Maternidade e paternidade na coorte de nascimentos de 1982 a 2004-5, Pelotas, RS

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of maternity and paternity among subjects and its association with perinatal, socioeconomic and demographic variables. METHODS: The participants were youth, aged 23, on the average, accompanied in a cohort study since they were born, in 1982, in Pelotas (Southern Brazil) and interviewed in 2004-5. Those who were considered eligible referred having had one or more children, whether these were liveborns or stillborns. Data was collected on reproductive health as well as socioeconomic and demographic information, by means of two different instruments. The independent variables were sex and skin color, family income in 1982 and in 2004-5, changes in income, birth weight and educational level when aged 23 years old. Crude and adjusted analysis were conducted by means of Poisson regression so as to investigate the effects of the independent variables on maternity/paternity during adolescence. RESULTS: Among the 4,297 youth interviewed, 1,373 (32%) were parents and 842 (19.6%) of these had experienced maternity/paternity during their adolescence. Planned pregnancy of the first child was directly related to the youth's age. Socioeconomic variables were inversely related to the occurrence of maternity/paternity during adolescence. The probability of being an adolescent mother was higher among black and mixed skin colored women, but skin color was not associated to adolescent paternity. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong relation between adolescent maternity/paternity and socioeconomic conditions, which should be taken into consideration when delineating preventive actions in the field of public health.OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia de maternidad y paternidad en adultos jóvenes y su asociación con variables perinatales, socioeconómicas y demográficas. MÉTODOS: Los participantes fueron jóvenes con edad promedio de 23 años, acompañados en estudio de cohorte desde su nacimiento, en 1982, en Pelotas (Sur de Brasil) y entrevistados en 2004-5. Fueron considerados elegibles los jóvenes que señalaron haber tenido uno o más hijos, nacidos vivos o muertos. Dos cuestionarios fueron aplicados para colectar informaciones sobre salud reproductiva, datos socioeconómicos y demográficos. Las variables independientes fueron sexo y color de la piel, renta familiar en 1982 y 2004-5, cambio de renta, peso al nacer del joven y escolaridad a los 23 años. Los análisis brutos y ajustados fueron realizados por medio de regresión de Poisson para investigar los efectos de las variables independientes sobre la maternidad/paternidad en la adolescencia. RESULTADOS: De 4.297 jóvenes entrevistados, 1.373 (32%) eran madres o padres, de los cuales 842 (19,6%) habían experimentado la maternidad/paternidad en la adolescencia. La planificación del embarazo del primer hijo mostró relación directa con la edad del joven. Relación inversa fue observada entre las variables socioeconómicas y la ocurrencia de maternidad/paternidad en la adolescencia. La probabilidad de ser mamá en la adolescencia fue mayor entre las mujeres negras o pardas, pero el color de la piel no estuvo asociado con la paternidad en la adolescencia. CONCLUSIONES: Hubo fuerte relación entre la maternidad/paternidad en la adolescencia y condiciones socioeconómicas, la cual debe ser considerada en el delineamiento de acciones preventivas en el campo de la salud pública.OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de maternidade e paternidade em adultos jovens e sua associação com variáveis perinatais, socioeconômicas e demográficas. MÉTODOS: Os participantes foram jovens com idade média de 23 anos, acompanhados em estudo de coorte desde o seu nascimento, em 1982, em Pelotas (RS) e entrevistados em 2004-5. Foram considerados elegíveis os jovens que referiram ter tido um ou mais filhos, nascidos vivos ou mortos. Dois questionários foram aplicados para coletar informações sobre saúde reprodutiva, dados socioeconômicos e demográficos. As variáveis independentes foram sexo e cor da pele, renda familiar em 1982 e 2004-5, mudança de renda, peso ao nascer do jovem e escolaridade aos 23 anos. Análises brutas e ajustadas foram realizadas por meio de regressão de Poisson para investigar os efeitos das variáveis independentes sobre a maternidade/paternidade na adolescência. RESULTADOS: De 4.297 jovens entrevistados, 1.373 (32%) eram mães ou pais, dos quais 842 (19,6%) haviam experimentado a maternidade/paternidade na adolescência. O planejamento da gravidez do primeiro filho mostrou relação direta com a idade do jovem. Relação inversa foi observada entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e a ocorrência de maternidade/paternidade na adolescência. A probabilidade de ser mãe na adolescência foi maior entre as mulheres pretas ou pardas, mas a cor da pele não esteve associada com a paternidade na adolescência. CONCLUSÕES: Houve forte relação entre a maternidade/paternidade na adolescência e condições socioeconômicas, a qual deve ser considerada no delineamento de ações preventivas no campo da saúde pública

До 75-річчя Анни Станіславівни Русяєвої

Цієї зими, 1 лютого 2012 р., виповнилося 75 років від дня народження Анни Станіславівни Русяєвої — визначного вітчизняного антикознавця, відомого вченого-археолога з більш як півстолітнім стажем, провідної дослідниці античних старожитностей Північного Причорномор’я, доктора історичних наук, професора, члена Міжнародної асоціації грецької та латинської епіграфіки, лауреата Всеукраїнської премії ім. М.І. Костомарова (1995), лауреата Державної премії України в галузі науки і техніки (2002), автора більше ніж 250 наукових праць (зокрема 18 книжок) і учасника таких відомих фундаментальних видань, як «Археология Украинской ССР» (1986), «Давня історія України» (1998), «Історія української культури» (2001)

The closure of the Rocas Verdes Basin and early tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Magallanes Fold-and-Thrust Belt, southern Patagonian Andes (52–54°S)

The hinterland Western Domain of the Magallanes Fold-and-Thrust Belt (MFTB) between 52°-54°S is part of a poorly studied region of the southernmost Andean Cordillera. This domain consists of NNW-SSE trending tectonic slices of pre-Jurassic basement units and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous ophiolitic complexes and volcano-sedimentary successions of the Rocas Verdes Basin (RVB). New detrital zircon UPb ages of metatuffs and metapsammopelites constrain episodes of Late Jurassic rift-related volcanism (ca. 160 Ma) followed by Early Cretaceous sedimentation (ca. 125 Ma) during the opening of the RVB. Shear bands developed in the RVB units further record the initial phases of the Andean Orogeny. The 30-km wide thrust stack located on top of the Eastern Tobífera Thrust consists of mylonitic metatuffs, metapelites and metabasalts with a NE-verging brittle-ductile S1* foliation. Phengite-bearing metatuffs commonly record pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions between ~3–6 kbar and ~ 210–460 °C, consistent with underthrusting of the RVB beneath the parautochthonous magmatic arc in the west. Peak metamorphic conditions of ~6 kbar and 460 °C are derived from a metapsammopelitic schist with textures of contact metamorphism overprinting early mylonitic structures (at least S1*). A back-arc quartz-diorite, intruded at ca. 83 Na, is in contact with the metapsammopelites and constrain the minimum age of deformation at deep crustal depths. Campanian-Maastrichtian (ca. 70–73 Ma) 40Ar/39Ar phengite dates from a mylonitic metapelite indicate the timing of thrusting and backthrusting during the initial uplift of the underthrusted crustal stack. These findings reveal a ~ 400 km along-strike connection of mylonite belts in a continent-verging thrust structure that became active at the onset of the Andean orogeny during the closure of the Rocas Verdes back-arc marginal basin

Amazon River propagation evidenced by a CO2 decrease at 8 degrees N, 38 degrees W in september 2013

The surface fugacity of CO2 (fCO(2)) has been measured hourly at a mooring at 8 degrees N, 38 degrees W, using a spectrophotometric CO2 sensor, from June to October 2013. In September 2013, the fCO(2) and the sea surface salinity (SSS) decrease significantly. The high precipitation due to the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the propagation of low salinity waters from the Amazon River plume explain the decrease of SSS. Indeed, in fall, the retroflection of the North Brazil Current (NBC) feeds the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) and transports Amazon waters to the eastern part of the tropical Atlantic. Simulations from a three dimensional physical and biogeochemical model and observations at the mooring show that the Amazon plume reached the mooring in September 2013. The decrease of fCO(2) is associated with a moderate peak of chlorophyll. Over the period of the CO2 observations, the site is a source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 0.65 +/- 0.47 mmol m(-2) day(-1). Although the wind speed is at its lowest intensity in September 2013, the flux over the whole period would be about 14% higher without this month. Every month of September from 2006 to 2017, the model simulates a decrease of dissolved inorganic carbon corresponding to the SSS minimum

Practical aspects of meteorology and oceanography for mariners: A guide for the perplexed

This paper aims to review and summarize the practical aspects of meteorology and oceanography for navigation, highlighting their influence on shiphandling. It is a review for: gathering, in a summarized way, some useful information for mariners, oceanographers, coastal managers, maritime students and maritime engineers; raising important topics for discussion about the theme; and identifying shortcomings that need more research. Aspects of navigation in Brazilian waters, specifically METÁREA V, are introduced as an example, bringing to light, when applicable, the practical aspects for shallow and restricted waters navigation. The parameters analysed were: clouds, rain, smog, fog, breeze, winds, waves, tides, and coastal and tidal currents. The passage of cold fronts can change winds direction. Also, local winds can overlap the effects of breezes, depending on its intensity. Dense fog, that can reduce visibility to less than 100 m, and rain, which according to its intensity, can reduce visibility to less than 500 m, are examples of some parameters that were checked and are able to reduce visibility when navigating. In addition, were reviewed the concepts of occurrence of rain and squall, and of frontal systems and the expected changes in local weather, pressure and air temperature with their approach. The importance of waves, tides and currents is also verified, especially for shallow and restricted waters navigation. Finally, the authors conclude that the analyses and comprehension of theses parameters are crucial for an efficient and safe navigation, and suggest shortcomings that need more research

Zooplankton From a Reef System Under the Influence of the Amazon River Plume

At the mouth of the Amazon River, a widespread carbonate ecosystem exists below the river plume, generating a hard-bottom reef (∼9500 km2) that includes mainly large sponges but also rhodolith beds. The mesozooplankton associated with the pelagic realm over the reef formation was characterized, considering the estuarine plume and oceanic influence. Vertical hauls were carried out using a standard plankton net with 200 μm mesh size during September 2014. An indicator index was applied to express species importance as ecological indicators in community. Information on functional traits was gathered for the most abundant copepod species. Overall, 179 zooplankton taxa were recorded. Copepods were the richest (92 species), most diverse and most abundant group, whereas meroplankton were rare and less abundant. Species diversity (>3.0 bits.ind-1) and evenness (>0.6) were high, indicating a complex community. Small holoplanktonic species dominated the zooplankton, and the total density varied from 107.98 ind. m-3 over the reef area to 2,609.24 ind. m-3 in the estuarine plume, with a significant difference between coastal and oceanic areas. The most abundant copepods were the coastal species ithona plumifera and Clausocalanus furcatus and early stages copepodites of Paracalanidae. The holoplanktonic Oikopleura, an important producer of mucous houses, was very abundant on the reefs. The indicator species index revealed three groups: (1) indicative of coastal waters under the influence of the estuarine plume [Euterpina acutifrons, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Oikopleura (Vexillaria) dioica and Hydromedusae]; (2) characterized coastal and oceanic conditions (Clausocalanus); (3) characterized the reef system (O. plumifera). Two major copepods functional groups were identified and sorted according to their trophic strategy and coastal-oceanic distribution. The species that dominated the coastal area and the area over the rhodolith beds are indicators of the estuarine plume and are mixed with species of the North Brazil Current. These species practically disappear offshore, where occur oceanic species commonly found in other oligotrophic tropical areas. This ecosystem shows a mixture of estuarine, coastal and oceanic communities coexisting in the waters over the Amazon reefs, with no significant differences among these areas. However, the MDS clearly separated the communities along the salinity gradient in the plume