Déficit proprioceptivo em indivíduos com ruptura unilateral do ligamento cruzado anterior após a avaliação ativa do senso de posição articular

ResumoObjetivoVerificar se o déficit proprioceptivo no SPA permanece quando pacientes com um membro LCA deficiente são avaliados por meio do teste de reprodução ativa da posição articular, em comparação com o membro contralateral.MétodosParticiparam do estudo 20 pacientes com ruptura unilateral do LCA. Foi feito o teste de reprodução ativa da posição articular no membro LCA deficiente e contralateral saudável. Foram usadas as posições meta de 20% e 50% da amplitude articular máxima. O desempenho proprioceptivo foi determinado por meio dos valores de erro absoluto (EA), erro variável (EV) e erro constante (EC).ResultadosDiferenças significativas foram encontradas para o EA em ambas as posições avaliadas e para o EC em 50% AAM.ConclusãoO déficit proprioceptivo quando avaliado pelo EA permanece mesmo quando a avaliação do senso de posição articular é ativa e, consequentemente, envolve a atividade de receptores intramusculares e tendíneos.AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain whether the proprioceptive deficit in the sense of joint position continues to be present when patients with a limb presenting a deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are assessed by testing their active reproduction of joint position, in comparison with the contralateral limb.MethodsTwenty patients with unilateral ACL tearing participated in the study. Their active reproduction of joint position in the limb with the deficient ACL and in the healthy contralateral limb was tested. Meta‐positions of 20% and 50% of the maximum joint range of motion were used. Proprioceptive performance was determined through the values of the absolute error, variable error and constant error.ResultsSignificant differences in absolute error were found at both of the positions evaluated, and in constant error at 50% of the maximum joint range of motion.ConclusionWhen evaluated in terms of absolute error, the proprioceptive deficit continues to be present even when an active evaluation of the sense of joint position is made. Consequently, this sense involves activity of both intramuscular and tendon receptors

A CONTRADIÇÃO DA FABRICAÇÃO DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE DA NOÇÃO DE APRENDIZAGEM DA FABRICAÇÃO DIGITAL NO ÂMBITO EDUCACIONAL

This paper presents discussions resulting from a study aimed at analyzing the integration of Digital Fabrication (DF) in the context of Education. DF refers to processes that use computers connected to manufacturing machines to build physical objects. DF practices are also linked to the principles of the Maker Movement. To achieve the proposed objective, a bibliographic research methodology was used to gather the set that comprises the empirical material of this study. The analytical exercise presented in this article was based on 11 bibliographic sources, consisting of scientific productions on the topic with a focus on the notion of learning presented by DF. The analysis undertaken allowed us to identify a contradiction between DF and the Maker Movement: while the learningadvocated by the Maker Movement advocates for individuals to exercise their creativity in project development, some DF practices do not stimulate creativity. As a result, the creative work of individuals is minimized, and learning may not occur in that sense.Este artículo presenta discusiones resultantes de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar la inserción de la Fabricación Digital (FD) en el ámbito de la Educación. La FD se refiere a procesos que utilizan computadoras conectadas a máquinas de fabricación para construir objetos físicos. Las prácticas de la FD también están vinculadas a los principios del Movimiento Maker. Para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto, se utilizó la metodología de investigación bibliográfica para recopilar el conjunto que compone el material empírico de esta investigación. El ejercicio de análisis presentado en este artículo se basó en 11 fuentes bibliográficas, constituidas por producciones científicas sobre el tema con un enfoque en la noción de aprendizaje presentada por la FD. El análisis emprendido nos permitió identificar una contradicción entre la FD y el Movimiento Maker: mientras que el aprendizaje defendido por el Movimiento Maker aboga por que los individuos ejerzan su creatividad en el desarrollo de proyectos, algunas prácticas de la FD no estimulan su creación. Como resultado, se minimiza el trabajo creativo de los individuos y la aprendizaje puede no ocurrir en ese sentido.Este artigo apresenta discussões resultantes de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar a inserção da Fabricação Digital (FD) no âmbito da Educação. A FD refere-se aos processos que utilizam computadores conectados a máquinas de fabricação para construir objetos físicos. As práticas de FD também estão vinculadas aos princípios do Movimento Maker. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento do conjunto que compõe o material empírico desta pesquisa. O exercício de análise apresentado neste artigo se deu a partir de 11 fontes bibliográficas, constituídas por produções científicas sobre o tema com enfoque sobre a noção de aprendizagem apresentada pela FD. A analítica empreendida nos permitiu identificar uma contradição entre a FD e o Movimento Maker: ao passo que a aprendizagem defendida pelo Movimento Maker preconiza que os sujeitos exerçam a sua criatividade no desenvolvimento de projetos, algumas práticas de FD não estimulam a sua criação. Com isso, o trabalho criativo dos indivíduos é minimizado, e a aprendizagem pode, nesse sentido, não ocorrer

Proprioceptive deficit in individuals with unilateral tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament after active evaluation of the sense of joint position

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain whether the proprioceptive deficit in the sense of joint position continues to be present when patients with a limb presenting a deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are assessed by testing their active reproduction of joint position, in comparison with the contralateral limb.MethodsTwenty patients with unilateral ACL tearing participated in the study. Their active reproduction of joint position in the limb with the deficient ACL and in the healthy contralateral limb was tested. Meta-positions of 20% and 50% of the maximum joint range of motion were used. Proprioceptive performance was determined through the values of the absolute error, variable error and constant error.ResultsSignificant differences in absolute error were found at both of the positions evaluated, and in constant error at 50% of the maximum joint range of motion.ConclusionWhen evaluated in terms of absolute error, the proprioceptive deficit continues to be present even when an active evaluation of the sense of joint position is made. Consequently, this sense involves activity of both intramuscular and tendon receptors

Papel do córtex parietal posterior na realização de uma tarefa sensório-motora

This study aimed to elucidate electrophysiological and cortical mechanisms involved in anticipatory actions when individuals had to catch balls in free drop; specifically through quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) alpha absolute power changes. The sample was composed for 23 health subjects, both sexes, with ages varying between 25 and 40 years, absence of mental and physical illness, right handed and don't make use of any psychoactive or psychotropic substance at the time of the study. The experiment consisted of a task of catching balls in free drop. The three-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated an interaction between moment and position factors in left parietal posterior cortex (PPC) (p=0.001). Through the experimental task employed, this area demonstrated a differentiated activity involving expectation, planning and preparedness in the ball's drop task.O estudo tentou elucidar mecanismos eletrofisiológicos e corticais envolvidos em ações antecipatórias quando os sujeitos testados tiveram que apreender bolas em queda livre; especificamente através de mudanças na potência absoluta na banda alfa da eletrencefalografia quantitativa (EEGq). A amostra foi composta por 23 sujeitos sadios, ambos os sexos, idade entre variando entre 25 e 40 anos, sem comprometimento físico e mental, destros, e não fazer uso de nenhuma substância psicoativa ou psicotrópicos até o momento do estudo. O experimento consistiu de uma tarefa de apreensão de bolas em queda livre. A análise three-way ANOVA demonstrou uma interação entre os fatores momento e posição no córtex parietal posterior (CPP) esquerdo (p=0,001). Através da tarefa experimental empregada, esta área demonstrou uma atividade diferenciada envolvendo expectativa, planejamento e prontidão na tarefa de queda de bolas

Electrophysiological Correlates of Long-Term Soto Zen Meditation

This study aimed to verify the electrophysiological correlates of the changes in long-term regular meditators. We use modern techniques of high-resolution electroencephalography applied to slow potentials, power spectra, and potencies related to the events. To obtain encephalographic records, we use an assembly of 128 channels in 31 subjects (17 Soto Zen Buddhist meditators). The motivation of this study was to determine whether the induced beta power would present an increase in meditators as well as a decrease in induced theta/beta ratio in absolute and relative values. However, opposite to what we expected, no significant change was found in the beta frequency. In contrast, the main findings of the study were correlations between the frequency of weekly meditation practice and the increased theta induced relative power, increase of induced power ratio (ratio theta/beta), and increase of the ratio of induced relative powers (theta/beta ratio) during our task that featured an "adapted meditation, " suggesting that the meditative state of "mindfulness" is much more related to the permittivity of "distractions" by the meditators, with a deliberate reduction of attention

Functional coupling of sensorimotor and associative areas during a catching ball task: a qEEG coherence study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Catching an object is a complex movement that involves not only programming but also effective motor coordination. Such behavior is related to the activation and recruitment of cortical regions that participates in the sensorimotor integration process. This study aimed to elucidate the cortical mechanisms involved in anticipatory actions when performing a task of catching an object in free fall.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) was recorded using a 20-channel EEG system in 20 healthy right-handed participants performed the catching ball task. We used the EEG coherence analysis to investigate subdivisions of alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (12-30 Hz) bands, which are related to cognitive processing and sensory-motor integration.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Notwithstanding, we found the main effects for the factor block; for alpha-1, coherence decreased from the first to sixth block, and the opposite effect occurred for alpha-2 and beta-2, with coherence increasing along the blocks.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It was concluded that to perform successfully our task, which involved anticipatory processes (i.e. feedback mechanisms), subjects exhibited a great involvement of sensory-motor and associative areas, possibly due to organization of information to process visuospatial parameters and further catch the falling object.</p

Hand immobilization causes changes in cortical areas: qEEG alpha band absolute power study

Hand immobilization has been associated with changes in neural networks of primary somatosensory cortex and primary motor areas. Electrophysiologically, alpha band absolute power may indicate how cerebral cortex processes information. This study aimed to analyze changes in alpha band absolute power on frontal, central, parietal and occipital derivations when hand-movement of subjects was restricted for 48 hours. Fifteen healthy volunteers (20 to 30 years old), were recorded using electroencephalography (qEEG), while exposition to visual stimulus linked to a motor task before and after hand immobilization. Statistical analysis revealed that hand immobilization caused changes in frontal, central and parietal areas of cerebral cortex. In summary, after hand immobilization alpha band absolute power increased in these areas, revealing a lower activation. Contrarily, at C4 there was a decreased alpha band absolute power correlated to more activation. These findings can be due adaptive plasticity to supply less activation at C3, considering the inactivity of right hand due to the immobilization. Further studies are needed to better understand the complex processes involved in this type of task

Postural control modulation during motor imagery tasks: A systematic review

The motor imagery (MI) has two strategies (kinesthetic and visual) and can be defined as an act to codify the mental rehearsal of an intended action, without executing it. Studying the execution of the movement, several researchers believe that the deep muscles of the trunk are activated before the agonist of the limbs, showing a motor neurophysiologic recruitment order.This behavior can be also seen during MI tasks as the postural control, because the postural control is inserted in the movement context. The aim was to investigate, by a systematic review, evidences of MI and the postural control on healthy subjects. The selected articles were searched on different databases, dated from 1985 to 2014.Twelve studies were selected regarding the MI and the postural control on healthy subjects. All articles using balance scale or those which were about clinical conditions were excluded. Data show that kinesthetic MI with high levels of vividness promotes major changes in the body oscillations when comparing with the visual MI. To date, the number of articles about this theme is limited and the results should be interpreted cautiousl