Mental illness, poverty and stigma in India: a case-control study

Objective: To assess the effect of experienced stigma on depth of multidimensional poverty of persons with severe mentalillness(PSMI) in Delhi, India, controlling for gender, age and caste. Design: Matching case(hospital)–control(population) study. Setting:University Hospital (cases) and National Capital Region (controls),India. Participants: A case–control study was conducted from November 2011 to June 2012. 647 cases diagnosed with schizophreniaor affective disorders were recruited and 647 individuals of same age,sex and location of residence were matched as controls at a ratio of 1:2:1. Individuals who refused consent or provided incomplete interview were excluded. Main outcome measures: Higher risk of poverty due to stigma among PSMI. Results :38.5% of PSMI compared with 22.2%of controls were found poor on six dimensions or more. The difference in multidimensional poverty index was 69% between groups with employment and income of the main contributors. Multidimensional poverty was strongly associated with stigma(OR 2.60,95%CI 1.27 to 5.31) ,scheduled castes/scheduled tribes/other backward castes(2.39,1.39 to 4.08),mental illness (2.07,1.25 to 3.41)and female gender(1.87,1.36 to 2.58).A significant interaction between stigma,mental illness and gender or caste indicates female PSMI or PSMI from ‘lower castes’ were more likely to be poor due to stigma than male controls(p\u3c0.001)or controls from other castes(p\u3c0.001). Conclusions: Public stigma and multidimensional poverty linked to SMI are pervasive and intertwined.In particular for low caste and women,it is a strong predictor of poverty.Exclusion from employment linked to negative attitudes and lack of income are the highest contributors to multidimensional poverty,increasing the burden for the family. Mental health professionals need to be aware of and address these issues

Le budget des associations sportives

Le montant du budget cumulé des associations sportives françaises est estimé à plus de 6 milliards d'euros en 2003, soit près du quart de la dépense nationale sportive. Si le budget moyen d'une association est évalué à 31 000 euros, il varie fortement selon le nombre d'adhérents, suivant que l'association emploie ou non des salariés, mais aussi selon le niveau de compétition et les disciplines pratiquées. 85 % des associations sportives reçoivent des financements publics, qui constituent en moyenne près du tiers de leurs recettes, les communes en étant les principaux acteurs ; les autres recettes sont d'origine privée, composées principalement de cotisations d'adhésion et de recettes d'activité. Concernant les associations sportives employeuses, 43 % de leurs dépenses sont des charges salariales ; leur budget moyen est entre 4 et 5 fois supérieur à celui des associations sportives non-employeuses. Le bénévolat demeure un pilier essentiel du fonctionnement des associations : on y recense une moyenne de 13 bénévoles par association sportive

MISPI_dataset

The dataset contains general information about the construction of the dwelling, source of cooking fuel, light etc., eating habits within the household (HH), HH expenditure, HH assets, and respondent general views about various aspects of inclusion of persons with disabilities