Opposite effects of methanandamide on lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 and F2α synthesis in uterine explants from pregnant mice

Prostaglandins (PG) are effective abortifacients and are important mediators of lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-induced embryonic resorption (ER). Besides, anandamide (AEA) has been described as one of the major endocannabinoids present in the uterus suggesting that it might play a role in reproduction. It has been reported that high levels of AEA are associated with pregnancy failure and that LPS increases AEA production. Also, it has been observed that AEA modulates PG production in different tissues. In this sense, we studied whether LPS-induced PG production is modulated by AEA and we also assessed the effect of this endocannabinoid on PG metabolism in an in vitro model. Uterine explants from BALB/c implantation sites were cultured in the presence of LPS plus cannabinoid receptor (CB) specific antagonists and PG production was assessed. Then, we studied the effect of exogenous AEA on different steps of PG metabolic pathway. We showed that AEA is involved in LPS-induced PG biosynthesis. Also, we observed that AEA exerts opposite effects on PGE2 and PGF2α biosynthesis, by inhibiting PGE2 production and increasing PGF2α levels. We suggest that AEA could be involved in the mechanisms implicated in LPS-induced ER. A better understanding of how AEA could be affecting ER could help developing specific interventions to prevent this pathology.Fil: Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Aisemberg, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Cella, Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Ana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Wolfson, Manuel Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Franchi, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Participation of anandamide in lipopolysaccharide-induced embryonic resorption in mice

La anandamida (AEA), el endocannabinoide más abundante en el tracto reproductivo, es un importante mediador de los procesos de implantación y desarrollo embrionario pero niveles elevados de esta molécula en el útero son perjudiciales. A su vez, el óxido nítrico (NO) y las prostaglandinas (PGs) están involucrados en la reabsorción embrionaria (RE) inducida por lipopolisacárido (LPS). En varios trabajos se ha descripto que el LPS modula la producción de AEA y que ésta interacciona con el NO y las PGs. Por ello, estudiamos si este endocannabinoide estaba implicado en la RE inducida por LPS en el útero y la decidua de ratón durante la preñez temprana, evaluando su participación en un modelo in vitro. Observamos que tanto en el útero como en la decidua, el LPS tiene importantes efectos sobre el sistema endocannabinoide (SEC) modulando la síntesis y la degradación de AEA y la expresión de los receptores de estos compuestos (receptores de cannabinoides, CB). Demostramos también que la AEA induce su propio catabolismo en la decidua. Por otro lado, encontramos que la AEA media el efecto estimulatorio del LPS sobre la síntesis de NO y la expresión de la NO sintasa inducible (NOSi), a través de sus receptores específicos. También hallamos que la AEA participa en la modulación que ejerce el LPS sobre el camino biosintético de las PGs, hecho que puede contribuir a la contracción miometrial que favorece la expulsión de los fetos en un proceso de sepsis. Se estudiaron distintas enzimas del camino biosintético y del metabolismo de las PGs, y se observó que la AEA aumenta la expresión de la Ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2) mientras que inhibe la de la PGE sintasa microsomal 1 (PGESm-1) e incrementa la síntesis del metabolito de PGE2 (PGEM). Por otro lado, el efecto deletéreo de la endotoxina sobre los tejidos estudiados pudo ser bloqueado en parte cuando se co-incuba con antagonistas de los receptores de cannabinoides, sugiriendo que estos compuestos son parte del mecanismo de acción del LPS.Mouse uterus contains the highest levels of anandamida (AEA), one of the major endocannabinoids studied so far, suggesting an important role for this substance in reproduction. AEA levels fluctuate with the state of pregnancy: down-regulation is associated with uterine receptivity, while up-regulation has been shown to impair pregnancy and embryo development in mice. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced embryonic resorption. Numerous studies have examined the relationship between LPS and AEA and the interaction of this endocannabinoid with NO and PGs. In this sense, we studied whether AEA is involved in LPS- induced embryonic resorption in murine uterus and decidua during early pregnancy, evaluating its participation in an in vitro model. We found that LPS had a profound effect on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulating AEA synthesis and its degradation, and affected the expression of cannabinoid receptors (CB) both in the uterus and in the decidua. We also observed that AEA induced its own catabolism in the decidua. On the other hand, AEA mediated LPS-induced NO production and increased the expression of the inducible form of the Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), through cannabinoid receptors (CB). In addition, AEA mediated LPS-induced PG production and this fact may contribute to myometrial contraction which, in turn, favors the expulsion of the fetus during sepsis. We studied several enzymes that participate in PG synthesis and metabolism and we found that AEA increased Ciclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, down-regulated microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES-1) levels and augmented PGE2 metabolite (PGEM) synthesis. We also showed that LPS induced tissue damage and this effect is abrogated, in part, when tissues are co-incubated with CB antagonists, suggesting that AEA is involved in the deleterious effect of LPS.Fil:Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

Endocannabinoid System and Nitric Oxide are Involved in the Deleterious Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Murine Decidua

Endocannabinoids are an important family of lipid-signaling molecules that are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and anandamide (AEA) was the first member identified. The uterus contains the highest concentrations of AEA yet discovered in mammalian tissues and this suggests that it might play a role in reproduction. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that AEA modulated NO synthesis in rat placenta. The production of small amounts of nitric oxide regulates various physiological reproductive processes such as implantation, decidualization and myometrial relaxation. But in an inflammatory setting such as sepsis, NO is produced in big amounts and has toxic effects as it is a free radical. The results presented in this study indicate that LPS-induced NO synthesis and tissue damage were mediated by AEA. Decidual LPS-induced NO production was abrogated either by co-incubation with CB1 (AM251) or CB2 (SR144528) antagonists which suggests that both receptors could be mediating this effect. On the other hand, LPS-induced tissue damage and this deleterious effect was partially abrogated by incubating tissue explants with LPS plus CB1 receptor antagonist. Our findings suggest that AEA, probably by increasing NO synthesis, participates in the deleterious effect of LPS in implantation sites. These effects could be involved in pathological reproductive events such as septic abortion.Fil: Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Aisemberg, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Billi, Silvia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Wolfson, Manuel Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Franchi, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Progesterone reverts LPS-reduced FAAH activity in murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by a receptor-mediated fashion

Increased anandamide concentrations are associated with pregnancy failure. Anandamide levels are regulated by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). The aim of the study was to investigate the role of progesterone (P) on FAAH modulation in murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) under septic conditions. We observed that in vivo administration of LPS to non-pregnant (NP) mice decreased FAAH activity of PBMC while in pregnant mice no changes in FAAH activity were observed. NP animals administered with P had a similar response to LPS as the pregnant animals. Also, NP mice injected with P antagonist and P showed that the effect of P on LPS-reduced FAAH activity was impaired. Furthermore, LPS produced a decrease in the ratio of PR-B/PR-A in NP animals. Our results showed that, in our model the endotoxin decreased PBMC’s FAAH activity and this condition was reverted by P in a receptor-mediated fashion.Fil: Wolfson, Manuel Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Aisemberg, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Ana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez Rubio, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Franchi, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Behavioral phenotyping of Nestin-Cre mice: Implications for genetic mouse models of psychiatric disorders

Genetic mouse models based on the Cre-loxP system have been extensively used to explore the influence of specific gene deletions on different aspects of behavioral neurobiology. However, the interpretation of the effects attributed to the gene deletion might be obscured by potential side effects secondary to the Cre recombinase transgene insertion or Cre activity, usually neither controlled nor reported. Here, we performed a comprehensive behavioral analysis of endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders in the extensively used NestinCre mouse line, commonly employed to restrict genetic modifications to the CNS. We observed no alterations in locomotion, general exploratory activity, learning and memory, sociability, startle response and sensorimotor gating. Although the overall response to stimuli triggering anxiety-like behaviors remained unaltered in NestinCre mice, a strong impairment in the acquisition of both contextual- and cued-conditioned fear was observed. These results underline the importance of adequately controlling the behavioral performance of the employed Cre-lines per-se in pre-clinical neurobehavioral research.Fil: Giusti, Sebastian Alejandro. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; AlemaniaFil: Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación En Biomedicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Vogl, Annette M.. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; AlemaniaFil: Kolarz, Adam W.. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; AlemaniaFil: Pino, Natalia S.. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; AlemaniaFil: Deussing, Jan M.. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; AlemaniaFil: Refojo, Damian. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Alemani

Induction of apoptosis in T lymphoma cells by long-term treatment with thyroxine involves PKCf nitration by nitric oxide synthase

Thyroid hormones are important regulators of cell physiology, inducing cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, depending on the cell type. Thyroid hormones induce proliferation in short-term T lymphocyte cultures. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term thyroxine (T4) treatment on the balance of proliferation and apoptosis and the intermediate participants in T lymphoma cells. Treatment with T4 affected this balance from the fifth day of culture, inhibiting proliferation in a time-dependent manner. This effect was associated with apoptosis induction, as characterized through nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide co-staining. In addition, increased iNOS gene and protein levels, and enzyme activity were observed. The generation of reactive oxygen species, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and a reduction in glutathione levels were also observed. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants species is typically associated with the nitration of proteins, including PKCf, an isoenzyme essential for lymphoma cell division and survival. Consistently, evidence of PKCf nitration via proteasome degradation was also observed in this study. Taken together, these results suggest that the long-term culture of T lymphoma cells with T4 induces apoptosis through the increased production of oxidative species resulting from both augmented iNOS activity and the loss of mitochondrial function. These species induce the nitration of proteins involved in cell viability, promoting proteasome degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of these results on the modulation of T lymphoma growth and the thyroid status in vivo.Fil: Barreiro Arcos, María Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Sterle, Helena Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Vercelli, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Investigacio´n en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Valli, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Cayrol, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Klecha, Alicia Juana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Paulazo, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Flaqué, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; ArgentinaFil: Franchi, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Cremaschi, Graciela Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de Los Buenos Aires"; Argentin