Thermal behavior of three prototypes in Saltillo, Cohuila (with earth blocks, concrete and egg cap)

El cambio climático se ha ido agravando en el siglo XX, genera modificaciones estacionales a nivel global en el hábitat, se observan variaciones importantes en los factores climáticos, aumentando las temperaturas en las ciudades. En México el acondicionamiento térmico de las viviendas repercute en gran medida sobre la demanda de electricidad, siendo mayor en las zonas norte y costeras del país, el rol de la envolvente es mantener un equilibrio entre el exterior y el interior, refiriéndose a las ganancias o pérdidas de calor, que se logran a través de su transferencia producto de las variaciones de la temperatura. El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar el comportamiento térmico de tres módulos ubicados en Saltillo, Coahuila; construidos de tres distintos materiales: uno experimental y dos de uso común en las viviendas de Saltillo, la metodología es de enfoque cuantitativo, se realizaron mediciones del 2018 al 2019, los resultados muestran que el material experimental con respecto a los otros materiales comerciales no tienen diferencias relevantes en los meses más críticos que son enero y mayo, apenas 1 o 2 grados, por lo que es pertinente seguir experimentando y complementar con un sistema pasivo, como un pozo canadiense, con la meta de mejorar el confort en el hábitat construido.Climate change has been worsening in the 20th century, causing seasonal changes in the habitat at a global level. Significant variations in climate factors are seen, increasing temperatures in cities. In Mexico, thermal conditioning of houses has a major impact on the electricity demand, which is greater in the northern and coastal areas of the country. The role of the envelope, when referring to heat gains or losses that are achieved by their temperature variation transfer, is to maintain a balance between the outside and the inside. The goal of this work was to compare the thermal behavior of three modules located in Saltillo, Coahuila; built using three different materials, one experimental and two commonly used in Saltillo homes. The methodology has a quantitative focus and measurements were made from 2018 to 2019. The results show that there are no relevant differences between the experimental material and other commercial materials in the most critical months, January and May, with just 1 or 2 degrees. Thus, it is relevant to continue experimenting and complementing with a passive system, like a Canadian well, with the goal of improving comfort in the built habitat

75 años como referente de la investigación agraria y medioambiental española en condiciones de clima mediterráneo [Sitio Web]

1 .pdf con imagen de acceso al “website”, su url y los créditos relacionados con su creación y diseño.-- Créditos: Organización, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD-CSIC); Dirección, Jesús Val Falcón; Coordinación, Ana Álvarez-Fernandez, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Ernesto Igartua; Contenido, Anunciación Abadía, Javier Abadía, Carlos Albiñana, Miguel Alfonso, Arancha Arbeloa, Raúl Arbués, Isabel Armillas, Manuel Becana, Santiago Beguería, Carmen Castañeda, Ana Castillo, José Cavero, Bruno Contreras, Azahara Díaz, Edgar García, Elena García, Juan Manuel Gascuñana, Leticia Gaspar, Yolanda Gogorcena, Juan Herrero, Victoria Lafuente, María Victoria López, Juan Antonio Marín, José Martínez, José Carlos Martínez-Giménez, Ana Pilar Mata, Manuel Matamoros, Pierre Mignard, María Ángeles Moreno, Paula Murillo, Ana Navas, Antonio Pérez, Rafael Picorel, María Pilar Vallés, Irene Villar, Inmaculada Yruela, Nery Zapata, Isabel Zarazaga; Diseño y programación: DigitalWorks (Juanjo Ascaso y Asun Dieste); Vídeo, Delegación del CSIC en Aragón (Sara Gutiérrez y Yolanda Hernáiz); Fotografía, Archivo EEAD-CSIC, Anunciación Abadía, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Arancha Arbeloa, Juanjo Ascaso, Santiago Beguería, Elena García, Ernesto Igartua, Ignasi Iglesias, José Manuel Lasa, José Carlos Martínez-Giménez, Pierre Mignard, María Ángeles Moreno, Rubén Sancho, Kosana Suvocarev, María Pilar Vallés, Nery Zapata."Sitio web" de nueva creación y conmemorativo del 75 Aniversario de la EEAD-CSIC que contiene: 1) Foto esférica de su personal en activo; 2) Recopilación de sus hitos históricos más destacados, en orden cronológico; 3) Un vídeo con participación de su personal y muestra de algunas de sus instalaciones; 4) Un mapa con la distribución geográfica de los egresado del Instituto; 5) Algunas fotos, destacando las tomadas a su personal en las celebraciones del 25 y 50 Aniversarios de la EEAD-CSIC.Presentado durante la "Jornada. 75 Aniversario EEAD-CSIC (Zaragoza, Patio de la Infanta. 30 octubre 2019)".Financiación: CSIC, Vicepresidencia Adjunta de Organización y Cultura Científica.N

Search for Spatial Correlations of Neutrinos with Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays

For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data are provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above ∼50 EeV are provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrino clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses have found a significant excess, and previously reported overfluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs

Bloques de tierra comprimida, su retardo térmico e impacto ambiental

Este trabajo es el resultado de la investigación abordando el tema de las propiedades térmicas de los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC), con la intención de corroborar las ventajas de este material de construcción alternativo sobre los materiales convencionales, para demostrar que éstos pueden satisfacer las necesidades de la población en la construcción de sus viviendas dignas, mejorando la calidad de vida del usuario y produciendo un menor impacto ambiental. Las pruebas térmicas realizadas fueron simulando el efecto del sol sobre un muro, registrándose la temperatura durante las pruebas determinándose el retraso térmico en los muros según el material. Es así, que con el resultado de las pruebas se determinó el material óptimo para emplearlo como envolvente de la vivienda. Por otra parte, se presenta el estudio de los btc, estabilizados con hidróxido de calcio, buscando cumplir con las Normas Mexicanas para el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) en la población de btc’s estabilizados con hidróxido de calcio, buscando determinar su impacto ambiental y finalmente poder contrastarlos con las bases de datos existentes de materiales convencionales

Synthesis, NMR studies and theoretical calculations of novel 3-spiro-branched ribofuranoses

Novel spiro-branched sugar derivatives bearing a spiro-5'-(4'-amino-2'-oxazolone) or a spiro-5'-(4'- amino-l',2',3'-oxathiazole-2',2'-dioxide) tings at position-3 of the sugar moiety have been prepared. The synthesis has been achieved by a one-pot procedure from a conveniently protected sugar cyanohydrin derivative by reaction with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or sulfamoyl chloride, respectively. The tautometic preference in solution of these novel 3-spiro sugars are described as derived from NMR spectroscopy. Also a comparative theoretical study, by ab-initio methods, of the steric and electronic properties of the spiro tings present in these sugar derivatives has been performed.We thank Francisco Caballero for editorial assistance. This research was supported in part by grants from the Spanish CICYT (Project SAF97-0048-C02-01 and Project MAT98-0942), the NATO (Collaborative Research Grant no. CRG 920777), and the Biomedical Research Programme of the European Commission (Project ERBMH4CT972161).Peer reviewe

Synthesis, NMR studies and theoretical calculations of novel 3-spiro-branched ribofuranoses

Novel spiro-branched sugar derivatives bearing a spiro-5'-(4'-amino-2'-oxazolone) or a spiro-5'-(4'- amino-l',2',3'-oxathiazole-2',2'-dioxide) tings at position-3 of the sugar moiety have been prepared. The synthesis has been achieved by a one-pot procedure from a conveniently protected sugar cyanohydrin derivative by reaction with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or sulfamoyl chloride, respectively. The tautometic preference in solution of these novel 3-spiro sugars are described as derived from NMR spectroscopy. Also a comparative theoretical study, by ab-initio methods, of the steric and electronic properties of the spiro tings present in these sugar derivatives has been performed.We thank Francisco Caballero for editorial assistance. This research was supported in part by grants from the Spanish CICYT (Project SAF97-0048-C02-01 and Project MAT98-0942), the NATO (Collaborative Research Grant no. CRG 920777), and the Biomedical Research Programme of the European Commission (Project ERBMH4CT972161).Peer reviewe

Differential NtcA Responsiveness to 2-Oxoglutarate Underlies the Diversity of C/N Balance Regulation in Prochlorococcus

Previous studies showed differences in the regulatory response to C/N balance in Prochlorococcus with respect to other cyanobacteria, but no information was available about its causes, or the ecological advantages conferred to thrive in oligotrophic environments. We addressed the changes in key enzymes (glutamine synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase) and the ntcA gene (the global nitrogen regulator) involved in C/N metabolism and its regulation, in three model Prochlorococcus strains: MED4, SS120, and MIT9313. We observed a remarkable level of diversity in their response to azaserine, a glutamate synthase inhibitor which increases the concentration of the key metabolite 2-oxoglutarate, used to sense the C/N balance by cyanobacteria. Besides, we studied the binding between the global nitrogen regulator (NtcA) and the promoter of the glnA gene in the same Prochlorococcus strains, and its dependence on the 2-oxoglutarate concentration, by using isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, and electrophoretic mobility shift. Our results show a reduction in the responsiveness of NtcA to 2-oxoglutarate in Prochlorococcus, especially in the MED4 and SS120 strains. This suggests a trend to streamline the regulation of C/N metabolism in late-branching Prochlorococcus strains (MED4 and SS120), in adaptation to the rather stable conditions found in the oligotrophic ocean gyres where this microorganism is most abundant

Manejo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica. Experiencia de un centro de referencia nacional

Resumen: Introducción: La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar es el tratamiento de elección y potencialmente curativo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica; el tratamiento médico quedaría limitado a los pacientes considerados inoperables. Este estudio evalúa los resultados a largo plazo con ambos tratamientos en una Unidad de Referencia Nacional. Métodos: Desde febrero de 1996 hasta diciembre del 2015 se ha valorado a 292 pacientes, intervenido 142 (grupo 1) y considerado inoperables 116 (grupo 2). El seguimiento finalizó en diciembre del 2016. Resultados: La supervivencia a los 3 años fue del 92% en el grupo 1 y del 86% en el grupo 2, a los 5 años el 91 y el 78%, respectivamente (p = 0,001). En el análisis multivariante la supervivencia en ambos grupos estuvo relacionada con la tromboendarterectomía (HR 0,37; IC del 95% 0,19-0,72; p = 0,003), el antecedente de embolia aguda de pulmón (HR 0,50; IC del 95% 0,27-0,92; p = 0,026), el test de la marcha de 6 min (HR 0,79; IC del 95% 0,73-0,85; p = 0,001), la historia de cáncer (HR 2,57; IC del 95% 1,22-5,43; p = 0,013) y las resistencias vasculares pulmonares (HR 1,19; IC del 95% 1,02-1,39; p = 0,024). En el grupo 1 la supervivencia se relacionó con el test de 6 min (HR 0,84; IC del 95% 0,79-0,96; p = 0,009) y el gasto cardiaco (HR 0,61; IC del 95% 0,39-0,96; p = 0,033); en el grupo 2 únicamente con el test de 6 min (HR 0,81; IC del 95% 0,71-0,92; p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica intervenidos con tromboendarterectomía tienen una supervivencia excelente y significativamente superior a la de los pacientes tratados médicamente. En la presente serie la tromboendarterectomía es el factor predictor de supervivencia más importante. Abstract: Introduction: Although medical treatment can clinically improve inoperable patients, pulmonary endarterectomy surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and is potentially curative. An evaluation was made of the long-term outcomes in medical and surgical populations at a national Unit of Reference. Methods: A total of 292 patients were evaluated from February 1996 until December 2015, of whom 142 were had surgery (group 1) and 116 were considered inoperable (group 2). The follow-up ended in December 2016. Results: Survival rate after 3  3 years was 92% in group 1 and 86% in group 2, and after 5  5 years it was 91% and 78%, respectively (P=.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that survival in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was related to surgery (HR 0.37; 95% CI; 0.19-0.72; P=.003), history of acute pulmonary embolism (HR 0.50; 95% CI; 0.27-0.92; P=.026), distance walked in the six-minute walk test (HR 0.79; 95% CI; 0.73-0.85; P=.001), history of cancer (HR 2.57; 95% CI; 1.22-5.43; P=.013), and pulmonary vascular resistance (HR 1.19; 95% CI; 1.02-1.39; P=.024). In group 1, the variables associated with survival were the six-minute walk test (HR 0.84; 95% CI; 0.79-0.96; P=.009), and the cardiac output (HR 0.61; 95% CI; 0.39-0.96; P=.033), and in group 2, the variable associated was the six-minute walk test (HR 0.81; 95% CI; 0.71-0.92; P=.001). Conclusion: Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who received pulmonary endarterectomy surgery have an excellent survival rate, and significantly superior to that of patients treated medically. In the present series, pulmonary endarterectomy surgery was the most important predictive survival factor. Palabras clave: Hipertensión pulmonar, Embolia pulmonar, Tromboendarterectomía pulmonar, Keywords: Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary thromboendarterectom

Gene Expression Profile of Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Trees in Response to Huanglongbing Disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

Nowadays, Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), seriously affects citriculture worldwide, and no cure is currently available. Transcriptomic analysis of host–pathogen interaction is the first step to understand the molecular landscape of a disease. Previous works have reported the transcriptome profiling in response to HLB in different susceptible citrus species; however, similar studies in tolerant citrus species, including Mexican lime, are limited. In this work, we have obtained an RNA-seq-based differential expression profile of Mexican lime plants challenged against CLas infection, at both asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. Typical HLB-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and phytohormone homeostasis. Enrichment of DEGs associated with biotic response showed that genes related to cell wall, secondary metabolism, transcription factors, signaling, and redox reactions could play a role in the tolerance of Mexican lime against CLas infection. Interestingly, despite some concordance observed between transcriptional responses of different tolerant citrus species, a subset of DEGs appeared to be species-specific. Our data highlights the importance of studying the host response during HLB disease using as model tolerant citrus species, in order to design new and opportune diagnostic and management methods