36 research outputs found

    The influence of human resource management on improvement of business ethics

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    In this paper the importance of practice of human resource management as of a significant driver of business ethics in companies has been considered. The basic premise of the paper is the fact that the companyñ€ℱs main source of unethical behaviour is situated in its peopleñ€ℱs activities which further implies that many measures aimed to apply and improve business ethics belong to the domain of human resource management. Based on research results on a sample of 36 enterprises, the paper attempts to answer important questions as: what are the problems regarding business ethics facing human resource experts and to what extent the existing human resource management practices influence the application and improvement of business ethics in Serbian enterprises.Business ethics, human resource management, ethical workplace, employees., Labor and Human Capital, M12, M50,

    Distribution of metals in the Montenegrin part of Skadar Lake

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    Metal contamination in Skadar Lake, the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula, was studied during this research. Skadar Lake, which is a transboundary lake shared between two countries - Montenegro and Albania, represents an area of regional importance with a high level of species diversity, as well as diversity of habitats and landscapes, therefore it has a mosaic spread of ecosystems. The lake is famous for a wide range of endemic and rare, or even endangered plant and animal species. Especially due to the bird fauna, the lake has a highly significant international importance. The Montenegrin part of the lake has been designated as National Park in 1983 and has been included in the Ramsar list in 1995. Different anthropogenic pressures have influenced the fragile equilibriums of the lake ecosystem, either directly or indirectly. For understanding the existing and potential effects of metals on the aquatic environment and human life, it was necessary to investigate the current concentrations and spatial distribution characteristics of metal pollutants in Skadar Lake. At selected sites metal levels in different compartments (water, sediment and lake biota) were monitored with main focus on the food chain, in order to determine the risk of metal bioaccumulation. Results showed low levels of metals in the lake surface and bottom water but high levels of some metals in lake sediments. Sequential extraction indicates that the mineral fraction bounds the majority of chromium, nickel and copper in lake‘s sediment. Based on the guidelines for freshwater ecosystems, adverse effects are expected to happen due to high concentrations of nickel in all ten stations from Skadar Lake. Metals (Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn) were present in both plant samples (Phragmites communis and Vallisneria spiralis), at high concentrations, but they were not detected in two types of endemic fish‘s tissue (gill, muscle, liver), indicating that consumption is safe for humans. Presented research was focused more on the preliminary investigation of the metals in Skadar Lake, and due to some limitations in the period of research (absence of some species from the food chain, insufficient time for research, doing the research only in Montenegrin part of the lake, not considering the tributaries), might not give an accurate insight in the metal concentrations and loads. In order to determine and quantify the latter, detailed identification of sources of metals, spatially and temporally distributed monitoring campaigns for the entire lake (including the Albanian part), and investigation of complete ecological food chains can be recommended for further research

    Lixiviation et récupération du molybdÚne, du nickel et du cobalt à partir des boues minérales générées par une usine de recyclage métallurgique

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    In view of the on-going depletion of the natural resources taking place worldwide, the high price, high demand and future shortage of the primary mineral resources for Mo, Ni and Co it is extremely important to implement metals recycling/recovery/reuse from semi-finished products, by-products, secondary materials and wastes, including hazardous waste (i.e. spent catalysts, mineral sludges). Furthermore, there is a need to utilize more efficient technologies to recover metals from wastes/secondary resources in order to minimize capital outlay, environmental impact and to respond to the metal increased demand. Among the different secondary resources, spent catalysts and mineral sludges generated at the spent catalysts recycling plants could be a very good secondary resource, as they contain high concentrations of different metals (especially Mo, Ni and Co). Therefore, they should be viewed as a resource, not as a waste. In our study we are dealing with the catalyst, metallic oxide and battery recycling plant mineral sludge. This type of material contains high concentrations of different metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, speciation, leaching and recovery of Mo, Ni and Co from this type of material were not investigated before. Mineral sludge was minutely characterized where pH, Loss On Ignition (LOI), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Total Metal Content (TMC) and Sequential Extraction (SE) were performed. Based on the mineral sludge characterization results the leaching rate and yields of Mo, Ni and Co from mineral sludge sample were quantified. Different leaching reagents (stand-alone acids (nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric) and acid mixtures (aqua regia (nitric + hydrochloric (1:3)), nitric + sulfuric (1:1) and nitric + sulfuric + hydrochloric (2:1:1)) were investigated at changing operational parameters (solid to liquid ratio, leaching time and temperature), in order to understand the leaching features and select the suitable leaching reagent which achieves the highest metal leaching yields. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was found to be the leachant with the highest metal leaching potential. The optimal leaching conditions were a three stage successive leaching, temperature 80°C, leaching time 2 h and S/L ratio 0.25 g L-1. Under these conditions, the leaching yields from our mineral sludge sample reached 85.5, 40.5 and 93.8% for Mo, Ni and Co, respectivelyCompte tenu de l'Ă©puisement en cours des ressources naturelles qui ont lieu dans le monde entier, le prix Ă©levĂ©, la forte demande et la pĂ©nurie future des ressources minĂ©rales primaires pour Mo, Ni et Co, il est extrĂȘmement important de mettre en Ɠuvre le recyclage des mĂ©taux/rĂ©cupĂ©ration/rĂ©utilisation partir des demi-finis produits, sous-produits, des matĂ©riaux secondaires et des dĂ©chets, y compris les dĂ©chets dangereux (ce est Ă  dire des catalyseurs usĂ©s, boues minĂ©rales). En outre, il est nĂ©cessaire d'utiliser des technologies plus efficaces pour rĂ©cupĂ©rer des mĂ©taux Ă  partir de dĂ©chets/ressources secondaires afin de minimiser les dĂ©penses en capital, l'impact environnemental et de rĂ©pondre Ă  l'augmentation de la demande de mĂ©tal. Parmi les diffĂ©rentes ressources secondaires, les catalyseurs usĂ©s et les boues minĂ©rales gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s aux catalyseurs usĂ©s usines de recyclage pourrait ĂȘtre une trĂšs bonne ressource secondaire, car ils contiennent des concentrations Ă©levĂ©es de mĂ©taux diffĂ©rents (en particulier Mo, Ni et Co). Par consĂ©quent, ils doivent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s comme une ressource et non comme un dĂ©chet. Dans notre Ă©tude, nous traitons avec le catalyseur, l'oxyde mĂ©tallique et le recyclage des piles minĂ©rales de la plante boues. Ce type de matĂ©riau contient de fortes concentrations de mĂ©taux diffĂ©rents. Cependant, au mieux de nos connaissances de spĂ©ciation, lixiviation et de rĂ©cupĂ©ration des propriĂ©tĂ©s de ce type de matĂ©riel n'ont pas Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s auparavant. Boues minĂ©rales a Ă©tĂ© minutieusement caractĂ©risĂ©e oĂč le pH, La perte au feu (LOI), ToxicitĂ© CaractĂ©ristique Lixiviation ProcĂ©dure (TCLP), Diffraction des rayons X (XRD), Microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă  balayage (SEM) avec dispersion d'Ă©nergie des rayons X spectroscopie (EDS), Total MĂ©tal Contenu (TMC) et Extraction SĂ©quentielle (SE) ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es. Sur la base des rĂ©sultats de la caractĂ©risation des boues minĂ©rales, le taux de lixiviation et les rendements de Mo, Ni et Co Ă  partir de l'Ă©chantillon de boue minĂ©rale ont Ă©tĂ© quantifiĂ©s. DiffĂ©rents rĂ©actifs de lixiviation (autonome acides (nitrique, sulfurique et chlorhydrique) et les mĂ©langes d'acides (eau rĂ©gale (nitrique + chlorhydrique (1:3)), nitrique + sulfurique (1:1) et nitrique + sulfurique + chlorhydrique (2:1:1)) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă  changer les paramĂštres de fonctionnement (solides ratio liquide, le temps de lixiviation et de la tempĂ©rature), afin de comprendre les caractĂ©ristiques de lixiviation et sĂ©lectionnez le rĂ©actif de lixiviation appropriĂ© qui permet d'atteindre les plus hauts rendements de lixiviation de mĂ©tal. Acide sulfurique (H2SO4) a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ© d'ĂȘtre le produit de lixiviation avec le potentiel de lixiviation des mĂ©taux les plus Ă©levĂ©s. Les conditions de lixiviation optimales Ă©taient une lixiviation en trois Ă©tapes successives, la tempĂ©rature de 80°C, le temps de lixiviation 2 h, et S/L rapport 0.25 g L-1. Dans ces conditions, les rendements de lixiviation Ă  partir de notre Ă©chantillon de boue minĂ©rale a atteint 85.5, 40.5 et 93.8% pour Mo, Ni et Co, respectivemen

    Generiskt utbyte av lÀkemedel pÄ apotek : EnkÀtundersökning av apotekskunders uppfattning av generiskt utbyte och eventuellt samband med sprÄket de talar i hemmet

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    Bakgrund: Generiska lĂ€kemedel Ă€r lĂ€kemedel som Ă€r medicinskt utbytbara och har samma funktion, kvalitet och sĂ€kerhet som originallĂ€kemedel. Generika har samma aktiva substans och effekt men har ett annat namn och produceras av en annan tillverkare. Skillnaden mellan generika och originallĂ€kemedel Ă€r att de kan ha olika produktnamn, hjĂ€lpĂ€mnen, bipacksedel, utseende och en annan leverantör. Kriterier för att generika och originallĂ€kemedel ska vara utbytbara Ă€r att de bĂ„da ska vara godkĂ€nda som lĂ€kemedel, ha samma beredningsform samt vara bioekvivalenta. Lag om lĂ€kemedelsförmĂ„ner och generiskutbyte trĂ€dde i kraft den 1. oktober 2002. I denna lag finns bestĂ€mmelser om lĂ€kemedelsförmĂ„ner, prisreglering av lĂ€kemedel som ingĂ„r i förmĂ„nen och andra sammanhĂ€ngande frĂ„gor. Apoteken Ă€r skyldiga att byta det förskrivna lĂ€kemedlet mot det billigaste likvĂ€rdiga lĂ€kemedel som finns tillgĂ€ngligt. Detta gĂ€ller endast lĂ€kemedel som omfattas av lĂ€kemedelsförmĂ„n. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kunder pĂ„ apoteket upplever generiskt utbyte och identifiera vilka eventuella problem som kan förekomma samt att undersöka om kundernas modersmĂ„l pĂ„verkar deras syn pĂ„ generiskt utbyte. Metod: EnkĂ€tstudie med semikvantitativ och systematisk ansats. Kunder 18 Ă„r och Ă€ldre och som hĂ€mtade lĂ€kemedel pĂ„ recept dĂ€r generiskt utbyte var möjligt tillfrĂ„gades av expedierande farmaceuten om deltagandet i studie. I undersökningen besvarades 502 enkĂ€ter varav 40 deltagare hade ett annat modersmĂ„l Ă€n svenska. Resultat: Majoriteten, 87% av deltagarna angav att de hade fĂ„tt generiskt utbyte. 42% av respondenterna hade fĂ„tt information om generiskt utbyte av sin lĂ€kare medan 98% fick informationen pĂ„ apoteket. Största andelen av deltagarna 36% var i Ă„ldern 45–64 Ă„r. 24% av deltagarna upplevde generiskt utbyte som ett problem. Skillnad mellan deltagare som hade svenska som sitt modersmĂ„l och de som hade ett annat sprĂ„k var inte sĂ„ stor nĂ€r det gĂ€llde hur de upplevde generiskt utbyte. De mest förekommande svar nĂ€r det gĂ€llde problem med generiskt utbyte var att kunder inte kĂ€nde igen förpackning, tablett och/eller namn. De som hade ett annat sprĂ„k som sitt modersmĂ„l svarade att största problemet med utbytet var att de kĂ€nde skillnad i effekt, nya biverkningar och inte kĂ€nde igen namnet pĂ„ generikan. Slutsats: Studien visar att majoriteten (87%) var nöjda med generiskt utbyte. Det var pĂ„ apoteket som de flesta fick information om det generiska utbytet. De som svarade att de upplevde generiskt utbyte som ett problem angav att de inte kĂ€nde igen förpackningen, tabletten eller namn pĂ„ generikan

    Lixiviation et récupération du molybdÚne, du nickel et du cobalt à partir des boues minérales générées par une usine de recyclage métallurgique

    No full text
    In view of the on-going depletion of the natural resources taking place worldwide, the high price, high demand and future shortage of the primary mineral resources for Mo, Ni and Co it is extremely important to implement metals recycling/recovery/reuse from semi-finished products, by-products, secondary materials and wastes, including hazardous waste (i.e. spent catalysts, mineral sludges). Furthermore, there is a need to utilize more efficient technologies to recover metals from wastes/secondary resources in order to minimize capital outlay, environmental impact and to respond to the metal increased demand. Among the different secondary resources, spent catalysts and mineral sludges generated at the spent catalysts recycling plants could be a very good secondary resource, as they contain high concentrations of different metals (especially Mo, Ni and Co). Therefore, they should be viewed as a resource, not as a waste. In our study we are dealing with the catalyst, metallic oxide and battery recycling plant mineral sludge. This type of material contains high concentrations of different metals. However, to the best of our knowledge, speciation, leaching and recovery of Mo, Ni and Co from this type of material were not investigated before. Mineral sludge was minutely characterized where pH, Loss On Ignition (LOI), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Total Metal Content (TMC) and Sequential Extraction (SE) were performed. Based on the mineral sludge characterization results the leaching rate and yields of Mo, Ni and Co from mineral sludge sample were quantified. Different leaching reagents (stand-alone acids (nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric) and acid mixtures (aqua regia (nitric + hydrochloric (1:3)), nitric + sulfuric (1:1) and nitric + sulfuric + hydrochloric (2:1:1)) were investigated at changing operational parameters (solid to liquid ratio, leaching time and temperature), in order to understand the leaching features and select the suitable leaching reagent which achieves the highest metal leaching yields. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was found to be the leachant with the highest metal leaching potential. The optimal leaching conditions were a three stage successive leaching, temperature 80°C, leaching time 2 h and S/L ratio 0.25 g L-1. Under these conditions, the leaching yields from our mineral sludge sample reached 85.5, 40.5 and 93.8% for Mo, Ni and Co, respectivelyCompte tenu de l'Ă©puisement en cours des ressources naturelles qui ont lieu dans le monde entier, le prix Ă©levĂ©, la forte demande et la pĂ©nurie future des ressources minĂ©rales primaires pour Mo, Ni et Co, il est extrĂȘmement important de mettre en Ɠuvre le recyclage des mĂ©taux/rĂ©cupĂ©ration/rĂ©utilisation partir des demi-finis produits, sous-produits, des matĂ©riaux secondaires et des dĂ©chets, y compris les dĂ©chets dangereux (ce est Ă  dire des catalyseurs usĂ©s, boues minĂ©rales). En outre, il est nĂ©cessaire d'utiliser des technologies plus efficaces pour rĂ©cupĂ©rer des mĂ©taux Ă  partir de dĂ©chets/ressources secondaires afin de minimiser les dĂ©penses en capital, l'impact environnemental et de rĂ©pondre Ă  l'augmentation de la demande de mĂ©tal. Parmi les diffĂ©rentes ressources secondaires, les catalyseurs usĂ©s et les boues minĂ©rales gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s aux catalyseurs usĂ©s usines de recyclage pourrait ĂȘtre une trĂšs bonne ressource secondaire, car ils contiennent des concentrations Ă©levĂ©es de mĂ©taux diffĂ©rents (en particulier Mo, Ni et Co). Par consĂ©quent, ils doivent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s comme une ressource et non comme un dĂ©chet. Dans notre Ă©tude, nous traitons avec le catalyseur, l'oxyde mĂ©tallique et le recyclage des piles minĂ©rales de la plante boues. Ce type de matĂ©riau contient de fortes concentrations de mĂ©taux diffĂ©rents. Cependant, au mieux de nos connaissances de spĂ©ciation, lixiviation et de rĂ©cupĂ©ration des propriĂ©tĂ©s de ce type de matĂ©riel n'ont pas Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s auparavant. Boues minĂ©rales a Ă©tĂ© minutieusement caractĂ©risĂ©e oĂč le pH, La perte au feu (LOI), ToxicitĂ© CaractĂ©ristique Lixiviation ProcĂ©dure (TCLP), Diffraction des rayons X (XRD), Microscopie Ă©lectronique Ă  balayage (SEM) avec dispersion d'Ă©nergie des rayons X spectroscopie (EDS), Total MĂ©tal Contenu (TMC) et Extraction SĂ©quentielle (SE) ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es. Sur la base des rĂ©sultats de la caractĂ©risation des boues minĂ©rales, le taux de lixiviation et les rendements de Mo, Ni et Co Ă  partir de l'Ă©chantillon de boue minĂ©rale ont Ă©tĂ© quantifiĂ©s. DiffĂ©rents rĂ©actifs de lixiviation (autonome acides (nitrique, sulfurique et chlorhydrique) et les mĂ©langes d'acides (eau rĂ©gale (nitrique + chlorhydrique (1:3)), nitrique + sulfurique (1:1) et nitrique + sulfurique + chlorhydrique (2:1:1)) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s Ă  changer les paramĂštres de fonctionnement (solides ratio liquide, le temps de lixiviation et de la tempĂ©rature), afin de comprendre les caractĂ©ristiques de lixiviation et sĂ©lectionnez le rĂ©actif de lixiviation appropriĂ© qui permet d'atteindre les plus hauts rendements de lixiviation de mĂ©tal. Acide sulfurique (H2SO4) a Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ© d'ĂȘtre le produit de lixiviation avec le potentiel de lixiviation des mĂ©taux les plus Ă©levĂ©s. Les conditions de lixiviation optimales Ă©taient une lixiviation en trois Ă©tapes successives, la tempĂ©rature de 80°C, le temps de lixiviation 2 h, et S/L rapport 0.25 g L-1. Dans ces conditions, les rendements de lixiviation Ă  partir de notre Ă©chantillon de boue minĂ©rale a atteint 85.5, 40.5 et 93.8% pour Mo, Ni et Co, respectivemen

    Editorial

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    From the Edito

    Generiskt utbyte av lÀkemedel pÄ apotek : EnkÀtundersökning av apotekskunders uppfattning av generiskt utbyte och eventuellt samband med sprÄket de talar i hemmet

    No full text
    Bakgrund: Generiska lĂ€kemedel Ă€r lĂ€kemedel som Ă€r medicinskt utbytbara och har samma funktion, kvalitet och sĂ€kerhet som originallĂ€kemedel. Generika har samma aktiva substans och effekt men har ett annat namn och produceras av en annan tillverkare. Skillnaden mellan generika och originallĂ€kemedel Ă€r att de kan ha olika produktnamn, hjĂ€lpĂ€mnen, bipacksedel, utseende och en annan leverantör. Kriterier för att generika och originallĂ€kemedel ska vara utbytbara Ă€r att de bĂ„da ska vara godkĂ€nda som lĂ€kemedel, ha samma beredningsform samt vara bioekvivalenta. Lag om lĂ€kemedelsförmĂ„ner och generiskutbyte trĂ€dde i kraft den 1. oktober 2002. I denna lag finns bestĂ€mmelser om lĂ€kemedelsförmĂ„ner, prisreglering av lĂ€kemedel som ingĂ„r i förmĂ„nen och andra sammanhĂ€ngande frĂ„gor. Apoteken Ă€r skyldiga att byta det förskrivna lĂ€kemedlet mot det billigaste likvĂ€rdiga lĂ€kemedel som finns tillgĂ€ngligt. Detta gĂ€ller endast lĂ€kemedel som omfattas av lĂ€kemedelsförmĂ„n. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kunder pĂ„ apoteket upplever generiskt utbyte och identifiera vilka eventuella problem som kan förekomma samt att undersöka om kundernas modersmĂ„l pĂ„verkar deras syn pĂ„ generiskt utbyte. Metod: EnkĂ€tstudie med semikvantitativ och systematisk ansats. Kunder 18 Ă„r och Ă€ldre och som hĂ€mtade lĂ€kemedel pĂ„ recept dĂ€r generiskt utbyte var möjligt tillfrĂ„gades av expedierande farmaceuten om deltagandet i studie. I undersökningen besvarades 502 enkĂ€ter varav 40 deltagare hade ett annat modersmĂ„l Ă€n svenska. Resultat: Majoriteten, 87% av deltagarna angav att de hade fĂ„tt generiskt utbyte. 42% av respondenterna hade fĂ„tt information om generiskt utbyte av sin lĂ€kare medan 98% fick informationen pĂ„ apoteket. Största andelen av deltagarna 36% var i Ă„ldern 45–64 Ă„r. 24% av deltagarna upplevde generiskt utbyte som ett problem. Skillnad mellan deltagare som hade svenska som sitt modersmĂ„l och de som hade ett annat sprĂ„k var inte sĂ„ stor nĂ€r det gĂ€llde hur de upplevde generiskt utbyte. De mest förekommande svar nĂ€r det gĂ€llde problem med generiskt utbyte var att kunder inte kĂ€nde igen förpackning, tablett och/eller namn. De som hade ett annat sprĂ„k som sitt modersmĂ„l svarade att största problemet med utbytet var att de kĂ€nde skillnad i effekt, nya biverkningar och inte kĂ€nde igen namnet pĂ„ generikan. Slutsats: Studien visar att majoriteten (87%) var nöjda med generiskt utbyte. Det var pĂ„ apoteket som de flesta fick information om det generiska utbytet. De som svarade att de upplevde generiskt utbyte som ett problem angav att de inte kĂ€nde igen förpackningen, tabletten eller namn pĂ„ generikan

    Is HR the key to success? : A qualitative study on the role and importance of the HR function in the organization.

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    Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att kartlÀgga hur HR-funktionens arbete Àr vÀrdeskapande i organisationen. Metod: Studien utgÄr frÄn en deduktiv forskningsansats och har tillÀmpat en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Det empiriska underlaget har samlats in genom Ätta semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer inom HR och med chefer i organisationen. Studien genomfördes pÄ företagen Volvo Cars och Scania Slutsats: Studien har visat att de faktorer som ger ett vÀrdeskapande HR-arbete Àr verksamhetsförstÄelse, nÀrvarande HR, delaktighet i ledningsgrupp för HR-personal samt att det finns en förstÄelse för vad HR arbetar med frÄn chefernas perspektiv.

    Is HR the key to success? : A qualitative study on the role and importance of the HR function in the organization.

    No full text
    Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen Àr att kartlÀgga hur HR-funktionens arbete Àr vÀrdeskapande i organisationen. Metod: Studien utgÄr frÄn en deduktiv forskningsansats och har tillÀmpat en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Det empiriska underlaget har samlats in genom Ätta semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer inom HR och med chefer i organisationen. Studien genomfördes pÄ företagen Volvo Cars och Scania Slutsats: Studien har visat att de faktorer som ger ett vÀrdeskapande HR-arbete Àr verksamhetsförstÄelse, nÀrvarande HR, delaktighet i ledningsgrupp för HR-personal samt att det finns en förstÄelse för vad HR arbetar med frÄn chefernas perspektiv.
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