A CONCEPTUAL MOBILE GIS SYSTEM FOR GLOBAL EMISSION MONITORING

Today information systems play key role in new century, geographical information system (GIS) as a special class of information system. Now we are moving wired to wireless network, that is mobile environment shown in fig2 (any where any time and any thing computing), plays key role in this new century. In this application mobile GIS, which will be a network environment, is proposed, which can perform monitoring of emission levels at a city level or country level or Global level. The concept will be as follows. The analog data of Automated weather monitoring devices (AWMD) will be converted into digital form where by the respective Clint device will transfer data to the server using wireless application protocol (WAP) the hardware and software system need to be integrated where by the mobile GIS components include atmospheric emission data receivers/analyzers WAP clients of GPS enabled system routers are linked to a GIS with relevant software. In the light of Kyoto protocol speedy and accurate determination of emission levels is need of the hour. This is especially required for signatory countries of Kyoto protocol. In this context fixed mobile automated weather stations can be connected to a mobile GIS based data base on a network / web based GIS. This will enable daily/weekly/monthly / yearly monitoring of hazardous parameters from the atmosphere is possible. In this paper the mobile GIS based system its principle of operation hardware and software requirements and the conceptualization are presented. This system is believed to be idealistic for the monitoring and emission quantification

X-ray and ion emission studies from subnanosecond laser-irradiated SiO2 aerogel foam targets

In this experiment, a comparative study of ion and X-ray emission from both a SiO2 aerogel foam and a quartz target is performed. The experiment is performed using Nd:glass laser system operated at laser energy up to 15 J with a pulse duration of 500 ps with focusable intensity of 1013–1014 W/cm2 on target. X-ray fluxes in different spectral ranges (soft and hard) are measured by using X-ray diodes covered with Al filters of thickness 5 µm (0.9–1.56 keV) and 20 µm (3.4–16 keV). A 2.5 times enhancement in soft X-ray flux (0.9–1.56 keV) and a decrease of 1.8 times in hard X rays (3.4–16 keV) for 50 mg/cc SiO2 aerogel foam is observed compared with the solid quartz. A decrease in the flux of the K-shell line emission spectrum of soft X rays is noticed in the case of the foam targets. The high-resolution K-shell spectra (He-like) of Si ions in both the cases are analyzed for the determination of plasma parameters by comparing with FLYCHK simulations. The estimated plasma temperature and density are T c = 180 eV, n e = 7 × 1020 cm−3 and T c = 190 eV, n e = 4 × 1020 cm−3 for quartz and SiO2 aerogel foam, respectively. To measure the evolution of the plasma moving away from the targets, four identical ion collectors are placed at different angles (22.5, 30, 45, and 67.5°) from target normal. The angular distribution of the thermal ions are scaled as cosnθ with respect to target normal, where n = 3.8 and 4.8 for the foam and quartz, respectively. The experimental plasma volume measured from the ion collectors and shadowgraphy images are verified by a two-dimensional Eulerian radiative–hydrodynamic simulation (POLLUX code

Constant amplitude and post-overload fatigue crack growth behavior in PM aluminum alloy AA 8009

A recently developed, rapidly solidified, powder metallurgy, dispersion strengthened aluminum alloy, AA 8009, was fatigue tested at room temperature in lab air. Constant amplitude/constant delta kappa and single spike overload conditions were examined. High fatigue crack growth rates and low crack closure levels compared to typical ingot metallurgy aluminum alloys were observed. It was proposed that minimal crack roughness, crack path deflection, and limited slip reversibility, resulting from ultra-fine microstructure, were responsible for the relatively poor da/dN-delta kappa performance of AA 8009 as compared to that of typical IM aluminum alloys

First mesospheric turbulence study using coordinated rocket and MST radar measurements over Indian low latitude region

A campaign to study turbulence in the mesosphere, over low latitudes in India, using rocket-borne measurements and Indian MST radar, was conducted during July 2004. A rocket-borne Langmuir probe detected a spectrum of electron density irregularities, with scale sizes in the range of about 1m to 1 km, in 67.5-78.0 km and 84-89 km altitude regions over a low latitude station Sriharikota (13.6°N, 80.2°E). A rocket-borne chaff experiment measured zonal and meridional winds about 30 min after the Langmuir probe flight. The MST radar located at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), which is about 100 km west of Sriharikota, also detected the presence of a strong scattering layer in 73.5-77.5 km region from which radar echoes corresponding to 3m irregularities were received. Based on the region of occurrence of irregularities, which was highly collisional, presence of significant shears in zonal and meridional components of wind measured by the chaff experiment, 10 min periodicity in zonal and meridional winds obtained by the MST radar and the nature of wave number spectra of the irregularities, it is suggested that the observed irregularities were produced through the neutral turbulence mechanism. The percentage amplitude of fluctuations across the entire scale size range showed that the strength of turbulence was stronger in the lower altitude regions and decreased with increasing altitude. It was also found that the amplitude of fluctuations was large in regions of steeper electron density gradients. MST radar observations showed that at smaller scales of turbulence such as 3 m, (a) the thickness of the turbulent layer was between 2 and 3 km and (b) and fine structures, with layer thicknesses of about a km or less were also embedded in these layers. Rocket also detected 3-m fluctuations, which were very strong (a few percent) in lower altitudes (67.5 to 71.0 km) and small but clearly well above the noise floor at higher altitudes. Rocket and radar results also point to the possibility of existence of thin layers of turbulence (<450 m). The turbulence parameters estimated from rocket-borne measurements of electron density fluctuations are consistent with those determined from MST radar observed Doppler spectra and the earlier works

Chemical looping combustion of biomass for renewable & non- CO2 emissions energy- status and review

World depends on fossil fuel combustion for thermal energy generation. Fossil fuel combustion leads to the generation of CO2 and ex-tinction of non-renewable resources. To meet the future energy demands replacement of existing technologies should take place in the view of large quantities of GHG’s emissions from fossil fuels and their extinction. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is primarily a combustion technique with an inherent separation of CO2 from the flue gases. Due to its advantage of negative CO2 emissions, chemical looping combustion got attention of many researchers since last one and half decade. Recent research advancements in the CLC provided a platform for further research and developments in chemical looping combustion of biomass. This paper reviews the CLC of biomass to present the overview of chemical looping combustion technology and its status of biomass utilization as a fuel in CLC reactors

Spin Pseudo Gap in La2-xSrxCuO4 Studied by Neutron Scattering

Spin excitations of La2-xSrxCuO have been studied using inelastic neutron scattering techniques in the energy range of 2 meV =< w =< 12 meV and the temperature range of 8 K =< T =< 150 K. We observed a signature of a spin pseudo gap in the excitation spectrum above Tc for the slightly overdoped sample with x = 0.18. On heating, the spin pseudo gap gradually collapses between T = 80 K and 150 K. For the x = 0.15 and 0.20, although the visibility of gap-like structure at T ~ Tc is lower compared to the x = 0.18 sample, the broad bump of kai"(w) appears at w ~ 5 meV,close to the spin-gap energy at base temperature, suggests the existence of the spin pseudo gap in the normal state.Comment: revtex, 7 pages, 8 eps figures, PRB (2003) in pres

Hydrocarbon Contamination Decreases Mating Success in a Marine Planktonic Copepod

The mating behavior and the mating success of copepods rely on chemoreception to locate and track a sexual partner. However, the potential impact of the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbons on these aspects of copepod reproduction has never been tested despite the widely acknowledged acute chemosensory abilities of copepods. I examined whether three concentrations of the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (0.01%, 0.1% and 1%) impacts (i) the swimming behavior of both adult males and females of the widespread calanoid copepod Temora longcornis, and (ii) the ability of males to locate, track and mate with females. The three concentrations of the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (WSF) significantly and non-significantly affect female and male swimming velocities, respectively. In contrast, both the complexity of male and female swimming paths significantly decreased with increasing WSF concentrations, hence suggesting a sex-specific sensitivity to WSF contaminated seawater. In addition, the three WSF concentrations impacted both T. longicornis mating behavior and mating success. Specifically, the ability of males to detect female pheromone trails, to accurately follow trails and to successfully track a female significantly decreased with increasing WSF concentrations. This led to a significant decrease in contact and capture rates from control to WSF contaminated seawater. These results indicate that hydrocarbon contamination of seawater decreases the ability of male copepods to detect and track a female, hence suggest an overall impact on population fitness and dynamics

Identification and mitigation of narrow spectral artifacts that degrade searches for persistent gravitational waves in the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO

Searches are under way in Advanced LIGO and Virgo data for persistent gravitational waves from continuous sources, e.g. rapidly rotating galactic neutron stars, and stochastic sources, e.g. relic gravitational waves from the Big Bang or superposition of distant astrophysical events such as mergers of black holes or neutron stars. These searches can be degraded by the presence of narrow spectral artifacts (lines) due to instrumental or environmental disturbances. We describe a variety of methods used for finding, identifying and mitigating these artifacts, illustrated with particular examples. Results are provided in the form of lists of line artifacts that can safely be treated as non-astrophysical. Such lists are used to improve the efficiencies and sensitivities of continuous and stochastic gravitational wave searches by allowing vetoes of false outliers and permitting data cleaning