Correlation and path analysis between yield and different morphological characters in Kinnow Mandarin (C. Noballis × C. Deliciosa)

A study of interrelationship and cause-effect analysis of yield of Kinnow Mandarin (C. Noballis × C. deliciosa) and its component traits for 104 and 96 trees from Indora (Location L-1) and Indpur (Location L-2) blocks of Kangra district respectively had been done in 2014-15. F-test suggested that there was significant (1.47) variation among yield characteristics between these two locations except for fruit weight (gm) and LD ratio. Results obtained from path coefficient analysis, showed that for location L-1, number of fruits per branch (0.229), plant height (0.215) and tree girth (0.212) had highest and direct effect on yield per tree whereas for location L-2, fruit weight (0.38), number of flowers per branch (0.176) and plant girth (0.161) had highest direct effect on yield per plant. Thus, number of fruits per branch, number of flowers per branch and tree girth were the most important yield components of kinnow crop which should be exploited through a breeding programme for improving its yield potential

Differential sensitivity of Ustilago maydis to fungal antibiotics on simple and complex media

We have observed that the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis can be partially or completely resistant to antibiotics when grown in defined growth media. In synthetic medium based on the fully defined mixture of simple organic compounds and salts U. maydis displays near wild-type growth at concentrations of hygromycin that effectively kill cells in complex nutrient media. The antibiotics geneticin, nourseothricin and phleomycin had similar effects. In contrast, the fungicide carboxin was equally effective in all growth media tested. Our observations could guide selection of growth media for genetic transformation of Ustilago and other fungi when sensitivity to common antibiotics is used as a selectable marker

Assessment of water quality around coal-fired thermal power plant, Bathinda (Punjab), India

In the present study, both the underground and surface water samples around Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant Bathinda, Punjab, having total installed capacity of 440MW, were analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Total Alkalinity (TA), Carbonate (CO32-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead(Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The correlation coefficients (r) among various water quality parameters of studied underground water samples were calculated. The physical and chemical parameters of groundwater are compared with the drinking water quality standards recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (2012) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). On the basis of results obtained in the present study, concentration of Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Fluoride (F-) and Total  dissolved solids (TDS) observed in ground water of Bathinda varied from 30 to 284 mg/l, 120 to 280 mg/l, 2.66-3.99 mg/l and 620-1439 mg/l, respectively which are exceeding the acceptable limits prescribed by WHO (2017) as well as BIS (2012). Also, the concentration of heavy metals viz. cadmium (0.366 to 0.437 mg/l), and lead (0.193 to 0.353 mg/l) have higher levels than prescribed by WHO and BIS for drinking purpose. Thus, groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes with prior treatment

Visual impairments in children with cerebral palsy

Background: Visual impairments are associated with cerebral palsy (CP). They enhance functional limitations in children with CP. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the types of visual impairments in children with CP, and thus the importance of early evaluation and intervention to improve the quality of life. Materials and Methods: Children with CP (n=775) attending the child development clinic from 2012 to 2017 were included in the study. Thorough antenatal, natal, postnatal, and developmental history were recorded. Complete demographic data, anthropometry and general physical, and neurological examination findings were recorded. All patients were advised neuroimaging (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) and hearing and ophthalmological assessment. Results: Of the 775 patients, 270 (34.8%) patients had squint (including convergent and divergent). Detailed fundoscopic and visual evoked potentials (VEP) examination was done in 382 patients. Non-apparent abnormalities (VEP and fundus changes) were seen in 121 patients (31.7%) among 382 tested. Of those 121 patients, VEP changes and fundus changes were seen in 62 and 41 patients, respectively. Refractive errors were detected in 25 patients. Of the total patients assessed for ophthalmological ailments, 129 (33.7%) patients were completely normal. Conclusion: Visual impairments are associated in large percentage of CP patients. Early evaluation and intervention are emphasized to improve the quality of life in these patients

Postoperative vault hematoma following vaginal hysterectomy: case reports

Postoperative vault hematoma is almost a universal consequence of gynaecologic surgery. It usually occurs after vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. At one end there can be are minimal collection of peritoneal fluid or blood which is clinically insignificant whereas at the other end is the hematoma and abscess requiring active intervention for the patient to recover. We here present two cases of vault hematoma following vaginal hysterectomy which were reported to our institution in recent times. In both cases hematomas were infected. Ultrasonography was used to accurately identify and define the extent of hematomas. The patients underwent vault exploration and drainage. Post-operative period remained uneventful. Postoperative vault hematoma can be diagnosed in the early postoperative period of gynaecologic surgery. It is important to consider the possibility of vault haematoma in patients with persistent fever and vaginal bleeding after hysterectomy. The hematoma cavity can be easily entered to drain hematoma or abscess completely, expediting the recovery of the patient. Refining surgical techniques will significantly reduce the risk of vault hematoma.

Study of fetomaternal arterial doppler parameters in early onset pre-eclampsia and its correlation with perinatal outcomes

Background: Development of pre-eclampsia (PE) at less than 34 weeks of gestation is known as early onset PE (EOPE) and is commonly associated with more severe adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to study Doppler parameters of uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries exclusively in women with EOPE and its correlation with perinatal outcomes. This study was a hospital-based observational prospective study.Methods: 60 patient of early onset PE with singleton live pregnancy were included in the study and followed up. The results of sonographic and Doppler examination were analysed and correlated with perinatal outcomes.Results: Adverse perinatal outcomes were seen in 66.66% cases of early onset PE. To predict adverse perinatal outcomes, umbilical artery (Umb A) RI, PI were found to be most sensitive, cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) was most specific indicator with highest positive predictive value (PPV). Absent end diastolic flow /reverse end diastolic flow (AEDF/REDF) were ominous signs.Conclusions: Early onset PE is recently considered a more severe disease with different etiopathogenesis. Doppler study is the primary imaging modality for fetomaternal surveillance for follow up and prediction of perinatal outcome, thus allowing planning of timely management in early onset PE patients, as these patients are at higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes

Magnesium Sulfate and Fentanyl for Facilitating Awake Fiberoptic Nasotracheal Intubation: A Randomized Study

Background: Various drugs have been used to facilitate awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI). Although fentanyl is probably used most frequently, magnesium sulfate can provide muscle relaxation without respiratory depression and attenuate hemodynamic responses. Methods: We randomly allocated 20 patients of both sexes, aged 18 - 60 years, and ASA status I-II to receive fentanyl 2 g/kg (group F) ormagnesiumsulfate 45mg/kg (groupM) before AFOI. The intubating conditionswere evaluated by Ramsay sedation score (RSS), cough score, post-intubation score, additional topicalization requirement, and hemodynamic response. Oxygen desaturation, airway morbidity, recall of procedure, and the patient’s willingness to return for the same kind of anesthesia, if required, were also studied. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS V. 17.0 software. Numerical data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests and categorical data using the chi-square test. P values of < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: RSS, cough score, post-intubation score, lignocaine dose, airway-related morbidity, and willingness to undergo the same kindof anesthesia for a secondtimewere comparablebetweenthe twogroups. Bothdrugshadcomparable effectsonhemodynamic response to intubation. However, the incidence of recall of the procedure was significantly lower in group F (P = 0.003). Conclusions: The degree of coughing during fiberoptic bronchoscopy, tolerance of the endotracheal tube after intubation, and the hemodynamic response to intubationwere similar after the administration of either fentanyl 2 g/kg ormagnesiumsulfate 45 mg/kg

Heavy Metal Contamination Cause Of Idol Immersion Activities In Urban Lake Bhopal, India

Water resource of the earth is part of a finite close system, and in any time period when population are rising, the per capita amount of water available is inevitably decreasing. Water quality of lake are normally get contamination every where by accumulation of sediments, human waste, sits organic matter, industrial waste but in India different type of religious activities (Idol immersion) are take place every year to which other country are not concern. The water body selected for the study is Upper lake of Bhopal, M.P., India. The immersion of idol of Lard Ganesh and Goddess Durga during Ganesh Ustav and Navratris festival is a major source of contamination and sedimentation to the lake water. The idol are been made up of Clay, Plaster of paris, cloth, paper, wood, thermocol, jute, adhesive material and synthetic paints etc. Out of the all martial used in making the idol, thermocol is Non-Biodegradable while paints contain heavy metals such as Chromium, Lead, Cadmium and Mercury. The present study was under taken to evaluate heavy metals. The findings of the study Increase Heavy Metals contamination after idol immersion, nickal,lead and mercury may magnify in their concentrations at different tropic levels, including in fishes and birds inhabiting the lake, which finally reach the humans through food