Computation of Madelung Energies for Ionic Crystals of Variable Stoichiometries and Mixed Valencies and their application in Lithium-ion battery voltage modelling

Electrostatic energy (Madelung energy) is a major constituent of the cohesive energy of ionic crystals. Several physicochemical properties of these materials depend on the response of their electrostatic energy to a variety of applied thermal, electrical and mechanical stresses. In the present study, a method has been developed based on Ewalds technique, to compute the electrostatic energy arising from ion-ion interactions in ionic crystals like LixMn2O4 with variable stoichiometries and mixed valencies. An interesting application of this method in computing the voltages of lithium ion batteries employing spinel cathodes is presented for the first time. The advantages of the present method of computation over existing methods are also discussed.Comment: 15 page

Comparison of Customer Satisfaction in SBI and ICICI- Application of Mann-Whitney Rank Sum U-Test

Customers have become the lifeblood of any organization. Without customers, organizations would not exist let alone survive in this competitive global environment. Banks depend on sufficient and sustaining profitability to survive in the global business world. Customers are the source of banks’ profitability. By satisfying the customer, the bank is able to retain the customer and reap maximum benefits from the relationship which ultimately leads to higher profitability. Customer satisfaction has therefore evolved as a strategic business initiative which banks cannot ignore and retention of the bank customer has become one of the most important objectives of the overall marketing strategy of any bank. Customer satisfaction has been one of the main concerns of banks of late. This has been necessitated by the stiff competition in the banking industry. Banks are striving hard to offer quality services and products in a bid to maintain existing customers and woo new ones as well. Customers on the hand want the best value for their money so they are always coming around to get the best services

A graphical approach for verification of the central limit theorem

The distribution of the sample mean, when sampling from a normally distributed population, is known to be normal. When sampling is done from a non-normal population, the above result holds when the number of samples (n) is sufficiently large. This important result is known as the Central Limit Theorem (CLT). The CLT plays a very important role in statistical inference. The logical question that arises is: how large does n have to be before the CLT can be used? No one answer is available in the statistical literature, since n depends on the extent of nonnormality present in the underlying population. A rule of thumb given in almost every introductory applied statistics text is that n = 30 is sufficient for most cases. In this thesis, the method of bootstrap is used to develop a graphical approach to determine if the CLT will be valid for any given random sample. A computer program in C#.NET is developed and Monte Carlo simulation is used to demonstrate the program

Ethanobotanical studies on Achyranthes aspera Linn. among the folk peoples of Tamilnadu, South India

The study documents indigenous Achyranthes aspera used for folk and tribal medicine in South Indian medicinal system.We have to take the survey among the village peoples and tribal peoples in concern district of Tamilnadu .The plant are commonly used for certain diseases and this is discussed with the literature

Financial consumer protection and customer satisfaction. A relationship study by using factor analysis and discriminant analysis

This paper tries to make an attempt to study the relationship between the financial consumer protection and customer satisfaction by using factor analysis and discriminant analysis. The main objectives of the study are to analyze the financial consumer protection in commercial banks, to examine the customer satisfaction of commercial banks and to identify the factors of financial consumer protection lead customer satisfaction. There are many research work carried out on financial consumer protection and financial literacy, but the identification of factors which lead the financial consumer protection and the relationship between financial consumer protection and the customer satisfaction is very important, Particularly for banks to improve its quality and increase the customer satisfaction. Therefore this study is carried out with the aim of identifying the factors of financial consumer protection and its influence on customer satisfaction. This study is both descriptive and analytical in nature. It covers both primary and secondary data. The primary data has been collected from the customers of commercial banks using pre-tested interview schedule and the secondary data has been collected from standard books, journals, magazines, websites and so on

A REVIEW ON MARINE ALGAE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

The ocean is the major essential source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly present in living organisms. The essential products extracted from marine microbes and marine algae are highly analyzed areas in instinctive product research. Marine algae are the novel food with potential nutritional values used for multiple purposes in industry and medicine. They show pharmacological activities which are helpful for the invention of bioactive compounds. Furthermore, marine algae have shown to provide an abundant source of natural bioactive compounds with antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antibacterial, and antineoplastic properties. They produce new secondary metabolites that possess biological activities and have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. Macroalgal lectins, fucoidans, kainoids, and other substances have been routinely used in the research of biomedical and also have biological activities. The potential pharmaceutical, medicinal, and research applications of these compounds are discussed