1,695 research outputs found
Extending canonical Monte Carlo methods II
Previously, we have presented a methodology to extend canonical Monte Carlo
methods inspired on a suitable extension of the canonical fluctuation relation
compatible with negative heat capacities .
Now, we improve this methodology by introducing a better treatment of finite
size effects affecting the precision of a direct determination of the
microcanonical caloric curve , as well as
a better implementation of MC schemes. We shall show that despite the
modifications considered, the extended canonical MC methods possibility an
impressive overcome of the so-called \textit{super-critical slowing down}
observed close to the region of a temperature driven first-order phase
transition. In this case, the dependence of the decorrelation time with
the system size is reduced from an exponential growth to a weak power-law
behavior , which is shown in the particular case of
the 2D seven-state Potts model where the exponent .Comment: Version submitted to JSTA
Equilibrium fluctuation theorems compatible with anomalous response
Previously, we have derived a generalization of the canonical fluctuation
relation between heat capacity and energy fluctuations , which is able to describe the existence of macrostates with negative
heat capacities . In this work, we extend our previous results for an
equilibrium situation with several control parameters to account for the
existence of states with anomalous values in other response functions. Our
analysis leads to the derivation of three different equilibrium fluctuation
theorems: the \textit{fundamental and the complementary fluctuation theorems},
which represent the generalization of two fluctuation identities already
obtained in previous works, and the \textit{associated fluctuation theorem}, a
result that has no counterpart in the framework of Boltzmann-Gibbs
distributions. These results are applied to study the anomalous susceptibility
of a ferromagnetic system, in particular, the case of 2D Ising model.Comment: Extended version of the paper published in JSTA
Geometrical aspects and connections of the energy-temperature fluctuation relation
Recently, we have derived a generalization of the known canonical fluctuation
relation between heat capacity and
energy fluctuations, which can account for the existence of macrostates with
negative heat capacities . In this work, we presented a panoramic overview
of direct implications and connections of this fluctuation theorem with other
developments of statistical mechanics, such as the extension of canonical Monte
Carlo methods, the geometric formulations of fluctuation theory and the
relevance of a geometric extension of the Gibbs canonical ensemble that has
been recently proposed in the literature.Comment: Version accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math and The
Asymmetric supernova remnants generated by Galactic, massive runaway stars
After the death of a runaway massive star, its supernova shock wave interacts
with the bow shocks produced by its defunct progenitor, and may lose energy,
momentum, and its spherical symmetry before expanding into the local
interstellar medium (ISM). We investigate whether the initial mass and space
velocity of these progenitors can be associated with asymmetric supernova
remnants. We run hydrodynamical models of supernovae exploding in the
pre-shaped medium of moving Galactic core-collapse progenitors. We find that
bow shocks that accumulate more than about 1.5 Mo generate asymmetric remnants.
The shock wave first collides with these bow shocks 160-750 yr after the
supernova, and the collision lasts until 830-4900 yr. The shock wave is then
located 1.35-5 pc from the center of the explosion, and it expands freely into
the ISM, whereas in the opposite direction it is channelled into the region of
undisturbed wind material. This applies to an initially 20 Mo progenitor moving
with velocity 20 km/s and to our initially 40 Mo progenitor. These remnants
generate mixing of ISM gas, stellar wind and supernova ejecta that is
particularly important upstream from the center of the explosion. Their
lightcurves are dominated by emission from optically-thin cooling and by X-ray
emission of the shocked ISM gas. We find that these remnants are likely to be
observed in the [OIII] lambda 5007 spectral line emission or in the soft
energy-band of X-rays. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of
observed Galactic supernova remnants such as 3C391 and the Cygnus Loop.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figure
Thermodynamic fluctuation relation for temperature and energy
The present work extends the well-known thermodynamic relation for the canonical ensemble. We start from the general
situation of the thermodynamic equilibrium between a large but finite system of
interest and a generalized thermostat, which we define in the course of the
paper. The resulting identity can account for thermodynamic states
with a negative heat capacity ; at the same time, it represents a
thermodynamic fluctuation relation that imposes some restrictions on the
determination of the microcanonical caloric curve . Finally, we comment briefly on the implications of the present
result for the development of new Monte Carlo methods and an apparent analogy
with quantum mechanics.Comment: Version accepted for publication in J. Phys. A: Math and The
Cosmic Ray Acceleration at the Forward Shock in Tycho's Supernova Remnant: Evidence from Chandra X-ray Observations
We present evidence for cosmic ray acceleration at the forward shock in
Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) from three X-ray observables: (1) the proximity
of the contact discontinuity to the forward shock, or blast wave, (2) the
morphology of the emission from the rim of Tycho, and (3) the spectral nature
of the rim emission. We determine the locations of the blast wave (BW), contact
discontinuity (CD), and reverse shock (RS) around the rim of Tycho's supernova
remnant using a principal component analysis and other methods applied to new
Chandra data. The azimuthal-angle-averaged radius of the BW is 251". For the CD
and RS we find average radii of 241" and 183", respectively. Taking account of
projection effects, we find ratios of 1:0.93:0.70 (BW:CD:RS). We show these
values to be inconsistent with adiabatic hydrodynamical models of SNR
evolution. The CD:BW ratio can be explained if cosmic ray acceleration of ions
is occurring at the forward shock. The RS:BW ratio, as well as the strong Fe Ka
emission from the Tycho ejecta, imply that the RS is not accelerating cosmic
rays. We also extract radial profiles from ~34% of the rim of Tycho and compare
them to models of surface brightness profiles behind the BW for a purely
thermal plasma with an adiabatic shock. The observed morphology of the rim is
much more strongly peaked than predicted by the model, indicating that such
thermal emission is implausible here. Spectral analysis also implies that the
rim emission is non-thermal in nature, lending further support to the idea that
Tycho's forward shock is accelerating cosmic rays.Comment: 39 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Ap
On the plerionic rectangular supernova remnants of static progenitors
Pulsar wind nebulae are a possible final stage of the circumstellar evolution
of massive stars, where a fast rotating, magnetised neutron star produces a
powerful wind that interacts with the supernova ejecta. The shape of these so
called plerionic supernova remnants is influenced by the distribution of
circumstellar matter at the time of the explosion, itself impacted by the
magnetic field of the ambient medium responsible for the expansion of the
circumstellar bubble of the progenitor star. To understand the effects of
magnetization on the circumstellar medium and resulting pulsar nebulae, we
conduct 2D magnetohydrodynamical simulations. Our models explore the impact of
the interstellar medium magnetic field on the morphology of a supernova remnant
and pulsar wind nebula that develop in the circumstellar medium of massive star
progenitor in the warm phase of the Milky Ways interstellar medium. Our
simulations reveal that the jet like structures formed on both sides
perpendicularly to the equatorial plane of the pulsar, creating complex radio
synthetic synchrotron emissions. This morphology is characterized by a
rectangular like remnant, which is typical of the circumstellar medium of
massive stars in a magnetized medium, along with the appearance of a spinning
top structure within the projected rectangle. We suggest that this mechanism
may be partially responsible for the complex morphologies observed in pulsar
wind nebulae that do not conform to the typical torus, jet or bow shock, tail
shapes observed in most cases.Comment: Accepted at MNRA
Effect of chloride passivation on recombination dynamics in CdTe colloidal quantum dots
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) can be used in conjunction with organic chargeâtransporting layers to produce lightâemitting diodes, solar cells and other devices. The efficacy of CQDs in these applications is reduced by the nonâradiative recombination associated with surface traps. Here we investigate the effect on the recombination dynamics in CdTe CQDs of the passivation of these surface traps by chloride ions. Radiative recombination dominates in these passivated CQDs, with the radiative lifetime scaling linearly with CQD volume over Ïr=20â55 ns. Before chloride passivation or after exposure to air, two nonâradiative components are also observed in the recombination transients, with sampleâdependent lifetimes typically of less than 1 ns and a few ns. The nonâradiative dynamics can be explained by Augerâmediated trapping of holes and the lifetimes of this process calculated by an atomistic model are in agreement with experimental values if assuming surface oxidation of the CQDs
Structure-function mapping of a heptameric module in the nuclear pore complex.
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a multiprotein assembly that serves as the sole mediator of nucleocytoplasmic exchange in eukaryotic cells. In this paper, we use an integrative approach to determine the structure of an essential component of the yeast NPC, the ~600-kD heptameric Nup84 complex, to a precision of ~1.5 nm. The configuration of the subunit structures was determined by satisfaction of spatial restraints derived from a diverse set of negative-stain electron microscopy and protein domain-mapping data. Phenotypic data were mapped onto the complex, allowing us to identify regions that stabilize the NPC's interaction with the nuclear envelope membrane and connect the complex to the rest of the NPC. Our data allow us to suggest how the Nup84 complex is assembled into the NPC and propose a scenario for the evolution of the Nup84 complex through a series of gene duplication and loss events. This work demonstrates that integrative approaches based on low-resolution data of sufficient quality can generate functionally informative structures at intermediate resolution
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