Обучение иностранных учащихся развёртыванию монологического дискурса на основе катафорических средств

The paper describes the formation of students' skills for the optimal development of monologic discourse in a foreign (Russian) language. The relevance of the work is based on the problems associated with the development of monologic discourse by foreign philology students who have a prior learning experience with the use of traditional teaching methods. The novelty of the study consists in the use of cataphoric means in teaching students monologic speech, where these means can indicate the development vector of actualized discourse. The proposed theoretical model has been verified under the conditions of a psycholinguistic laboratory experiment conducted at the A.S. Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, as well as in other universities.El documento describe la formación de las habilidades de los estudiantes para el desarrollo óptimo del discurso monológico en un idioma extranjero (ruso). La relevancia del trabajo se basa en los problemas asociados con el desarrollo del discurso monológico por estudiantes extranjeros de filología que tienen una experiencia de aprendizaje previa con el uso de métodos de enseñanza tradicionales. La novedad del estudio consiste en el uso de medios catafóricos para enseñar a los estudiantes el habla monológica, donde estos medios pueden indicar el vector de desarrollo del discurso actualizado. El modelo teórico propuesto ha sido verificado bajo las condiciones de un experimento de laboratorio psicolingüístico realizado en el A.S. Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, así como en otras universidades.Статья посвящена вопросам формирования у учащихся умений оптимально развёртывать монологический дискурс на иностранном (русском) языке. Актуальность работы обусловлена проблемами, связанными с развёртыванием монологического дискурса иностранными учащимися-филологами, ранее занимавшимися по традиционным методикам обучения. Новизна исследования состоит в использовании при обучении монологу катафорических средств, способных указывать на вектор развёртывания актуализированного дискурса. Предлагаемая теоретическая модель верифицирована в условиях психолингвистического лабораторного эксперимента, проводимого в Государственном институте русского языка имени А.С. Пушкина, а также в других вузах

The HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib Radiosensitizes Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

The molecular chaperone HSP90 is involved in stabilization and function of multiple client proteins, many of which represent important oncogenic drivers in NSCLC. Utilization of HSP90 inhibitors as radiosensitizing agents is a promising approach. The antitumor activity of ganetespib, HSP90 inhibitor, was evaluated in human lung adenocarcinoma (AC) cells for its ability to potentiate the effects of IR treatment in both in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxic effects of ganetespib included; G2/M cell cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA repair, apoptosis induction, and promotion of senescence. All of these antitumor effects were both concentration- and time-dependent. Both pretreatment and post-radiation treatment with ganetespib at low nanomolar concentrations induced radiosensitization in lung AC cells in vitro. Ganetespib may impart radiosensitization through multiple mechanisms: such as down regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway; diminished DNA repair capacity and promotion of cellular senescence. In vivo, ganetespib reduced growth of T2821 tumor xenografts in mice and sensitized tumors to IR. Tumor irradiation led to dramatic upregulation of β-catenin expression in tumor tissues, an effect that was mitigated in T2821 xenografts when ganetespib was combined with IR treatments. These data highlight the promise of combining ganetespib with IR therapies in the treatment of AC lung tumors

Drug-Selected Human Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Cytokine Network, Tumorigenic and Metastatic Properties

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor regeneration after chemotherapy, although direct confirmation of this remains forthcoming. We therefore investigated whether drug treatment could enrich and maintain CSCs and whether the high tumorogenic and metastatic abilities of CSCs were based on their marked ability to produce growth and angiogenic factors and express their cognate receptors to stimulate tumor cell proliferation and stroma formation. Methodology/Findings: Treatment of lung tumor cells with doxorubicin, cisplatin, or etoposide resulted in the selection of drug surviving cells (DSCs). These cells expressed CD133, CD117, SSEA-3, TRA1-81, Oct-4, and nuclear β-catenin and lost expression of the differentiation markers cytokeratins 8/18 (CK 8/18). DSCs were able to grow as tumor spheres, maintain self-renewal capacity, and differentiate. Differentiated progenitors lost expression of CD133, gained CK 8/18 and acquired drug sensitivity. In the presence of drugs, differentiation of DSCs was abrogated allowing propagation of cells with CSC-like characteristics. Lung DSCs demonstrated high tumorogenic and metastatic potential following inoculation into SCID mice, which supported their classification as CSCs. Luminex analysis of human and murine cytokines in sonicated lysates of parental- and CSC-derived tumors revealed that CSC-derived tumors contained two- to three-fold higher levels of human angiogenic and growth factors (VEGF, bFGF, IL-6, IL-8, HGF, PDGF-BB, G-CSF, and SCGF-β). CSCs also showed elevated levels of expression of human VEGFR2, FGFR2, CXCR1, 2 and 4 receptors. Moreover, human CSCs growing in SCID mice stimulated murine stroma to produce elevated levels of angiogenic and growth factors. Conlusions/Significance: These findings suggest that chemotherapy can lead to propagation of CSCs and prevention of their differentiation. The high tumorigenic and metastatic potentials of CSCs are associated with efficient cytokine network production that may represent a target for increased efficacy of cancer therapy. © 2008 Levina et al

Современные стратегии терапии персистирующей бронхиальной астмы у подростков

Bronchial asthma remains one of the most common non-infectious diseases. In children, the highest prevalence and incidence of asthma is observed in adolescence. Difficulties in achieving and maintaining control over the disease in adolescents are due to the peculiarities of their socio-psychological adaptation, low adherence to therapy, and poor doctor-patient interaction. To achieve maximum control over the disease in children and adolescents suffering from moderate bronchial asthma, according to current guidelines, combined drugs should be used. A number of conciliation documents on asthma adopted the concept of using a single inhaler from the third stage of treatment, which is used both as a basic therapy and for relieving exacerbations. A large number of studies have demonstrated successful experience with the use of such tactics, including in adolescents in real clinical practice. It is proved that this approach increases adherence to therapy, reduces the risk of exacerbations, and improves the control over the disease. However, further research is needed, because therapy with a single inhaler has age limits. Бронхиальная астма остается одним из самых распространенных неинфекционных заболеваний. У детей наибольшая распространенность и заболеваемость астмой отмечается в подростковом возрасте. Трудности достижения и подержания контроля над болезнью у подростков обусловлены особенностями их социально-психологической адаптации, низкой приверженностью к терапии и плохим взаимодействием между врачом и пациентом. Для достижения максимального контроля над болезнью у детей и подростков, страдающих среднетяжелой бронхиальной астмой, согласно современным руководствам, следует использовать комбинированные препараты. В ряде согласительных документов по астме с 3-й ступени лечения принята концепция использования единого ингалятора, который применяется и в качестве базисной терапии, и для купирования обострений. В большом количестве исследований продемонстрирован успешный опыт применения подобной тактики, в том числе у подростков в условиях реальной клинической практики Доказано, что данный подход повышает приверженность к терапии, снижает риск обострений и улучшает контроль над заболеванием. Однако, необходимы дальнейшие исследования, т.к. терапия в режиме единого ингалятора имеет возрастные ограничения. 

Современные возможности терапии хронической крапивницы у детей

Chronic urticaria in children is one of the diseases that are underestimated in their severity and impact on the quality of life. The world academic literature data gives very little information on epidemiology, etiology of chronic urticaria, and researches on application of various therapies in children with the studied disease. Second-generation antihistamines are the leading medications in the therapy of chronic urticarial; however, there are not enough studies on the use of other treatment options in children with this pathology. Resistance to standard therapy and to high doses of antihistamines is one of the problems of managing both adult patients and children. Omalizumab is the first generation of biologicals drug for treating chronic urticaria resistant to standard therapy; the pharmaceutical can be administered in children over 12 years. Further research on the drug efficacy in chronic urticaria is required including safety rate evaluation in the pediatric group of patients.Хроническая крапивница у детей — одно из недооцененных по своей тяжести и влиянию на качество жизни заболеваний. В мировой научной литературе крайне мало информации об эпидемиологии, и этиологии хронической крапивницы. Антигистаминные препараты 2-го поколения являются ведущими в терапии хронической крапивницы, однако исследований по применению других видов лечения у детей при данной патологии недостаточно. Резистентность к стандартной терапии и высоким дозам антигистаминных препаратов — одна из проблем ведения как взрослых пациентов, так и детей. Омализумаб — первый генно-инженерный биологический препарат для лечения резистентной к стандартной терапии хронической крапивницы, разрешен к применению у детей с 12 лет. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования по эффективности его применения при хронической крапивнице, в том числе с оценкой безопасности у педиатрической группы пациентов.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВЛ.С. Намазова-Баранова — получение исследовательских грантов от фармацевтических компаний Пьер Фабр, Genzyme Europe B. V., ООО «Астра зенека Фармасьютикалз», Gilead / PRA «Фармасьютикал Рисерч Ассошиэйтс СиАйЭс», «Bionorica», Teva Branded Pharmaceutical products R&D, Inc / ООО «ППД Девелопмент (Смоленск)», «Сталлержен С. А.» / «Квинтайлс ГезмбХ» (Австрия).Остальные авторы данной статьи подтверждают отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщить

Axiological linguistics and teaching of Russian as a foreign language in the context of distance learning against the backdrop of the pandemic

The study examines the adaptation of foreigners to cultural values when learning the Russian language. The study defines axiology and the axiological sphere, focuses on the axiological component in the linguistic picture of the world, considers the role of a foreign language as a tool for the axiological background development. The relevance of the axiological approach to teaching the Russian for Foreigners course to foreign students in the context of both distance and blended learning is considered with due regard to the relevance of this type of education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research took place at the Institute of Foreign Languages, Foreign languages department I-11, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), and the Department of the Russian Language No. 1, Peoples Friendship University of Russia. A descriptive method and the method of interpretation analysis have been applied. The methods of linguistic integration of students into the Russian sociocultural environment have also been applied. The results were tracked based on monitoring and testing technologies, information and computer technologies, and the analysis of the educational activity. The capabilities of the Moodle platform were also used; the axiological phraseology tasks were created in the Hot Potatoes program. The experiment was carried out during 6 months of 2017/2018 and 2018/19 preparation courses. A total of 260 students were involved in the experiment; a control group of 150 students was formed. An approach to studying Russian as a foreign language focused on introducing the values to foreign students and teaching them the cultural characteristics of Russia has been developed. The analysis of the development of language and cultural skills of foreign students in the control and experimental groups showed that at the final stage of the experiment, 47% of students in the experimental group had a high level of competence; in the control group, the indicator was 21%. Teachers of foreign languages, administrations of higher educational institutions, and language schools should familiarize themselves with the research

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОСВЕЩЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ СОБЫТИЙ В СФЕРЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫМИ ИНТЕРНЕТ-АГЕНТСТВАМИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

At the present time, the problem of formation of spiritual and moral values and orientations of the modern Russian society is very urgent. The mass media that transform themselves in accordance with the requirements of the times play an important role in this process. They transmit cultural values and behavioral priorities first of all for the younger generation. The article analyzes the main trends of the modern mass media development in conditions of convergence which have both positive and negative impact on the modern young people’s worldview. On the basis of analysis of Internet news agencies of the Central Federal District the features of coverage of regional events in the field of culture and their positive and negative impact on the formation of cultural values of the modern youth are revealed. The article provides statistical data for revealing of the level of interest the modern youth to the events in the field of culture.В настоящее время проблема формирования духовно-нравственных ценностей и ориентиров современного российского общества является очень актуальной. Важную роль в этом процессе играют трансформирующиеся в соответствии с требованиями времени средства массовой информации, которые выступают транслятором культурных ценностей и поведенческих приоритетов, в первую очередь, для молодого поколения. В статье проанализированы основные тенденции развития современных СМИ в условиях конвергенции, которые оказывают как позитивное, так и негативное влияние на мировосприятие современной молодых людей. На основе анализа деятельности информационных интернет-агентств Центрального федерального округа выявлены особенности освещения региональных событий в сфере культуры и их позитивное и негативное влияние на формирование культурных ценностей современной молодежи. В статье приводятся статистические данные по выявлению степени интереса современной молодежи к событиям в сфере культуры

Teaching of the Speech Based on Reference Prediction Units to International Students

The article covers the simulation of a pedagogical strategy for forming skills to produce a monologic discourse based on reference prediction units. The purpose of the research was to identify optimal ways to form cognitive mechanisms for a monologic Russian-language discourse expansion with a rigid structure, primarily academic and academic-vocational, discourse in international students. Besides, it enables students to successfully predict and expand descriptive texts/discourses on various topics after one or two months. As a prospect for studying cataphoras in linguodidactics, let us note the following differentiation of student categories as an important point: extroverted students/introverted students.El artículo cubre la simulación de una estrategia pedagógica para formar habilidades con el fin de producir un discurso monológico basado en unidades de predicción de referencia. El propósito de la investigación fue identificar formas óptimas de establecer mecanismos cognitivos para una expansión monológica del discurso en ruso, con una estructura rígida, principalmente académico-vocacional, en el discurso de los estudiantes internacionales. Por otra parte, permite a los estudiantes predecir y expandir con éxito textos / discursos descriptivos sobre varios temas después de uno o dos meses. Como perspectiva para el estudio de las catáforas en lingüodidáctica, observemos la siguiente diferenciación de categorías de estudiantes como un punto importante: estudiantes extrovertidos / estudiantes introvertidos