363 research outputs found
Viscous corrections to the resistance of nano-junctions: a dispersion relation approach
It is well known that the viscosity of a homogeneous electron liquid diverges
in the limits of zero frequency and zero temperature. A nanojunction breaks
translational invariance and necessarily cuts off this divergence. However, the
estimate of the ensuing viscosity is far from trivial. Here, we propose an
approach based on a Kramers-Kr\"onig dispersion relation, which connects the
zero-frequency viscosity, , to the high-frequency shear modulus,
, of the electron liquid via , with
the junction-specific momentum relaxation time. By making use of a
simple formula derived from time-dependent current-density functional theory we
then estimate the many-body contributions to the resistance for an integrable
junction potential and find that these viscous effects may be much larger than
previously suggested for junctions of low conductance.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Revised versio
Current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor/ferromagnet junctions in the spin blockade regime
It was recently predicted [Phys. Rev. B 75, 193301 (2007)] that spin blockade
may develop at nonmagnetic semiconductor/perfect ferromagnet junctions when the
electron flow is directed from the semiconductor into the ferromagnet. Here we
consider current-voltage characteristics of such junctions. By taking into
account the contact resistance, we demonstrate a current stabilization effect:
by increasing the applied voltage the current density through the junction
saturates at a specific value. The transient behavior of the current density is
also investigated
Spin memristive systems
Recently, in addition to the well-known resistor, capacitor and inductor, a
fourth passive circuit element, named memristor, has been identified following
theoretical predictions. The model example used in such case consisted in a
nanoscale system with coupled ionic and electronic transport. Here, we discuss
a system whose memristive behaviour is based entirely on the electron spin
degree of freedom which allows for a more convenient control than the ionic
transport in nanostructures. An analysis of time-dependent spin transport at a
semiconductor/ferromagnet junction provides a direct evidence of memristive
behaviour. Our scheme is fundamentally different from previously discussed
schemes of memristive devices and broadens the possible range of applications
of semiconductor spintronics
Enhanced noise at high bias in atomic-scale Au break junctions
Heating in nanoscale systems driven out of equilibrium is of fundamental
importance, has ramifications for technological applications, and is a
challenge to characterize experimentally. Prior experiments using nanoscale
junctions have largely focused on heating of ionic degrees of freedom, while
heating of the electrons has been mostly neglected. We report measurements in
atomic-scale Au break junctions, in which the bias-driven component of the
current noise is used as a probe of the electronic distribution. At low biases
( 150~mV) the noise is consistent with expectations of shot noise at a fixed
electronic temperature. At higher biases, a nonlinear dependence of the noise
power is observed. We consider candidate mechanisms for this increase,
including flicker noise (due to ionic motion), heating of the bulk electrodes,
nonequilibrium electron-phonon effects, and local heating of the electronic
distribution impinging on the ballistic junction. We find that flicker noise
and bulk heating are quantitatively unlikely to explain the observations. We
discuss the implications of these observations for other nanoscale systems, and
experimental tests to distinguish vibrational and electron interaction
mechanisms for the enhanced noise.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure
Hall Voltage with the Spin Hall Effect
The spin Hall effect does not generally result in a charge Hall voltage. We
predict that in systems with inhomogeneous electron density in the direction
perpendicular to main current flow, the spin Hall effect is instead accompanied
by a Hall voltage. Unlike the ordinary Hall effect, we find that this Hall
voltage is quadratic in the longitudinal electric field for a wide range of
parameters accessible experimentally. We also predict spin accumulation in the
bulk and sharp peaks of spin-Hall induced charge accumulation near the edges.
Our results can be readily tested experimentally, and would allow the
electrical measurement of the spin Hall effect in non-magnetic systems and
without injection of spin-polarized electrons
Single-particle and Interaction Effects on the Cohesion and Transport and Magnetic Properties of Metal Nanowires at Finite Voltages
The single-particle and interaction effects on the cohesion, electronic
transport, and some magnetic properties of metallic nanocylinders have been
studied at finite voltages by using a generalized mean-field electron model.
The electron-electron interactions are treated in the self-consistent Hartree
approximation. Our results show the single-particle effect is dominant in the
cohesive force, while the nonzero magnetoconductance and magnetotension
coefficients are attributed to the interaction effect. Both single-particle and
interaction effects are important to the differential conductance and magnetic
susceptibility.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Discrete solitons in electromechanical resonators
We consider a parametrically driven Klein--Gordon system describing micro-
and nano-devices, with integrated electrical and mechanical functionality.
Using a multiscale expansion method we reduce the system to a discrete
nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Analytical and numerical calculations are
performed to determine the existence and stability of fundamental bright and
dark discrete solitons admitted by the Klein--Gordon system through the
discrete Schrodinger equation. We show that a parametric driving can not only
destabilize onsite bright solitons, but also stabilize intersite bright
discrete solitons and onsite and intersite dark solitons. Most importantly, we
show that there is a range of values of the driving coefficient for which dark
solitons are stable, for any value of the coupling constant, i.e. oscillatory
instabilities are totally suppressed. Stability windows of all the fundamental
solitons are presented and approximations to the onset of instability are
derived using perturbation theory, with accompanying numerical results.
Numerical integrations of the Klein--Gordon equation are performed, confirming
the relevance of our analysis
Edge channel mixing induced by potential steps in an integer quantum Hall system
We investigate the coherent mixing of co-propagating edge channels in a
quantum Hall bar produced by step potentials. In the case of two edge channels
it is found that, although a single step induces only a few percent mixing, a
series of steps could yield 50% mixing. In addition, a strong mixing is found
when the potential height of a single step allows a different number of edge
channels on the two sides of the step. Charge density probability has been also
calculated even for the case where the step is smoothened.Comment: final version: 7 pages, 6 figure
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