The use of a ureteral access sheath does not improve stone-free rate after ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract stones.

International audiencePURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of a ureteral access sheath (UAS) on stone-free (SF) rate after flexible ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 280 patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy (URS) for upper urinary tract stone between 2009 and 2012. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether a UAS was used (n = 157) or not (n = 123). SF rate was evaluated at one and three months after surgery by abdominal imaging. Quantitative and qualitative variables were compared with Student's t test and χ2 test, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to determine the predictive factors of SF status. RESULTS: Stone size was similar in both groups (15.1 vs. 13.7 mm, p = 0.21). SF rates at one and 3 months were comparable in UAS and non-UAS groups (76 vs. 78 % and 86 vs. 87 %, p = 0.88 and 0.89, respectively). Complication rates were similar in both groups (12.7 vs. 12.1 %, p = 0.78). In multivariable analysis, stone size was the only predictive factor of SF rate (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: The routine use of a UAS did not improve SF rate in patients undergoing flexible URS for upper urinary tract calculi

Système rénine-angiotensine et cancers urologiques / Renin-angiotensin system and urological cancers.

International audienceIntroduction: A controversy animates the literature on the potential role of the rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) in tumorogenesis. The objective of this review was to determine the involvement of this pathway in cancer, and more specifically in urological cancers. Material and Method: We made a systematic review of articles referenced in Pubmed, using the following keywords alone or combined: cancer, renin, angiotensin, VEGF, AT1R, antagonists of angiotensin-2 receptors, inhibitors of angiotensinogen converting. Results: Many types of cancers overexpress AT1-R in their tumoral tissues (breast, stomach, bladder, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, ovary, uterus, pancreas, kidney, prostate, adrenal gland). Ang-II can induce VEGF-A expression and promote neoangiogenesis, but also can trigger different molecular pathways involved in cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. Several xenograft murin models demonstrated anti-tumoral efficacy of RAS blockers, alone or using combined therapies, targeting angiogenesis and slowing down tumor growth. Retrospective studies in patients have also revealed a better progression-free survival and a better response to therapies in those treated with RAS blockers. Conclusion: Many data seem to demonstrate the involvement of the RAS in carcinogenesis, as well as anti-tumoral effect of RAS blockers in addition to anti-cancer treatments. Clinical data are now expected to confirm these experimental findings

Cytogénétique des carcinomes rénaux [Cytogenetics profiles of renal carcinoma]

National audienc

Development of different xenograft mouse models of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and analysis of the efficacy ofangiotensin-II type 1 receptor antagonists combined with sunitinib.

Contexte : Les carcinomes rénaux à cellules claires (ccRCC) sont des tumeurs particulièrement agressives et de mauvais pronostic lorsqu’elles sont métastatiques. L’apport des traitements anti-angiogéniques et notamment des inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinases (TKI), a permis une amélioration nette en terme de survie de ces patients, mais parfois au prix d’effets secondaires tels que l’HTA. L'angiotensine-II stimule la croissance des cellules cancéreuses et la sécrétion de VEGF via le récepteur de type 1. Dans différents types de cancers, les antagonistes des récepteurs de type 1 de l'angiotensine-II (ARA-2) utilisés à visée anti-hypertensive ont pu démontrer une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire et une inhibition de la néo-angiogénèse tumorale. Objectif : Mettre au point différents modèles animaux de ccRCC et tester l’effet de l’association des traitements par sunitinib (TKI) et telmisartan (ARA-2). Matériels & Méthodes : Des souris Nude ont été injectées avec des cellules tumorales 786-O, permettant d’obtenir une tumeur sous-cutanée. Les souris ont été réparties en 4 groupes gavées quotidiennement pendant 4 semaines : avec le vecteur (DMSO), du Telmisartan, du Sunitinib ou une association Telmisartan + Sunitinib à doses thérapeutiques, puis euthanasiées pour analyse de la tumeur. Dans un 2ème temps, un autre modèle animal a été mis au point avec des cellules tumorales issues d’une lignée primaire. Résultats : L’association des traitements (TKI + ARA-2) dans le 1er modèle montrait une augmentation de la nécrose tumorale par diminution de la densité microvasculaire et de la sécrétion de VEGF circulant. Dans le modèle issu d’une lignée primaire, on notait une réduction du volume tumoral mais sans augmentation de la nécrose. Conclusion : Ce travail a permis de mettre au point 2 modèles de ccRCC. L’association d’un ARA-2 au sunitinib semble potentialiser l’effet anti-tumoral dans ces modèles expérimentaux. De plus amples études sont nécessaires pour comprendre les mécanismes impliqués.Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are agressive tumors, with a bad prognosis when metastatic. Antiangiogenic treatments and especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have increasingly improve patients’ survival, but those drugs often present side effects like hypertension. Angiotensin-II stimulates tumor cell development and VEGF secretion via the type-1 receptor. In different types of cancer, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARA-2) used as antihypertensive drugs can reduce tumor cell proliferation and inhibit neoangiogenesis. Objective: Develop different xenograft animal models of ccRCC, and test the efficacy of sunitinib (TKI) combined with telmisartan (ARA-2).Material & Methods: Nude mice have been injected sub-cutaneously with 786-O cells. Mice have been divied into 4 groups and received orally every day during 4 weeks: DMSO, telmisartan , sunitinib or the combination of sunitinib and telmisartan. Then animals were sacrified and their tumor was analyzed. In a second part using primary cell lines, a new mouse model was developed and tested.Results: In the first model, combined treatments (TKI+ARA-2) increased tumor necrosis, reduced microvascular density and circulant VEGF secretion. In the model developed with primary cell lines, there was a reduction in tumor growth but without increasing tumor necrosis. Conclusion: In this work, 2 different animal models of ccRCC have been developed. Sunitinib combined with telmisartan seems to potentiate anti-tumoral effects in these animal models. Further analyses are warranted to understand the different mechanisms implicated

Développement et mise au point de modèles murins de xénogreffe de carcinome rénal à cellules claires, et évaluation de la réponse de l'association d'un antagoniste des récepteurs à l'angiotensine-II au sunitinib.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are agressive tumors, with a bad prognosis when metastatic. Antiangiogenic treatments and especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have increasingly improve patients' survival, but those drugs often present side effects like hypertension. Angiotensin-II stimulates tumor cell development and VEGF secretion via the type-1 receptor. In different types of cancer, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARA-2) used as antihypertensive drugs can reduce tumor cell proliferation and inhibit neoangiogenesis. Objective: Develop different xenograft animal models of ccRCC, and test the efficacy of sunitinib (TKI) combined with telmisartan (ARA-2).Material & Methods: Nude mice have been injected sub-cutaneously with 786-O cells. Mice have been divied into 4 groups and received orally every day during 4 weeks: DMSO, telmisartan , sunitinib or the combination of sunitinib and telmisartan. Then animals were sacrified and their tumor was analyzed. In a second part using primary cell lines, a new mouse model was developed and tested.Results: In the first model, combined treatments (TKI+ARA-2) increased tumor necrosis, reduced microvascular density and circulant VEGF secretion. In the model developed with primary cell lines, there was a reduction in tumor growth but without increasing tumor necrosis. Conclusion: In this work, 2 different animal models of ccRCC have been developed. Sunitinib combined with telmisartan seems to potentiate anti-tumoral effects in these animal models. Further analyses are warranted to understand the different mechanisms implicated.Contexte : Les carcinomes rénaux à cellules claires (ccRCC) sont des tumeurs particulièrement agressives et de mauvais pronostic lorsqu'elles sont métastatiques. L'apport des traitements anti-angiogéniques et notamment des inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinases (TKI), a permis une amélioration nette en terme de survie de ces patients, mais parfois au prix d'effets secondaires tels que l'HTA. L'angiotensine-II stimule la croissance des cellules cancéreuses et la sécrétion de VEGF via le récepteur de type 1. Dans différents types de cancers, les antagonistes des récepteurs de type 1 de l'angiotensine-II (ARA-2) utilisés à visée anti-hypertensive ont pu démontrer une diminution de la prolifération cellulaire et une inhibition de la néo-angiogénèse tumorale. Objectif : Mettre au point différents modèles animaux de ccRCC et tester l'effet de l'association des traitements par sunitinib (TKI) et telmisartan (ARA-2). Matériels & Méthodes : Des souris Nude ont été injectées avec des cellules tumorales 786-O, permettant d'obtenir une tumeur sous-cutanée. Les souris ont été réparties en 4 groupes gavées quotidiennement pendant 4 semaines : avec le vecteur (DMSO), du Telmisartan, du Sunitinib ou une association Telmisartan + Sunitinib à doses thérapeutiques, puis euthanasiées pour analyse de la tumeur. Dans un 2ème temps, un autre modèle animal a été mis au point avec des cellules tumorales issues d'une lignée primaire. Résultats : L'association des traitements (TKI + ARA-2) dans le 1er modèle montrait une augmentation de la nécrose tumorale par diminution de la densité microvasculaire et de la sécrétion de VEGF circulant. Dans le modèle issu d'une lignée primaire, on notait une réduction du volume tumoral mais sans augmentation de la nécrose. Conclusion : Ce travail a permis de mettre au point 2 modèles de ccRCC. L'association d'un ARA-2 au sunitinib semble potentialiser l'effet anti-tumoral dans ces modèles expérimentaux. De plus amples études sont nécessaires pour comprendre les mécanismes impliqués

Réponse au commentaire sur la néphrectomie laparoscopique pour reins polykystiques est faisable et reproductible [Response to the comment to the laparoscopic nephrectomy for polycystic kidney is feasible and reproducible].

National audienceRefers To: M.-O. Timsit, Commentaire à la néphrectomie laparoscopique pour rein polykystique est faisable et reproductible, Progrès en Urologie, Volume 23, Issue 6, May 2013, Pages 425-42

Exérèse des nævus congénitaux géants : jusqu'où aller avec la chirurgie ? [Surgical excision of giant congenital naevi: how far can we go with surgery?].

International audienceSurgical excision of giant congenital nevi is recommended by principle for dermatological reasons. Malignant potential is real but its incidence remains widely discussed. Their excision represents a surgical challenge but is also a real assault course for the child and his family. The sequelae and the psychological effects can be important. Can an incomplete excision to limit these aesthetic after-effects and relieve the surgical treatment be acceptable? We present the case of a child affected by a giant congenital nevi of the cephalic extremity where the excision was partial. A review of the literature on the degenerative risk of the giant congenital nevi allowed us of noticed that this one tends to be overestimated. The advantages and the disadvantages to practise a preventive, premature excision and complete of the giant congenital nevi are approached. We discuss the possibility to resort to a partial excision in certain cases delicate of reconstruction under the cover of a strict and moved closer dermatological surveillance

Antiangiogenèse et cancer du rein [Renal cell carcinoma and antiangiogenic therapies]

National audienceUntil 2006, immunotherapy (interferon-alpha or interleukin 2) was the standard medical treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and its results were disappointing: despite a few cases of complete response with prolonged survival, median survival was one year. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, especially in clear cell carcinoma, has led to the development of multiple targeted therapies to inhibit key effectors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor, and mTOR (target of rapamycin). Two inhibitors targeting several protein kinases, including the VEGF receptor, have increased progression-free survival in patients with metastatic RCC and are now commercially available: sunitinib (Sutent) as first-line treatment and sorafenib (Nexavar) as second-line treatment. These targeted therapies will certainly affect overall survival, but it is too early for any firm conclusions. Their side-effects, usually low or moderate, include asthenia, anorexia, diarrhea, hand-and-foot syndrome and hypertension. Optimal management is required to ensure prolonged exposure. Other drugs have been effective: bevacizumab (Avastin), a monoclonal antibody inhibiting VEGF, increases progression-free survival as second-line treatment, and temsirolimus (Torisel), an mTOR protein kinase inhibitor, increases overall survival in the population of patients with poor prognosis. These targeted drugs will serve as the basis for development of future therapeutic strategies

An explosive urinary tract infection.

International audienc

Maladie d'Erdheim-Chester : à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature. [Erdheim-Chester disease: Report of a case and literature review].

International audienceThe Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhans hystiocytose acquired in adults. It results from a xanthogranulomatous infiltration, consists of histioccytes foamy and is characterized by heterogeneous systemic manifestations. The most frequent clinical manifestations of the disease are the bone with a long bone uptake on bone scintigraphy99Tc (Dion et al., 2006 [1]) and urological damage with an array of pseudo retroperitoneal fibrosis. We report the case of a 64-year-old man in whom was founded in the course of acute obstructive renal disease with Erdheim-Chester pseudofibrose retroperitoneal