its specific use to treat trigeminal neuralgia. This review also discusses CBD’s safety and interaction with drugs prescribed for neuropathic orofacial pain, mainly Gabapentin/CBD interactions