Review of Adrian Velicu, Civic Catechisms and Reason in the French Revolution

Katekeser är en genre som vanligtvis förknippas med lutheransk religionsundervisning, och inte revolutioner. Dess form, att ställa en antal givna frågor och ge ett definitivt svar för varje fråga synes lämna föga utrymme för självständigt och kritiskt tänkande. Frågandet som teknik är en retorik; syftet är att styra läsarens tänkande i avsedd riktning. Inpräntande av normer, inte radikala reflektioner är katekesens specialitet. Att katekesen form användes såväl av Les philosophes som av Robespierre kan förvåna i det förra fallet, men mindre i det senare, Robespierre ville ju skapa absolut lojala troende revolutionsanhängare. I en monografi byggd på tidigare outnyttjat empiriskt franskt 1700-tals material visar Adrian Velicu, idehistoriker vid Karlstad universitet, att katekeser hade en betydligt vidare användning. Under upplysningen och särskilt under franska revolutionen användes katekesen som medel av revolutionärerna för att skapa en ny medborgare med nya värderingar

NEW TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN ECONOMICS. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

The present paper has the objective to inform the public regarding the use of new techniques for the modeling, simulate and forecast of system from different field of activity. One of those techniques is Artificial Neural Network, one of the artificial inartificial neural network, economics, simulate, artificial intelligence

Élhetőbb város – avagy Smart City = Smart cities for a better world

The subject of this essay is the topic of Smart City, which is one of the important areas of the ongoing European integration. The internet and digital technologies are transforming our world in every walk of our private and commercial lives. Cities must take an active part in the digital revolution, and must make all the resulting new digital possibilities available to all citizens and enterprises. In the field of digital tools and service there are multiple untapped opportunities that await citizens and enterprises. From online purchase and learning through paying the checks to online administration, the web offers the best solution, if conditions are provided. Nowadays we are witnessing the time of social changes, scientific discoveries and the rapid development of technology. This process is accompanied by the incursion of “civilization”, the increase of the standard of living and life expectancy and the rising number of the Earth’s population. The latter goes hand in hand with the growing number of cities and their growing size as well. Today more than half of the Earth’s population lives in cities. In the early 21st century the number of urban habitants surpassed 50% of the entire human population. By the end of the century this ratio will expectedly be 70–75%. This not only shows the importance of cities but also the responsibility and challenge that urbanization means all around the world. Through my research I attempt to make Smart City the subject of this essay, as more than half of the Earth’s population is living in cities as the result of the increasingly fast urbanization. The coexistence and environmental change pose new challenges to the inhabitants and leaders of urban areas in many areas of life. Urban development and operation can increasingly be realized only through up-to-date and effective tools. The info-communicational solutions, which are becoming increasingly integral to urban life, add effectively and with a lower cost to the perceptible increase in the quality of life, while invigorating the community’s economy on a local and national level. The goal of my research is to review the related works of Hungarian and international authors in order to make a comprehensive analysis of this area, which in my opinion is exceedingly important, as smart technology is an integral part of our daily lives

Financing resources available for local economic development

This paper reveals that domestic credit is becoming more involved in local economic development, even if it is considered an expensive resource. The loans are presented as a resource available for various “actors” of the local community – individuals, business agents and local authorities.

Institutions of Religious Music Education in Interwar Romania. Case Study: The Academy of Religious Music in Bucharest

In the spring of 1928, Miron – the first Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church – established The Academy of Religious Music in Bucharest, the only academic music institution in Romania, at the time, whose purpose was – from the perspective of its founder, the Patriarch – the rehabilitation of the status of Byzantine music in the Orthodox Church and the establishment of a coherent relationship with Western vocal religious music. The present article investigates the historical, social and cultural context of the establishment of this singular institution of religious music education in Romania, as well as its necessity, objectives and utility. It also explores the benefits it brought to Romanian Orthodox religious music and to the Church, until 1948, when it was disbanded by the Communist regime

3d modeling and fem analysis for solar panel mounting system on a house roof

Mechanical structures 3D modeling in the aim of real-time simulation of the product dynamic behavior, using computer performing software, is a necessity. In the paper, there are presented some aspects regarding the 3D modeling and FEM analysis for a mounting system used to fix solar panels or collectors on house roof. First, there are presented some general aspects of the mounting systems used to fix solar panels on the house roof. Then there are presented the aspects of virtual modeling of these parts, using CATIA software. Then, there are presented some aspects of the Finite Element Analysis and the results of this. In the final part of the paper, there are presented the conclusion

Contesting Post-Communist Economic Development : Gold Extraction, Local Community, and Rural Decline in Romania

Plans to open a globally significant gold mine at Roşia Montană, in the Transylvanian region of Romania, have led to decades of controversy and struggle. This paper explores different understandings of extraction amongst advocates for and opponents of the mine over the last two decades. We discuss the shifting roles of capital, the state, civil society organizations, and the local community over time, arguing for the need to distinguish between their different positions on mining. In particular, we contend that the understanding of extraction promoted by the owners of the mine, and by the local community, is fundamentally different in terms of cultural, social, and economic priorities. The local community argue for a traditional type of mining, embedded in local ownership and established labor identities, whereas the neoliberal vision of capital for the Roşia Montană site is that of a globally competitive, technologically advanced form of extraction. In uncovering and developing these hermeneutic differences, the paper reveals that pro-traditional development attitudes among economically marginalized groups are not necessarily attuned to the material global interconnections shaping neoliberal capitalism

Translations of Napoleon’s Catechism (1806) in Dalmatia and Illyrian Provinces, part one

S francuskom upravom u hrvatskim zemljama stupilo je na snagu i francusko državno zakonodavstvo. Između ostaloga, ono je uključivalo i Konkordat između Napoleona i Svete Stolice iz 1801. te Napoleonovu jednostranu zakonsku nadopunu u obliku 77 „Organskih članaka“ iz iste godine. Ovi dokumenti učinili su katoličke biskupije u Francuskoj nekom vrstom carskih upravnih tijela pod nadzorom Ministarstva bogoštovlja. Tako je čl. 39. propisao da će u katoličkim crkvama Francuskoga Carstva od tada nadalje moći postojati samo jedna liturgija i samo jedan katekizam. To je bila osnova za sastavljanje jednoga univerzalnoga Katekizma za sve katoličke crkve u Francuskom Carstvu, poznatoga kao Carski katekizam, objavljenoga 1806. godine. Njega su državni organi vlasti uveli bez potvrde pape Pija VII. i u njemu je prvi put u povijesti katekizma uz pouku o četvrtoj Božjoj zapovijedi izrijekom bilo spomenuto jedno svjetovno ime, dakako, cara Napoleona I. Generalni providur Dalmacije Vincenzo Dandolo prvi je godine 1807. naložio prevođenje Carskoga katekizma na „ilirski“, tj. hrvatski jezik, jer je Dalmacija postala dio Kraljevine Italije. Taj je pokušaj završio fijaskom zbog recenzija koje su ukazivale na nerazumljivost prijevoda među narodom. U Ilirskim pokrajinama osnovanim 1809. godine prijevodi su, bilo cjeloviti, bilo prijevodi tek nekoliko poglavlja, na poticaj civilnih vlasti objavljeni 1811. i 1812. godine, i to na čak četiri jezika: talijanskom, slovenskom, njemačkom i „ilirskom“ jeziku. Premda su ti prijevodi ostali bez utjecaja jer su Ilirske pokrajine ukinute već 1813. godine, a Napoleonov katekizam bio strogo zabranjen od strane austrijskih vlasti, ovi prevodilački pothvati ostaju vrlo vrijedan primjer propagande i pokušaja kulturnog transfera Napoleonova imperijalnoga kulta u ove krajeve, o čemu će biti riječ u ovome radu.Coming to power in the Croatian lands the French administration tried to enforce the French state legislation. Among other things, this included the Concordat of 1801 between Napoleon and the Holy See, and Napoleon’s unilateral law supplement in the form of 77 “Organic Articles” came into force in the same year. These documents made the Catholic dioceses in France a kind of imperial administrative bodies supervised by the Ministry of Cult. The article 39 prescribed, from then on, the existence of only one liturgy and only one catechism in all the Catholic churches of the French Empire. This was the foundation for the composition of one universal Catechism for all the Catholic Churches in the French Empire, known as the Imperial Catechism and published in 1806. The state authorities introduced it without the approval of Pope Pius VII. For the first time in the history of catechisms, a secular name was explicitly mentioned with the lesson about the Fourth God’s Commandment. To be sure, it was the name of Emperor Napoleon I. In 1807, Vincenzo Dandolo, general governor of Dalmatia, was the first to order the translation of the Imperial Catechism into the “Illyrian “, that is, Croatian language because Dalmatia became a part of the Kingdom of Italy. This attempt failed because of reviews, which pointed to the bad intelligibility of the translation for ordinary people. In the Illyrian Provinces founded in 1809, the translations in Italian, Slovenian, German and “Illyrian” or Croatian language were either integrally or partly (just a couple of chapters) published at the incentive of civil authorities in 1811 and 1812. They remained without an impact because the Provinces were abolished already in 1813 and Napoleon’s catechism was strictly forbidden by Austrian authorities. Nevertheless, these translation ventures remain very valuable examples of propaganda and the attempt of cultural transfer of Napoleon’s imperial cult into these regions, which will be discussed in this paper

Internet safety helplines: exploratory study first findings

Executive Summary: This is the first short report on a study of Helplines, an essential component of the network of Safer Internet Centres coordinated by Insafe. 70% of all helplines are general service helplines with 30% dedicated specifically to internet safety. All helplines offer a confidential service that offers information, support, guidance and referral. Helplines offer a range of services using a variety of platforms: telephone counselling services, email support, support using online chat, text services, online forum, peer support, social networking and in some instances face-to-face support. Among the most important success factors identified by helplines include: ‘positive feedback from callers’, the ‘number of calls’ and ‘participation from stakeholders’. Among the most persistent risks identified by helplines are bullying and cyberbullying (92%) followed by hate speech (88%) and sexual content (75%). Recommendations arising from the study call for development of an alert system for emerging risks, access to technical expertise for helpline staff and support for further stakeholder collaboration

Editors\u27 note

Uvodna bilješkaEditors\u27 not