17 research outputs found
High Risk Population Isolate Reveals Low Frequency Variants Predisposing to Intracranial Aneurysms
Peer reviewe
Analogi insulina
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ - ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠΎ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3-4 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π‘Π 2 ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠΎ, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡ; ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘Π 2 ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π 1 ΠΈ 2 ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ - ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ B28 ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΠ»ΠΈ Π21, Apr Π31, Apr Π32) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ. ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
Influence of heat on insulin absorption: Different effects on amorphous and soluble insulins
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Improved mealtime treatment of diabetes mellitus using an insulin analogue
The absorption of regular human insulin from subcutaneous injection sites is delayed due to the self-association of insulin to multimeric forms. The insulin analogue insulin lispro has a weak self-association and a fast absorption rate. We examined the safety and efficacy of insulin lispro in the premeal treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. A 12-month study was performed in 336 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 295 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The patients were randomized to inject either regular human insulin 30 to 45 minutes before eating, or insulin lispro immediately before each meal, in addition to basal insulin. The postprandial rise in serum glucose was lower in patients receiving insulin lispro than in those receiving regular human insulin therapy. At end point, the increment was significantly lower at 1 hour (35%) and at 2 hours (64%) after the meal in IDDM patients; in NIDDM patients, the increment was nonsignificantly lower at 1 hour (19%) and significantly lower at 2 hours (48%). IDDM patients receiving insulin lispro achieved significantly lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA
1c) levels in patients receiving regular human insulin (8.1% vs 8.3%. In NIDDM patients, HbA
1c levels decreased equally in both treatment groups. Due to its fast absorption rate, insulin lispro improves postprandial control in diabetes. Insulin lispro can be considered one step toward optimal insulin therapy and improved patient convenience
Sodium nitroprusside increases human skeletal muscle blood flow, but does not change flow distribution or glucose uptake
The role of blood flow as a determinant of skeletal muscle glucose uptake is at present controversial and results of previous studies are confounded by possible direct effects of vasoactive agents on glucose uptake. Since increase in muscle blood flow can be due to increased flow velocity or recruitment of new capillaries, or both, it would be ideal to determine whether the vasoactive agent affects flow distribution or only increases the mean flow.In the present study blood flow, flow distribution and glucose uptake were measured simultaneously in both legs of 10 healthy men (aged 29 Β± 1 years, body mass index 24 Β± 1 kg mβ2) using positron emission tomography (PET) combined with [15O]H2O and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). The role of blood flow in muscle glucose uptake was studied by increasing blood flow in one leg with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and measuring glucose uptake simultaneously in both legs during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia (insulin infusion 6 pmol kgβ1 minβ1).SNP infusion increased skeletal muscle blood flow by 86 % (P < 0Β·01), but skeletal muscle flow distribution and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (61Β·4 Β± 7Β·5 vs. 67Β·0 Β± 7Β·5 ΞΌmol kgβ1 minβ1, control vs. SNP infused leg, not significant), as well as flow distribution between different tissues of the femoral region, remained unchanged. The effect of SNP infusion on blood flow and distribution were unchanged during infusion of physiological levels of insulin (duration, 150 min).Despite a significant increase in mean blood flow induced by an intra-arterial infusion of SNP, glucose uptake and flow distribution remained unchanged in resting muscles of healthy subjects. These findings suggest that SNP, an endothelium-independent vasodilator, increases non-nutritive, but not nutritive flow or capillary recruitment
Insulin action on heart and skeletal muscle glucose uptake in essential hypertension.
Essential hypertension is characterized by skeletal muscle insulin resistance but it is unknown whether insulin resistance also affects heart glucose uptake. We quantitated whole body (euglycemic insulin clamp) and heart and skeletal muscle (positron emission tomography and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose) glucose uptake rates in 10 mild essential hypertensive (age 33 +/- 1 yr, body mass index 23.7 +/- 0.8 kg/m2, blood pressure 146 +/- 3/97 +/- 3 mmHg, VO2max 37 +/- 3 ml/kg per min) and 14 normal subjects (29 +/- 2 yr, 22.5 +/- 0.5 kg/m2, 118 +/- 4/69 +/- 3 mmHg, 43 +/- 2 ml/kg per min). Left ventricular mass was similar in the hypertensive (155 +/- 15 g) and the normotensive (164 +/- 13 g) subjects. In the hypertensives, both whole body (28 +/- 3 vs 44 +/- 3 mumol/kg per min, P < 0.01) and femoral (64 +/- 11 vs 94 +/- 8 mumol/kg muscle per min, P < 0.05) glucose uptake rates were decreased compared to the controls. In contrast, heart glucose uptake was 33% increased in the hypertensives (939 +/- 51 vs 707 +/- 46 mumol/kg muscle per min, P < 0.005), and correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and the minute work index (r = 0.48, P < 0.05). We conclude that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is decreased in skeletal muscle but increased in proportion to cardiac work in essential hypertension. The increase in heart glucose uptake in mild essential hypertensives with a normal left ventricular mass may reflect increased oxygen consumption and represent an early signal which precedes the development of left ventricular hypertrophy