Mutilación genital femenina: situación basal, disfunción sexual asociada y manejo de la misma

En este trabajo se hace una revisión bibliográfica acerca de la mutilación genital femenina (MGF) y una de sus complicaciones: la disfunción sexual. El objetivo es refrescar los conocimientos en este tema y poner de manifiesto que es necesaria la realización de estudios de mejor calidad en este campo. A pesar de ser una práctica anecdótica en Occidente, la mutilación genital femenina es una violación de los derechos humanos que tiene una prevalencia altísima a nivel mundial. Además, presenta ciertas complicaciones médicas (infecciosas, obstétricas, urinarias, etc.) que no han de ser desdeñadas por los profesionales sanitarios que atienden a mujeres procedentes de países donde esta práctica es común. El énfasis en la disfunción sexual derivada de esta práctica pretende destacar que también hay que prestar atención a esta complicación, puesto que están demostradas las secuelas que la MGF provoca a nivel de la función sexual femenina, las cuales se miden mediante el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (FSFI). Por último, se proponen técnicas de desinfibulación y reconstrucción clitoriana.This paper is a review of female genital mutilation (FGM) and one of its complications: sexual dysfunction. The aim is to update the knowledge on this topic and to bring up the fact that further investigation is needed. Although its practice is anecdotal in developed countries, female genital mutilation is a human rights violation and its prevalence is extremely high worldwide. Moreover, FGM is related to several medical complications, such as obstetric, infectious or urinary complications, that clinicians must be aware of when they assist women who come from countries where this practice is common. Our emphasis on sexual dysfunction related to FGM tries to highlight the fact that we must also take care of this complication, which has been proved in several papers and it is usually measured by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Finally, we present several deinfibulation and clitoral reconstruction techniques

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Phenolics from Bidens humilis

A bioassay-oriented approach led to the isolation of 11 compounds, including three new natural flavonoids, (2S)-isookanin 7-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (1), (2S)-isookanin 7-O-(2′′-acetyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (2), and luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6), from Bidens humilis aerial parts. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The antioxidant activity of all compounds was also tested by three different assays. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) is applied herein, from the perspective of statistics, by integrating the antioxidant capacity data determined by these chemical method

Phenolic compounds from clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) govaerts (Lamiaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the leaf extracts of Clinopodium tomentosum (Kunth) Govaerts (Lamiaceae) allowed the isolation of one new compound, named 2-O-benzoyl-3-O-cinnamoyl tartaric acid, along with twelve known compounds, dihydrodehydroconiferyl alcohol 9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, blumenol c glucoside, syringaresinol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hesperetin, pinocembrin 7-O-rutinoside, clinopodic acid E, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid methyl ester, caffeic acid ethyl ester, rosmarinic acid, and rosmarinic acid methyl ester. Their structural characterization was obtained on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including mono- and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) experiments and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS)

Involvement of redox signalling in tumour cell dormancy and metastasis

Decades of research on oncogene-driven carcinogenesis and gene-expression regulatory networks only started to unveil the complexity of tumour cellular and molecular biology. This knowledge has been successfully implemented in the clinical practice to treat primary tumours. In contrast, much less progress has been made in the development of new therapies against metastasis, which are the main cause of cancer-related deaths. More recently, the role of epigenetic and microenviromental factors has been shown to play a key role in tumour progression. Free radicals are known to communicate the intracellular and extracellular compartments, acting as second messengers and exerting a decisive modulatory effect on tumour cell signalling. Depending on the cellular and molecular context, as well as the intracellular concentration of free radicals and the activation status of the antioxidant system of the cell, the signalling equilibrium can be tilted either towards tumour cell survival and progression or cell death. In this regard, recent advances in tumour cell biology and metastasis indicate that redox signalling is at the base of many cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental mechanisms that control disseminated tumour cell fate and metastasis. In this manuscript, we will review the current knowledge about redox signalling along the different phases of the metastatic cascade, including tumour cell dormancy, making emphasis on metabolism and the establishment of supportive microenvironmental connections, from a redox perspective.Universidad de Granada/CBUAJunta de Andalucia PI-0068-2021 PI-0072-2019Consejeria de Universidad, Investigacion e Innovacion de la Junta de Andalucia (Spain) EMERGIA20_0031

Sesquiterpenes and diterpenes from Ambrosia arborescens.

Six compounds, eudesm-11(13)-en-4 beta,9 beta-diol, 15R,16-dihydroxy-3-oxoisopimar-9(11)-ene, 15S,16-dihydroxy-3-oxoisopimar-9(11)-ene, 1 alpha-hydroxy-7-oxo-iso-anhydrooplopanone, 10 alpha-hydroxy-11,13-dihydro-5-epi-psilostachyin, and 4 beta-hydroxypseudoguaian-12,6-olide 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, together with 12 known sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the leaves of Ambrosia arborescens. Structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy including 1D-TOCSY, DQF-COSY, 2D-ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, as well as by ESI mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the 15,16-diol moiety in 15R,16-dihydroxy-3-oxoisopimar-9(11)-ene and 15S,16-dihydroxy-3-oxoisopimar-9(11)-ene was determined using Snatzke's method. All compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity

Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase from Andromachia igniaria Humb. & Bonpl

Two new flavonoids, (2S)-3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone 7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavone 7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) along with fourteen known compounds were isolated from Andromachia igniaria aerial part extracts. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR. The hypoglycemic properties of all extracts and pure compounds were evaluated measuring α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. The n-butanol among the extracts was found to be the best inhibitor of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, while among compounds the most active were: bidenoside F and luteolin 4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside as α-amylase inhibitors; eriodictyol, butein and okanin as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Results demonstrated that A. igniaria can represent an important natural source with high biological values, helpful to control postprandial hypoglycemia

Risk of Infective Endocarditis Associated with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Propensity Score-Based Analysis

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a feared complication after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)/transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It is not certain which procedure carries a higher risk. Our aim was to assess the risk of IE after SAVR/TAVI. Methods: We conducted an observational study of a prospective cohort, including patients with TAVI/SAVR, from March 2015 to December 2020. IE was defined according to the modified Duke’s criteria. IE occurring during the first 12 months of the procedure was considered early IE, and an episode occurring after 12 months was considered late IE. The propensity score was designed to include variables previously associated with TAVI/SAVR and IE. An inverse probability of treatment weight was generated. Results: In total, 355 SAVR and 278 TAVI were included. Median follow-up, 38 vs. 41 months, p = 0.550. IE occurred in 5 SAVR (1.41%, 95% CI 0.2–2.6) vs. 13 TAVI (4.65%, 95% CI 2.2–7.2), p = 0.016. TAVI patients had more frequent early IE (3.2% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.006). In the PS analyses, IE risk did not differ: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.32–1.32. Factors associated with TAVI IE included younger age (74y vs. 83y, p = 0.030), complicated diabetes mellitus (38.5% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.002), COPD (46.2% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.015), advanced heart failure (100% vs. 52.9%, p p = 0.011). Conclusions: Early IE was higher with TAVI, but in the PS analyses, the risk attributable to each procedure was similar. Studies are needed to identify and optimize the risk factors of IE prior to TAVI