Soil domestication by rice cultivation results in plant-soil feedback through shifts in soil microbiota.

BackgroundSoils are a key component of agricultural productivity, and soil microbiota determine the availability of many essential plant nutrients. Agricultural domestication of soils, that is, the conversion of previously uncultivated soils to a cultivated state, is frequently accompanied by intensive monoculture, especially in the developing world. However, there is limited understanding of how continuous cultivation alters the structure of prokaryotic soil microbiota after soil domestication, including to what extent crop plants impact soil microbiota composition, and how changes in microbiota composition arising from cultivation affect crop performance.ResultsWe show here that continuous monoculture (> 8 growing seasons) of the major food crop rice under flooded conditions is associated with a pronounced shift in soil bacterial and archaeal microbiota structure towards a more consistent composition, thereby domesticating microbiota of previously uncultivated sites. Aside from the potential effects of agricultural cultivation practices, we provide evidence that rice plants themselves are important drivers of the domestication process, acting through selective enrichment of specific taxa, including methanogenic archaea, in their rhizosphere that differ from those of native plants growing in the same environment. Furthermore, we find that microbiota from soils domesticated by rice cultivation contribute to plant-soil feedback, by imparting a negative effect on rice seedling vigor.ConclusionsSoil domestication through continuous monoculture cultivation of rice results in compositional changes in the soil microbiota, which are in part driven by the rice plants. The consequences include a negative impact on plant performance and increases in greenhouse gas emitting microbes

Functional and structural social support, substance use and sexual orientation from a nationally representative sample of US adults

Background and AimsSexual minority (SM) populations experience higher rates of substance use disorder (SUD) associated with increased sexual orientation‐related stress. Social support may moderate the impact of stress on SUD among SM adults. This study assessed associations between social support and DSM‐5 SUD by sex and sexual minority identity.DesignCross‐sectional study using data from the 2012–13 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC‐III).Setting and participantsA nationally representative cross‐sectional sample of adults (n = 36 309) in the United States.MeasurementsSUD were defined based on the DSM‐5 criteria for alcohol use (AUD), tobacco use (TUD) and drug use (DUD) disorders. Structural social support was measured as the type and frequency of kin and non‐kin contact, and functional social support was measured by the Social Provision Scale.FindingsSM adults had higher odds of all SUD compared to heterosexual adults [AUD = 1.535, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.782–1.844; TUD = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.234–1.854; DUD = 1.520, 95% CI = 1.139–2.028]; SM women experienced the highest proportion of all SUD (AUD = 27.1%, TUD = 29.1%, DUD = 10.9%). Type of social support was differentially associated with SUD by sex and sexual identity status. Higher social provision was associated with lower rates of AUD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.771, 95% CI = 0.705–0.844], TUD (aOR = 0.747, 95% CI = 0.694–0.804] and DUD (aOR = 0.558, 95% CI = 0.490–0.636). Marriage was associated with lower SUD among heterosexual men (AUD, aOR = 0.500, 95% CI = 0.432–0.579; TUD, aOR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.521–0.699; DUD, aOR = 0.504, 95% CI = 0.369–0.689) and women (AUD, aOR = 0.637, 95% CI = 0.529–0.767; TUD = 0.0.584, 95% CI = 0.507–0.671; DUD, aOR = 0.515, 95% CI = 0.372–0.712). Compared to heterosexual adults, SM women with at least one child under the age of 18 years had higher odds of TUD (aOR = 1.990, 95% CI = 1.325–2.988). SM‐related discrimination was not associated with SUD among some SM subgroups, but discrimination among male heterosexually identifying individuals reporting same‐sex attraction or behavior was associated AUD (aOR = 4.608, 95% CI = 1.615–13.14).ConclusionsIn the United States there are significant associations between functional support (quality or provision of support) and structural support (type and frequency of social networks) and substance use disorder (SUD) which differ by sex and sexual identity status.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/1/add14819.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154284/2/add14819_am.pd

Initiation Sequence of E‐Cigarette and Cigarette Smoking among US Adolescents: A National Study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/1/ajad12886_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149688/2/ajad12886.pd

Sports involvement, injury history, and non‐medical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/1/ajad12657.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141733/2/ajad12657_am.pd

The effect of binder concentration in fluidized-bed granulation: Transition between wet and melt granulation

According to the binder nature, fluidized-bed granulation (FBG) is usually classified as wet or melt granulation. In particular, the industrial urea granulation performed in fluidized beds, is often called “melt granulation” because a highly concentrated urea solution is used as binder (between 95–97 wt%) (Cotabarren et al., 2012). However, plant disturbances can cause changes in binder urea concentration and thus granulation can shift from melt to wet granulation and vice versa. In a previous investigation, the granulation system urea (seeds)–urea (binder) was extensively studied in a pilot-scale batch fluidized-bed granulator (Veliz Moraga et al., 2015). Besides, the effect of seed size, bed temperature, binder flowrate and fluidization and atomization air flowrates on process variables as well as on product properties were studied. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of the binder urea concentration on the urea granulation performance and product properties. This concentration was varied from 87.5 wt% to 98 wt%, while the fluidization air velocity, urea melt flowrate, bed temperature set-point and atomization air flowrate were kept constant. The product properties (percentage of agglomerates and coated particles, crushing strength and moisture content) and granulation efficiency are discussed in terms of the transition from wet to melt granulation. The critical urea content was experimentally found; indeed, urea concentrations lower than the critical one dramatically affect the product quality. Finally, the criterion proposed by Villa et al. (2016) for predicting agglomerates formation is used to determine the minimum allowable binder urea concentration. The prediction is consistent with the trends experimentally observed, indicating the good capacity of the criterion to identify the boundary for agglomeration occurrence.Fil: Bertin, Diego Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Cotabarren, Ivana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Veliz Moraga, Sussy Ximena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Piña, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Bucala, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Efecto de la contaminación sonora sobre la salud humana en el Mercado Modelo del distrito El Tambo - 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la contaminación sonora sobre la salud humana en el mercado modelo del distrito El Tambo – 2022. El método utilizado para esta investigación fue de nivel explicativo, tipo aplicado, la muestra fue censal conformada por 200 comerciantes, para la recopilación de datos sobre de la salud de los comerciantes que fueron afectados por la contaminación fue el cuestionario, instrumento que fue validado por expertos y tuvo una confiabilidad de ,762 (Excelente confiabilidad); asimismo, la metodología empleada para el monitoreo de ruido fue la Norma Técnica Peruana ISO – 1996 en las versiones, 1 2 ; y el Protocolo Nacional de Monitoreo de Ruido Ambiental. Los resultados evidenciaron que, los niveles de presión sonora durante el día alcanzaron un valor máximo LAeqT igual a 77.36 dB en el día 23 de junio y 74.18 dB el día 28 de junio. Los puntos críticos identificados a partir del monitoreo realizado en el mercado modelo; fueron el punto 1 con valores de entre 91.81 hasta 93.27 dB, el punto 4 tuvo valores de nivel de intensidad del sonido en el rango de 72.89 a 74.15 dB, el punto 2 los valores fueron de entre 70.38 a 71.64 dB LAeqT. En cuanto a los resultados del cuestionario, se evidenció que el 69.5% tuvo un nivel medio de pérdida de audición, el 62.5% manifestó un nivel medio de interferencia a la comunicación, el 63% manifestó alteración al sueño en un nivel medio y un 56% tuvo un nivel medio de efectos no específicos como estrés, alteración en la frecuencia cardiaca, fatiga y desorientación a causa del ruido. En conclusión, la contaminación sonora trae consigo consecuencias negativas en los comerciantes debido a que estos están expuesto a niveles superiores a 70 dB de presión sonora

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Related to COVID-19 in Children From Latin America and the Caribbean Region: A Systematic Review With a Meta-Analysis of Data From Regional Surveillance Systems

Background: With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing numbers of cases of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been reported worldwide; however, it is unclear whether this syndrome has a differential pattern in children from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and outcome characteristics of patients with MIS-C in LAC countries. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the main electronic databases and scientific meetings from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Available reports on epidemiological surveillance of countries in the region during the same period were analyzed. Results: Of the 464 relevant studies identified, 23 were included with 592 patients with MIS-C from LAC. Mean age was 6.6 years (IQR, 6–7.4 years); 60% were male. The most common clinical manifestations were fever, rash, and conjunctival injection; 59% showed Kawasaki disease. Pool proportion of shock was 52%. A total of 47% of patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 23% required mechanical ventilation, and 74% required vasoactive drugs. Intravenous gamma globulin alone was administered in 87% of patients, and in combination with steroids in 60% of cases. Length of hospital stay was 10 days (IQR, 9–10) and PICU stay 5.75 (IQR, 5–6). Overall case fatality ratio was 4% and for those hospitalized in the PICU it was 7%. Conclusion: Limited information was available on the clinical outcomes. Improvements in the surveillance system are required to obtain a better epidemiologic overview in the region.Fil: Ruvinsky, Silvina Denise. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Voto, Carla. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Roel, Macarena. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Fustiñana, Ana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Veliz, Natalia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Martin Eduardo. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield";Fil: Rodriguez, Susana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Ulloa Gutierrez, Rolando. Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; Costa Rica. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas; Costa RicaFil: Bardach, Ariel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentin

“Central Paz” Servicios funerarios integrales para el público en general en la provincia de Huancayo con impacto positivo en el desarrollo de la economía local

1. Aspectos generales -- 2. Estudio de mercado -- 3. Estudio Técnico Operativo -- 4. Estudio administrativo, legal y organizacional -- 5. Estudio económic

Sexual Orientation, Tobacco Use, and Tobacco Cessation Treatment-Seeking: Results from a National U.S. Survey

Despite higher rates of tobacco use and smoking-related diseases among sexual minorities, tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors (e.g., medication, nicotine replacement products) remain poorly understood across sexual orientation subgroups. This study examines tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors associated with DSM-5 tobacco use disorder (TUD) across the three major sexual orientation dimensions (identity, attraction, behavior) in U.S. adults. Prevalence estimates reflect data collected from a 2012–2013 national sample of adults 18 years and older. More than three-fourths of U.S. adults with TUD had never engaged in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors, regardless of sexual orientation. Despite having the highest rates of TUD, bisexual men and women had some of the lowest rates of tobacco cessation treatment-seeking. Men who identified as gay, reported same-sex attraction, or same-sex behaviors had the highest rates of tobacco cessation treatment-seeking. In contrast, women with same-sex attraction or same-sex behavior had higher rates of TUD but were less likely to engage in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors than women with only other-sex attraction or other-sex behavior, respectively. Heterosexual women were more likely to engage in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking than heterosexual men; this sex difference was not present for sexual minorities. Medications and nicotine replacement therapy products were the most prevalent forms of treatment-seeking. There were notable differences in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors based on sex and sexual orientation. Findings highlight the underutilization of tobacco cessation treatment-seeking among all U.S. adults and point to important factors to consider when working with sexual minorities who are trying to reduce or stop using tobacco