A Universal Pharmacological-Based List of Drugs with Anticholinergic Activity

Anticholinergic burden tools have relevant pharmacological gaps that may explain their limited predictive ability for clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to provide a universal pharmacological-based list of drugs with their documented affinity for muscarinic receptors. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify the anticholinergic burden tools. Drugs included in these instruments were searched in four pharmacological databases, and the investigation was supplemented with PubMed. The evidence regarding the potential antagonism of the five muscarinic receptors of each drug was assessed. The proportion of drugs included in the tools with an affinity for muscarinic receptors was evaluated. A universal list of drugs with anticholinergic activity was developed based on their documented affinity for the different subtypes of muscarinic receptors and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. A total of 23 tools were identified, including 304 different drugs. Only 48.68%, 47.70%, 48.03%, 43.75%, and 42.76% of the drugs had an affinity to the M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 receptor, respectively, reported in any pharmacological database. The proportion of drugs with confirmed antagonism varied among the tools (36.8% to 100%). A universal pharmacological-based list of 133 drugs is presented. It should be further validated in different clinical settings. (c) 2023 by the authors

The mammals of Angola

Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide range of habitats with contrasting environmental conditions, while endemism tends to be associated with unique physiographic settings such as the Angolan Escarpment. The mammal fauna of Angola includes 2 Critically Endangered, 2 Endangered, 11 Vulnerable, and 14 Near-Threatened species at the global scale. There are also 12 data deficient species, most of which are endemics or near endemics to the countryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A construção de tecnologias de atenção em saúde com base na promoção da saúde La construción de tecnologías en salud basadas en la promoción de la salud Building health care technologies based on health promotion

Este artigo de reflexão discute as bases teórico-metodológicas da Promoção da Saúde e seu potencial na construção de tecnologias de caráter emancipatório, bem como a complexidade de pesquisas de avaliação de ações nesse campo. Para tanto, descreve e analisa um projeto de promoção de desenvolvimento infantil, construído segundo as bases da Promoção da Saúde na vertente crítica e implementado por equipes de saúde da família em regiões prioritárias no município de São Paulo, e pesquisas de avaliação de suas tecnologias e estratégias de implantação. Conclui que o referencial da Promoção da Saúde contribuiu para reorientação das ações dos profissionais para a atenção integral e fortalecimento dos potenciais de saúde das crianças e famílias e que as pesquisas de avaliação de ações no campo da Promoção demandam instrumentos e abordagens múltiplos, que possibilitem abranger a complexidade de processos e resultados das ações.<br>El artículo discute la contribución de las bases teóricas y metodológicas de la promoción de la salud y tecnologías hacia la emancipación del sujeto. También plantea la complejidad de investigaciones para evaluar las acciones en este campo. Se describió y analizó un proyecto para de promoción del desarrollo infantil elaborado con base en los principios de la promoción de la salud en su vertiente crítica. El proyecto se desarrolló en regiones prioritarias de la ciudad de São Paulo a cargo de equipos de salud de la familia. Las investigaciones relativas a este proyecto evaluaron las tecnologías y estrategias de implementación. Se concluyó que la adopción de los principios de la promoción de la salud ha contribuido en la reorientación de las prácticas de los profesionales sanitarios con vistas a la atención integral y el fortalecimiento de salud de los niños y sus familias. Las investigaciones para evaluar las acciones a nivel de la promoción de la salud requieren instrumentales y abordajes variados, a fin de abarcar la complejidad de los procesos involucrados y sus resultados.<br>The article describes a reflection about the implication of the theoretical and methodological bases of Health Promotion to the development of empowerment technologies. It also discusses the complexity of caring out researches to evaluate the actions in this field. We initiated with a description of a protocol on child development focused on the critical bias of Health Promotion principles. The protocol was implemented by family health teams in critical regions of São Paulo city. The researches linked to the protocol evaluated used technologies and the strategies for its implementation. The results pointed that frameworks of Health Promotion contributes to the comprehensive care and strengthening of children and families health. Researches for evaluating the actions in Health Promotion require a variety of approaches, to cover the complexity of the processes and outcomes