Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME)

162 pages.-- This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0)The Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology met in 2021 to address new information on marine mammal ecology relevant to management. Two terms of references were standing ToRs; under the first of these, ToR A, new and updated information on seal and cetacean population abundance, population/stock structure, manage-ment frameworks as well as anthropogenic threats to individual health and population status were reviewed along with findings on threats to marine mammals such as bycatch, pollution, marine debris and noise. ToR B is a cooperation with WGBIODIV to review species-specific for-aging distributions (considering horizontal and vertical dimensions depending on data availa-bility) and to estimate consumption by marine mammal species representative in case study ar-eas. ToR C was implemented to review aspects of marine mammal fishery interactions not cov-ered by ICES WGBYC. ToR D is the second standing ToR and concerns updating the WGMME seal database, which was updated with the latest dataN

Thermodynamic Analysis of Isomerization Equilibria of Chlorotoluenes and Dichlorobenzenes in a Biphasic Reaction Systems Containing Highly Acidic Chloroaluminate Melts

Thermodynamics and kinetics of the isomerization of chlorotoluenes and dichlorobenzene to the technically desired <i>meta</i>-isomers have been studied in the presence of highly acidic chloroaluminate melts with alkali metal and organic imidazolium cations. Enthalpies of four isomerization processes in reacting systems of chlorotoluenes and dichlorobenzene were obtained from temperature dependencies of the corresponding equilibrium constants in the liquid phase. Experimental reaction enthalpies, enthalpies of vaporization, and absolute vapor pressures of chlorotoluenes and dichlorobenzene have been used for the validation of quantum-chemical methods to predict thermodynamic functions of the four reactions under study successfully. Values of the standard Gibbs energies of formation, standard enthalpies and entropies of formation of chlorotoluenes and dichlorobenzenes in the liquid and in the gas phase have been derived. These values allow optimization of liquid–liquid biphasic manufacturing technologies for halogen-substituted benzenes

The Vaporization Enthalpy and Vapor Pressure of (<i>d</i>)‑Amphetamine and of Several Primary Amines Used as Standards at <i>T</i>/K = 298 As Evaluated by Correlation Gas Chromatography and Transpiration

The vapor pressures of several aliphatic and phenyl substituted primary amines at <i>T</i>/K = 298.15 are measured by transpiration studies, and their vaporization enthalpies are calculated. The results were combined with compatible literature values to evaluate both the vaporization enthalpy and vapor pressure of (<i>d</i>)-amphetamine by correlation gas chromatography. The results are compared to existing values either estimated or measured for racemic amphetamine. Vaporization enthalpies and vapor pressures at <i>T</i>/K = 298.15 of the following were measured by transpiration (kJ·mol^–1, <i>p</i>/Pa): 1-heptanamine, (49.75 ± 0.38, 291); 1-octanamine, (55.05 ± 0.29, 108); 1-decanamine, (64.94 ± 0.32, 12); benzylamine, (54.32 ± 0.32, 88); (<i>dl</i>)-α-methylbenzylamine, (55.26 ± 0.33, 82); 2-phenethylamine (57.51 ± 0.35, 43). The use of several of these materials as standards resulted in a vaporization enthalpy and vapor pressure for (<i>d</i>)-amphetamine at <i>T</i>/K = 298.15 of (58.2 ± 2.7) kJ mol^–1 and (38 ± 12) Pa

Thermochemistry of Halogen-Substituted Methylbenzenes

Experimental vapor pressures, vaporization, fusion, and sublimation enthalpies of a number of bromo- and iodo-substituted methylbenzenes have been studied by transpiration method in order to evaluate a series of experimental measurements that appear to be internally self-consistent. The compounds studied in this regard include bromobenzene, iodobenzene, 1-bromo-2-methylbenzene, 1-bromo-3-methylbenzene, 1-bromo-4-methylbenzene, 1-iodo-2-methylbenzene, 1-iodo-3-methylbenzene, 1-iodo-4-methylbenzene, 1-bromo-2,6-dimethylbenzene, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene, and 1-iodo-2,4-dimethylbenzene. Gas-phase enthalpies of formation of halogen-substituted methylbenzenes were calculated by using quantum-chemical methods. Simple group-additivity procedures were developed for estimation of vaporization enthalpies and gas-phase and liquid-phase enthalpies of formation of halogen-substituted methylbenzenes