The Synthesis of Imidazole Fatty Acid Conjugates as Inhibitors of Apoptosis

Ionizing radiation is known to initiate apoptosis in mammalian cells by causing the transformation of cytochrome c into a peroxidase, which results in the specific peroxidation of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin. Here we report the design and synthesis of 8 imidazole fatty acid derivatives that bind to the cyt c:CL complex and inhibit the peroxidase activity required for the initiation of apoptosis. We postulate that imidazole acts as a sixth ligand to the haem iron and stops the interaction with H2O2. Two mitochondrially directed analogues (3-hydroxypropyl)triphenylphosphonium esters) of 12-imidazole-stearic acid and 12-imidazole-oleic acid not only were demonstrated to be peroxidase inhibitors in vitro, but were also extraordinarily effective in protecting mice from lethal doses (9 Gy) of ionization radiation. We studied the structure activity relationship to a group of triphenyl phosphonium derivatives containing imidazole at different positions on the fatty acid chain, and observed that the C8-imidazole stearate analogue had marginally better activity than the others. But overall, the structure activity result were remarkable “flat” with all compounds prepared having rather similar inhibitory strength. We also synthesized carnitine mono and di-esters of 12-imidazole fatty acids but full biological data is not yet available for these compounds

A Zigbee Based Cost-Effective Home Monitoring System Using WSN

WSNs are vital in a variety of applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and healthcare. WSNs are a network of spatially scattered and dedicated sensors that monitor and record the physical conditions of the environment.Significant obstacles to WSN efficiency include the restricted power and processing capabilities of individual sensor nodes and the issues with remote and inaccessible deployment sites. By maximising power utilisation, enhancing network effectiveness, and ensuring adaptability and durability through dispersed and decentralised operation, this study suggests a comprehensive approach to dealing with these challenges. The suggested methodology involves data compression, aggregation, and energy-efficient protocol. Using these techniques, WSN lifetimes can be increased and overall performance can be improved. In this study we also provide methods to collect data generated by several nodes in the WSN and store it in a remote cloud such that it can be processed and analyzed whenever it is required.Comment: Paper has been presented at ICCCNT 2023 and the final version will be published in IEEE Digital Library Xplor

Enhancing Knee Osteoarthritis severity level classification using diffusion augmented images

This research paper explores the classification of knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity levels using advanced computer vision models and augmentation techniques. The study investigates the effectiveness of data preprocessing, including Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), and data augmentation using diffusion models. Three experiments were conducted: training models on the original dataset, training models on the preprocessed dataset, and training models on the augmented dataset. The results show that data preprocessing and augmentation significantly improve the accuracy of the models. The EfficientNetB3 model achieved the highest accuracy of 84\% on the augmented dataset. Additionally, attention visualization techniques, such as Grad-CAM, are utilized to provide detailed attention maps, enhancing the understanding and trustworthiness of the models. These findings highlight the potential of combining advanced models with augmented data and attention visualization for accurate knee OA severity classification.Comment: Paper has been accepted to be presented at ICACECS 2023 and the final version will be published by Atlantis Highlights in Computer Science (AHCS) , Atlantis Press(part of Springer Nature

Synthesis and Study of Oxazolium and Thiazolium Salts as Organocatalysts

The abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo

Oxazolium Salts as Organocatalysts for the Umpolung of Aldehydes

NSERC grant RGPIN-2017-06230Peer ReviewedOxazolium salts were successfully employed for the first time as organocatalysts for benzoin, Stetter, and redox esterification reactions. An N-mesityl oxazolium salt catalyzed homobenzoin reaction of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes delivered α-hydroxy ketones in high yields. This new type of catalyst proved remarkably effective for the Stetter reaction of challenging substrates such as β-alkyl-α,β-unsaturated ketones and electron-rich aromatic aldehydes in comparison to common thiazolium and triazolium salts

A Purification-Free Method for the Synthesis of Thiazolium Salts Using P2S5-Py2 Complex or P4S10

An expedient method to prepare thiazolium salts using the P2S5-Py2 complex or P4S10 has been studied. A variety of thiazolium salts can be rapidly accessed by the clean reaction between readily available α-formamido ketones and these reagents. The pure thiazolium salts are obtained via simple filtration followed by salt metathesis with sodium tetrafluoroborate or sodium tetraphenylborate. The method is suitable for a variety of substituents on the heterocycle. The use of these reagents confers a practical advantage over the use of Lawesson’s reagent, making the purification of the thiazolium salt straightforward