Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de cárie e de fatores de risco em crianças com idade até 36 meses cadastradas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE-UERJ). Após a obtenção de consentimento livre e informado, foi realizada uma entrevista com os responsáveis por meio da qual foram avaliados os fatores de risco à cárie, incluindo condições sócio-econômico-culturais, hábitos de higiene oral e de dieta. Um único examinador realizou o exame bucal das crianças para a avaliação de cárie, de biofilme dental e de sangramento gengival. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do programa Epi Info, utilizando-se o teste qui-quadrado. As crianças tinham em média 22,9 meses de idade. A prevalência de cárie encontrada, incluindo lesões não cavitadas, foi de 41,6% e o índice ceo-s foi de 1,7 (± 2,5). Os dentes mais afetados foram os anteriores superiores e o tipo de lesão mais comum foi a mancha branca ativa. Não houve associação significativa estatisticamente entre a prevalência de cárie e os fatores sócio-econômico-culturais, freqüência de higiene, hábito de amamentação noturna e dieta cariogênica durante o dia. Entretanto, a associação entre cárie e presença de biofilme dental foi considerada altamente significativa (p < 0,001). Os resultados sugerem que o acúmulo de biofilme dental espesso foi o fator preponderante para a ocorrência da cárie de estabelecimento precoce na amostra avaliada.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and risk factors in outpatients of the Pediatric Ambulatory of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital aging up to 36 months. After signing informed consent forms, the parents answered a structured questionnaire in order to evaluate risk factors for dental caries, including socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dietary habits. A single investigator carried out the dental examination which assessed the presence of caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding. The data were analyzed by means of the Epi Info program, utilizing the chi-squared test. The childrens mean age was 22.9 months. The prevalence of caries, including white spot lesions, was 41.6%, and the mean def-s was 1.7 (± 2.5). The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors, and the most common lesion was the white spot. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of caries and socioeconomic status, frequency of oral hygiene, nocturnal bottle- and breast-feeding or cariogenic food and beverage intake during the day. However, the association between caries and oral hygiene quality (dental biofilm) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the presence of a thick biofilm was the most important factor for the occurrence of early childhood caries in the evaluated sample

Проєкт будівництва двоповерхового дитячого садку у місті Дніпро

У дипломному проекті 60 сторінок, 14 таблиць, 1 додаток, 15 джерел посилань. Об’єкт роботи – двоповерховий дитячий садок, що проектується за адресою: м. Дніпро, Новокодацький р-н, вул. Вільямса, 29. Мета роботи – запроектувати дитячий садок на території з ігровими майданчиками за малими архітектурними формами. Результати проекту та новизна. Планувальна система будівлі передбачає основні приміщення та допоміжні. Кожне приміщення має вікно для освітлення природним світлом і для провітрювання. Визначено глибину закладення фундаменту, теплотехнічний розрахунок огороджувальних конструкцій, визначено нормовані значення опору теплопередачі огороджувальних конструкцій. Проведено розрахунок плит перекриття. Обрана раціональна схема суміщення технологічних процесів. Розроблено енергетичний паспорт будівлі, проект виконання робіт та відповідні технологічні карти. Спроектовано фундамент палі, що складається зі збірних забивних залізобетонних паль і монолітного ростверку. Пояснювальна записка включає в себе проектну розробку, в якій розглядаються наступні розділи: загальна архітектурно-будівельне проектування; проектування будівельних конструкцій; організаційно-технологічне проектування; прийнято міри з охорони оточуючої середи та з охорони праці. В архітектурно-будівельної частини розроблений генеральний план, що включає в себе основні об'єкти, елементи благоустрою і озеленення. Будівля є двоповерховою з несучими зовнішніми та внутрішніми стінами з цегли, та частково використовуються підвалом і горищем. Для раціональної організації робіт зі зведення будівлі розроблений будгенплан. На вільних від забудови і покриттів просторах передбачається групова посадка дерев, чагарників, посів трав і пристрій квітників. Сфера застосування – спорудження об’єктів для цивільного призначення. Практичне значення роботи – підвищення техніко-економічних та культурносоціальних аспектів цивільного будівництва.In section 60 projects, 14 tables, 1 appendix, 15 sources. The object of work is a two-storey kindergarten, which is designed at the address: Dnipro, street Williams, 29. The purpose of the work is to invite a kindergarten to this one with playgrounds for crimson architectural formats. Project results and novelty. The planning system builds the main premises and additional ones. Each room has a window for natural light and for lighting. The deep fundamental basis, the heat engineering project of enclosing designs, and also the important support of heat transfer of enclosing designs are normalized. The floor tile was inspected. Processing of the rational scheme of strengthening of technological processes. The energy passport of the building, the project of research and answers of technological maps are developed. The foundation of the field was designed, which made the assembled downhole reinforced concrete fingers and monolithic growth. The note dealing with the manufacturer's project is explained, and the following sections are considered: general architectural and construction design; design of building structures; organizational and technological design; you need to take action using the environment and working. In the architectural and construction part, a master plan has been developed, which includes the main objects, elements of landscaping and landscaping. The building is two-storey with dirty exterior and interior walls from the purpose, and the private uses a basement and attic. For a rational organization we worked with the construction of the developed budget plan. On free from construction and coverings group groupings of trees, bushes, the damaged injuries and devices of flower beds simply become. Scope - the construction of internal elements for civil investigation. Practical work is the technical-economic and cultural-political aspects of civil engineering

Estudo transversal da evolução da dentição decídua: forma dos arcos, sobressaliência e sobremordida

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics (shape of dental arches, overjet and overbite) of the primary dentition of 6- to 39-month-old children from four nurseries of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to associate them to gender and dentition phase. It was observed that 68.6% of the children presented round upper arch, while 31.4% had triangular upper arch; 92% of the children presented U-shaped lower arch and 8% had square-shaped lower arch. Moderate overjet was observed in 38.3% of the children, and slight overjet, in 30.3%. Severe (26.6%) and negative (25.5%) overbites were the most prevalent modalities of that condition. There was no association between gender and the studied characteristics. There was statistically significant association between the dentition phase and the shape of the arch, overjet and overbite (p < 0.001, chi-square test). It was possible to observe, in the present study, that early signs of malocclusions appeared when first primary molars erupted, as the posterior vertical dimension of occlusion increased. It was, thus, verified that early signs of malocclusions appear as the primary dentition develops. It is very important that the first dental visit occur during the first year of age, since it allows the pediatric dentist to prevent or carry out an early diagnosis of malocclusions in the primary dentition.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características da dentição decídua de crianças de 6 a 39 meses de idade, matriculadas em quatro creches do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram avaliadas a forma dos arcos dentários, sobressaliência e sobremordida, relacionando-as com gênero e fase de desenvolvimento da dentição decídua. Com relação ao arco superior, 68,6% das crianças possuíam arco arredondado e 31,4% forma triangular. Quanto ao arco inferior, 92% o apresentaram em forma de "U" e 8% em forma de quadrado. A sobressaliência moderada ocorreu em 38,3%, enquanto que a leve ocorreu em 30,3% das crianças. A sobremordida exagerada (26,6%) e a negativa (25,5%) foram as mais prevalentes. Não houve diferença significante entre as freqüências das diferentes formas dos arcos dentários, sobressaliência e sobremordida em relação ao gênero. Houve uma associação estatisticamente significante (qui-quadrado, p < 0,001) entre a forma dos arcos superiores, o grau de sobressaliência e o grau de sobremordida em relação à fase de desenvolvimento da dentição. No presente estudo, foi possível observar um aumento significativo das maloclusões com a erupção dos primeiros molares decíduos e elevação da dimensão posterior. Dessa forma, torna-se extremamente importante que a primeira visita odontológica ocorra no primeiro ano de vida, possibilitando ao odontopediatra a prevenção ou diagnóstico precoce de maloclusões na dentição decídua em desenvolvimento

Management of dental caries lesions in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Caries management at the lesion level is dependent on the lesion activity, the presence of a cavitation (either cleanable or non-cleanable), and lesion depth as evaluated via radiographic examination. A variety of non-invasive, micro-invasive, and minimally invasive treatment (with or without restoration) options are available for primary and permanent teeth. Non-invasive strategies include oral hygiene instructions, dietary counseling, and personal as well as professional use of fluoridated products that reduce demineralization and increase re-mineralization. Micro-invasive procedures include the use of occlusal resin sealants and resin infiltrants, while minimally invasive strategies comprise those related to selective removal of caries tissues and placement of restorations. Deep caries management includes indirect pulp capping, while exposed pulp may be treated using direct pulp capping and partial or complete pulpotomy. The aim of the present study was to review available evidence on recommended preventive and restorative strategies for caries lesions in Latin American/Caribbean countries, and subsequently develop evidence-based recommendations for treatment options that take into consideration material availability, emphasize ways to adapt available treatments to the local context, and suggest ways in which dentists and health systems can adopt these treatments

Caries prevalence and risk factors among children aged 0 to 36 months

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of caries and risk factors in outpatients of the Pediatric Ambulatory of the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital aging up to 36 months. After signing informed consent forms, the parents answered a structured questionnaire in order to evaluate risk factors for dental caries, including socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dietary habits. A single investigator carried out the dental examination which assessed the presence of caries, biofilm and gingival bleeding. The data were analyzed by means of the Epi Info program, utilizing the chi-squared test. The children?s mean age was 22.9 months. The prevalence of caries, including white spot lesions, was 41.6%, and the mean def-s was 1.7 (± 2.5). The most affected teeth were the maxillary incisors, and the most common lesion was the white spot. No significant associations were found between the prevalence of caries and socioeconomic status, frequency of oral hygiene, nocturnal bottle- and breast-feeding or cariogenic food and beverage intake during the day. However, the association between caries and oral hygiene quality (dental biofilm) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the presence of a thick biofilm was the most important factor for the occurrence of early childhood caries in the evaluated sample

The effect of pulp inflammation and premature extraction of primary molars on the successor permanent teeth: A retrospective study

Background: Untreated caries on primary molars often leads to pulp inflammation and extraction. Aim: To retrospectively investigate the effect of pulp inflammation and extraction of primary molars on their successors regarding alignment in the dental arch and developmental enamel defects (DED). Design: The participants in this study were children at public schools in Petropolis (Brazil), who participated in a 3-year longitudinal clinical trial. Children (N = 44) were selected for the present study if they had at least one erupted premolar of which the predecessor primary molar presented pulp inflammation at baseline or during any of the 6-month follow-up assessments. All premolars were examined for DED and misalignment. Distinction was made between extraction performed before (E <8) or after the age of 8 years (E ≥8). Distinction was also made between pulp inflammation occurred before (P < 7) or after the age of 7 years (P ≥ 7). A logistic regression analysis was performed, and the odds ratio was calculated. Results and conclusions: Misalignment occurred more frequently in E <8 as compared to E ≥8 (OR = 2.85; P =.03). There was no significant difference in DED between P < 7 and P ≥ 7. Conclusion: Misalignment of premolars occurs more frequently when the predecessor primary molars are extracted before the age of 8 years