INTELIGENCIA Y COMPRENSIÓN EN LECTURA DE ADOLESCENTES EN SITUACIÓN DE RIESGO SOCIAL

Este estudio fue desarrollado con el objetivo de evaluar la inteligencia y la comprensión enlectura medidas con el Test R1 - Forma B y el Test de Cloze, respectivamente. Participaron 63adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años (M=14,60, DP=1,08) en situación de riesgo social, siendo54% (n=34) niñas y 46% (n=29) varones, residentes en una ciudad del interior del estado deSão Paulo-BR. Los resultados indicaron que las puntuaciones promedio obtenidas estuvieronpor debajo de lo esperado, siendo identificado un índice de correlación positivo y significativoentre los resultados del test de inteligencia y de comprensión de la lectura. Sólo los promediosde comprensión en lectura presentaron diferencias significativas en función de la escolaridad,siendo más altas en los sujetos de grados más avanzados. Los demás resultados no mostrarondiferencias significativas relacionadas con el sexo o la edad. Se sugiere que sean realizadosotros estudios, con muestras más amplias y de otras regiones del país.Palabras clave: Evaluación psicológica, Enseñanza básica, Test de inteligencia, Test de Cloze.INTELLIGENCE AND READING COMPREHENSION OF TEENAGERS ATSOCIAL RISK SITUATIONAbstractThis study means to evaluate the intelligence and reading comprehension by Test R1 - Form Band the Cloze Test respectively. Participated 63 adolescents between 13 and 17 years(M=14.60, SD=1.08) at social risk, with 54% (n=34) girls and 46% (n=29) boys living in theinner city the state of Sao Paulo, BR. The results indicated that the mean scores obtained wereless than expected, having been identified an index of positive and significant correlationbetween the test results of intelligence and reading comprehension. Only the average inreading comprehension showed significant differences in the grounds of education, and higherin students of more advanced series. The other results showed no significant differencesrelated to gender or age. It is suggested that further studies are conducted with other largersamples and other regions of Brazil.Key words: psychological evaluation, Elementary school, intelligence test, Cloze Test.INTELIGÊNCIA E COMPREENSÃO EM LEITURA DE ADOLESCENTES EMSITUAÇÃO DE RISCO SOCIALResumoEste estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a inteligência e a compreensão emleitura medidas, respectivamente, pelo Teste R1 - Forma B e pelo Teste de Cloze.Participaram 63 adolescentes entre 13 e 17 anos (M= 14,60; DP=1,08) em situação de riscosocial, sendo 54% (n=34) meninas e 46% (n=29) meninos moradores de cidade do interior doestado de São Paulo-BR. Os resultados indicaram que os escores médios obtidos ficaramaquém do esperado, tendo sido identificado um índice de correlação positiva e significativaentre os resultados do teste de inteligência e de compreensão da leitura. Apenas as médias decompreensão em leitura apresentaram diferenças significativas em razão da escolaridade,sendo mais altas em indivíduos de séries mais avançadas. Os demais resultados não mostraramdiferenças significativas relacionadas ao sexo ou à idade. Sugere-se que outros estudos sejamrealizados com outras amostras mais amplas e de outras regiões do país.Palavras-chave: avaliação psicológica, Ensino fundamental, Teste de inteligência, Teste deCloz

A atuação do Ministério Público na defesa da concorrência brasileira

Contextualização. A atuação do Ministério Público na defesa da concorrência ganhou centralidade com a Constituição Federal de 1988, que estabeleceu a livre concorrência como princípio da ordem econômica e bem de titularidade coletiva. A relevância das atribuições do Ministério Público torna-se nítida a partir do multifacetamento de suas estratégias de atuação, que perpassam pelos três pilares da defesa da concorrência brasileira: esferas cível, penal e administrativa. Objetivo. O artigo possui como objetivo demonstrar – a partir da retomada das frentes de atuação do Ministério Público e da análise de casos concretos –, que ao mesmo tempo que a complexidade da atuação do Parquet indica sua centralidade na defesa da concorrência, também vem provocando debates acerca de possíveis limites, divergências e novas estratégias de atuação. Método. O artigo foi estruturado a partir da retomada das frentes de atuação do Ministério Público e da análise de casos concretos recentes. Resultados. Os resultados demonstram que a atuação do Ministério Público na defesa da concorrência é central, ao mesmo tempo em que vem provocando debates acerca de possíveis limites, divergências e novas estratégias de atuação. Conclusões. A importância da atuação do Ministério Público na defesa da concorrência é notável, sendo necessário revisitar constantemente sua formatação dentro do projeto democrático de desenvolvimento econômico nacional

Controle de qualidade na analise de silicatos por espectrometria de fluorescencia de raios X

Orientador : Jacinta EnzweilerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeocienciasResumo: Esta dissertação propõe um método simples de controle da qualidade de resultados, na análise de silicatos por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X, baseado na expressão de Horwitz modificada (Hc = 0,01c0,8495 qual prevê como a precisão analítica Hc varia com a concentração do analitos. A expressão foi utilizada para calcular Hc de cada valor recomendado VR dos materiais de referência utilizados para avaliar a exatidão. O intervalo VR±Hc foi tomado como limite de aceitação dos resultados analíticos. Programas de determinação de elementos maiores (Si02, TiO2, A1203, Fe203, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na20, K2O, P2Os) em discos de vidro e de traços (Ba, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, La, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn e Zr) em pastilhas prensadas foram elaborados e os resultados analíticos de nove materiais de referência foram avaliados. A adoção do intervalo VR±Hc como critério de aceitação dos resultados foi útil para identificar deficiências e erros sistemáticos na calibração do espectrômetro e corrigi-Ios. Observou-se que os resultados dos elementos maiores facilmente atendem ao intervalo VR±Hc, enquanto para os elementos-traços, os resultados nem sempre caem naquele intervalo, especialmente quando a concentração é próxima do limite de detecção. Este efeito foi atribuído aos tempos de leitura (contagens) adotados e, também, às incertezas dos valores recomendados dos materiais de referência. A precisão foi medida com a análise de dez pastilhas prensadas e dez discos de vidro de uma amostra de referência interna (BAC). Os coeficientes de variação da maior parte dos resultados encontram-se entre 0,2 e 2,6%. Adicionalmente, o método de duplicação das amostras foi usado para avaliar a contribuição de cada etapa do processo analítico à precisão total. As etapas avaliadas foram a cominuição da amostra (homogeneização do material britado, quarteamento e moagem), a preparação dos discos de vidro e pastilhas prensadas e a medida instrumental. Para a maioria dos analitos (maiores e muitos traços), a cominuição é a etapa que mais contribui à incerteza analítica total, seguida da preparação dos discos de vidro ou pastilhas prensadas. Na faixa de menor concentração, isto é, para alguns elementos-traços, a precisão instrumental é a etapa cuja contribuição é dominante em relação às demaisAbstract: This dissertation proposes a simple method for quality control of results in silicate analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, based on the modified Horwitz expression, (Hc = 0,01c0,8495 which allows to foresee the analytical precision Hc according to the analyte concentration c. The expression was used to calculate Hc of each recommended value RV of the reference materials used to evaluate the accuracy. The interval RV±Hc was taken as limits to accept the analytical results. Analytical programs for determination of major elements (SiO2, Ti_, A12O3, F_O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na20, K2O, P20S) in glass disks and of traces (8a, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, La, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn e Zr) in pressed pellets were prepared and analytical results of nine reference materials were evaluated. The interval RV±Hc as criterion for acceptance of results was useful to identify deficiencies and systematic errors of the spectrometer calibration, and to correct them. It was observed that results of major elements easily fall within the interval RV±Hc, while results of trace elements sometimes exceed it, specially when concentration is close to the detection limit. This effect was attributed to the counting times adopted for analysis and, also, to the uncertainties associated to the recommended values of the reference materials. The precision was measured by analysis of ten pressed pellets and ten glass disks of an in-house reference sample (BAC). The coefficients of variation of most results were between 0.2 and 2.6%. Additionally, the method of sample duplication was used to evaluate the contribution of each stage of the analytical process to the whole precision. Sample comminution (homogenisation of crushed material, quartering and grinding), is the step that contributes mostly to the whole analytical uncertainty, followed by glass disks and pressed pellets preparation. At the low level concentration, i.e., for some trace elements, the instrumental measurement represents the dominant contribution, in comparison to the othersMestradoMetalogeneseMestre em Geociência

Routine control of accuracy in silicate rock analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

this study, we used the modified Horwitz expression (H-c = 0.01c(0.8495), which gives the precision as a function of concentration) to evaluate and control the accuracy of results of silicate rock analysis obtained by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. This expression is currently used by the organisers of the GeoPT international proficiency tests, to assign the precision limits of each analyte and subsequently to evaluate the data provided by laboratories whose main application is geochemistry. Results for major and trace elements, determined in glass disk and pressed pellets, respectively, were evaluated. Nine international silicate rock reference materials were analysed and results were compared to the recommended values plus and minus the limits given by the above expression. Those limits are easily attained for most major elements, but not for trace elements. Sample preparation and sub-sampling contributions to precision were evaluated by analysis of an in-house reference sample. In our results, precision does not follow the Horwitz expression relationship with concentration. It is known that the final accuracy in XRF analysis depends strongly on instrumental settings and on the uncertainties associated with the certified or recommended values of the reference materials used to calibrate the spectrometer, but our results indicate that the precision expression can be useful, especially to inspect and correct calibration curves and to check routine instrumental accuracy.254170028329

Analysis Of Sediments And Soils By X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Matrix Corrections Based On Fundamental Parameters

Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF) is widely used for the analysis of soils and sediments using well characterised procedures. However, difficulties can occur with samples such as unknowns containing small amounts of ore materials and samples collected from contaminated sites where trace elemental concentrations can exceed the concentration range for routine analysis. We studied the performance of a commercially available method, based on fundamental parameters (FP) to correct matrix effects. The spectrometer was originally calibrated with elemental or simple compound calibrants. Samples were analysed as pressed powder pellets. Eighteen sediment and soil reference materials, three of them with certified values for some of their constituents, were used to evaluate accuracy, by comparing results with recommended values and their standard deviations (RV ± 2s) or certified values and their confidence intervals (CV ± Cl). When results fell systematically outside these intervals, calibrations were refined with geochemical reference materials. The best agreement of results with recommended and certified values was obtained when the contents of H 2O and C in each sample were included as matrix constituents during calculations. The detection limits of trace elements tended to be relatively high, because the measuring conditions employed were not maximised for sensitivity. The main advantage of the method tested was that it enabled the analysis of samples with high concentrations of trace elements and the determination of elements such as F, Bi, Sb and W, which are not commonly included in quantitative XRF analysis of geological samples.281103112Borkhodoev, V.Y., Accuracy of the fundamental parameter method for X-ray fluorescence analysis of rocks (2002) X-ray Spectrometry, 31, pp. 209-218Criss, J.W., Birks, L.S., Methods for fluorescence X-ray spectrometry. Empirical coefficients versus fundamental parameters (1968) Analytical Chemistry, 40, pp. 1080-1086Gladney, E.S., Roelandts, I., 1988 compilation of elemental concentration data for USGS geochemical exploration reference materials GXR-1 to GXR-6 (1990) Geostandards Newsletter, 14, pp. 21-118Kane, J.S., Quality control and reference sample databases (1991) Geostandards Newsletter, 15, pp. 33-42Kane, J.S., Siems, D.F., Arbogast, B.F., Geochemical exploration reference samples GXR-1 to GXR-4 and GXR-6: Evaluation of homogeneity based on high precision analyses (1992) Geostandards Newsletter, 16, pp. 45-54Lachance, G.R., Claisse, F., (1995) Quantitative X-ray Fluorescence Analysis, Theory and Application, 402p. , John Wiley & Sons (Chichester)Longerich, H.P., Analysis of pressed pellets of geological samples using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (1995) X-Ray Spectrometry, 24, pp. 123-136. , 1995Ma, G., Li, G., Application of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to the analysis of geochemical prospecting samples in China (1989) X-Ray Spectrometry, 8, pp. 199-205Potts, P.J., A perspective on the evolution of geoanalytical techniques for silicate rocks (1998) Geostandards Newsletter. The Journal of Geostandards and Geoanalysis, 22, pp. 57-68Revenko, A.G., X-ray fluorescence analysis of rocks, soils and sediments (2002) X-ray Spectrometry, 31, pp. 264-273Xuejing, X., Analytical requirements in international geochemical mapping (1995) The Analyst, 120, pp. 1497-1504Zambello, F.R., Enzweiler, J., Multi-element analysis of soils and sediments by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (2002) Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2, pp. 29-3

Inteligência e maturidade viso-motora: estudo com adolescentes em situação de risco

O presente estudo avaliou a inteligência e a maturidade viso-motora em um grupo de adolescentes em situação de risco social. Participaram 41 sujeitos, ambos os sexos, entre 13 e 17 anos (M=14,9; DP=0,97) de 5a a 8a série do ensino fundamental, de uma obra social do interior de São Paulo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram os testes R1-Forma B e o Bender Sistema de Pontuação Gradual (B-SPG). A média de pontuação obtida no Bender foi de 7,12 erros, que está aquém do desempenho previsto para a população normativa de 10 anos. Apenas no R1-Forma B os participantes obtiveram 23,68 pontos, média próxima à população normativa, também advinda de meio sócio-cultural, igualmente desfavorecido. O escore médio do R1-Forma B não apresentou a correlação negativa e significativa esperada com a média dos erros do B-SPG. Isso sugere a necessidade de novos estudos a fim de se elucidar esse resultado, aparentemente incongruente com a literatura na área.This study meant to evaluate the intelligence and visual-motor skills maturity in a group of teenagers at social risk. 41 subjects participated, both sexes, between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.9, SD = 0.97) from the 5th to 8th grade of elementary school, deriving of Institution of Social Workmanship of the State of São Paulo. The instruments used were the R1-Form B and Bender-SPG tests. The average score was 7.12 in Bender errors, which performance is below of the normative 10 years old population. Only in the R1-Form B participants scored 23.68 points, average close to normative population, also originated from socio-cultural environment and also disadvantaged. The average score of the R1-B Form not presented the expected and significant negative correlation with the average of errors of the B-GSP. This suggests the need for further studies in order to elucidate this result, apparently inconsistent with the literature

Active packaged lamb with oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter sachet: physical-chemical and microbiological stability during refrigerated storage

Lamb meat has been commercialized in Brazil almost exclusively as a frozen product due to the longer shelf life provided by freezing when compared to refrigeration. However, as a result of the current trend of increased demand for convenience products, a need has emerged for further studies to facilitate the marketing of refrigerated lamb cuts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of active packaging technology in extending the shelf life of lamb loins (Longissimus lumborum) stored under refrigeration (1±1 ° C) when compared to the traditional vacuum packaging. For this purpose, two kinds of sachets were employed: oxygen scavenger sachet and oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter sachet. Experiments were conducted in three treatments: 1) Vacuum (Control), 2) Vacuum + oxygen scavenger sachet and 3) Vacuum + oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter sachet. Microbiological (counts of anaerobic psychrotrophs, coliform at 45 ° C, coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella and lactic acid bacteria) and physical-chemical (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, objective color, pH value, water loss from cooking and shear force) analyses were carried out weekly for a total storage period of 28 days. The experiment was performed three times for all treatments. Results showed that the lamb meat remained stable with respect to the majority of the evaluated physical and chemical indexes and remained within the standards established by Brazilian legislation for pathogenic microorganisms throughout the storage period in all three packaging systems. However, all treatments presented elevated counts of anaerobic psychrotrophic microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria, reaching values above 10(7) CFU/g at 28 days of storage. Thus, under the conditions tested, neither the oxygen scavenger sachet nor the dual function sachet (oxygen scavenger/carbon dioxide emitter) were able to extend the shelf life of refrigerated lamb loin when added to this meat vacuum packaged