Índice de massa corporal para predizer hiperglicemia e alterações lipídicas em adolescentes brasileiros

OBJECTIVE: To determine the best cut-offs of body mass index for identifying alterations of blood lipids and glucose in adolescents. METHODS: A probabilistic sample including 577 adolescent students aged 12-19 years in 2003 (210 males and 367 females) from state public schools in the city of Niterói, Southeastern Brazil, was studied. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to identify the best age-adjusted BMI cut-off for predicting high levels of serum total cholesterol (&gt;150mg/dL), LDL-C (&gt;100mg/dL), serum triglycerides (&gt;100mg/dL), plasma glucose (&gt;100mg/dL) and low levels of HDL-C (< 45mg/dL). Four references were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of BMI cut-offs: one Brazilian, one international and two American. RESULTS: The most prevalent metabolic alterations (&gt;50%) were: high total cholesterol and low HDL-C. BMI predicted high levels of triglycerides in males, high LDL-C in females, and high total cholesterol and the occurrence of three or more metabolic alterations in both males and females (areas under the curve range: 0.59 to 0.67), with low sensitivity (57%-66%) and low specificity (58%-66%). The best BMI cut-offs for this sample (20.3 kg/m² to 21.0 kg/m²) were lower than those proposed in the references studied. CONCLUSIONS: Although BMI values lower than the International cut-offs were better predictor of some metabolic abnormalities in Brazilian adolescents, overall BMI is not a good predictor of these abnormalities in this population.OBJETIVO: Determinar los mejores puntos de corte del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para identificar alteraciones en el perfil lipémico y glicérico en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Fueron evaluados 577 adolescentes de 12 a 19 años (210 niños y 367 niñas) en una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de escuelas estaduales de la ciudad de Niteroi, Sureste de Brasil, en 2003. Fue utilizada una curva Receiver Operating Characteristic para identificar el mejor punto de corte, ajustado a la edad, para predecir valores elevados de colesterol total sérico (=150mg/dL), LDL-C (=100mg/dL), triglicéridos (=100mg/dL), glicosis plasmática (&gt;100mg/dL) y bajos valores de HDL-C (OBJETIVO: Determinar os melhores pontos de corte do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para identificar alterações no perfil lipêmico e glicêmico em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 577 adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos (210 meninos e 367 meninas) em uma amostra probabilística de estudantes de escolas estaduais da cidade de Niterói (RJ), em 2003. Foi utilizada a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic para identificar o melhor ponto de corte, ajustado para idade, para predizer valores elevados de colesterol total sérico (&gt;150mg/dL), LDL-C (&gt;100mg/dL), triglicérides (&gt;100mg/dL), glicose plasmática (&gt;100mg/dL) e baixos valores de HDL-C

Stability and bidirectional relationship between physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Brazilian adolescents: Longitudinal findings from a school cohort study.

PURPOSE:We investigated the stability, correlations and bidirectional relationship of light physical activities (PA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), television viewing (TV) and video game/computer use (VG) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS:Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study-ELANA is a middle school cohort study conducted in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil in 2010-2012. Self-reported data on PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire- IPAQ) and screen activities were obtained from 810 adolescents (mean ages of 10.9 years old (SD 0.78) for girls; 11 years old (SD 0.85) for boys) to perform autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models in two time points for PA and three time points for screen activities. RESULTS:There was no significant stability of light PA and MVPA for boys and girls. Moderate stability of screen activities were found for both genders, with a significant coefficient of TV for boys (T1-T2:0.29; T2-T3:0.27 p<0.001); and VG for boys (T1-T2:0.33; T2-T3:0.35 p<0.001) and girls (T1-T2: 0.26; T2-T3:0.37 p<0.01). Significant lagged effects were obtained only among girls: light PA had effect on VG (-0.10 p<0.01), as well as in the opposite direction of TV on light PA (-0.03 p<0.01) and TV on MVPA (-0.11 p<0.01). CONCLUSION:The light PA, MVPA and screen activities (among girls) did not demonstrate stability over time. A warning scenario was suggested by the stability of high amounts of screen activities among boys over time. Screen activities had bidirectional association with light PA and MVPA among girls over time

Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Children below Five Years of Age in Cape Verde, West Africa

This study estimated the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in a probability sample of 993 children aged 6-59 months in Cape Verde, West Africa. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated from a hierarchical model for multiple analysis to assess the association between anaemia and explanatory variables. The prevalence of anaemia was 51.8% (95% CI 47.7-55.8). Children who resided within poor household conditions (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.71) were below 24 months of age (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.03-5.15) and recently experienced diarrhoea (OR 1.58; 95% CI 0.99-2.50) were at high risk of anaemia. Anaemia should be considered a serious public-health concern in Cape Verde, mainly for children below 24 months. Further, special consideration should be given to children who have experienced recent diarrhoea and belong to families residing in poor household conditions

Case Fatality Rate Related to Microcephaly Congenital Zika Syndrome and Associated Factors: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Brazil †.

BACKGROUND: The clinical manifestations of microcephaly/congenital Zika syndrome (microcephaly/CZS) have harmful consequences on the child's health, increasing vulnerability to childhood morbidity and mortality. This study analyzes the case fatality rate and child-maternal characteristics of cases and deaths related to microcephaly/CZS in Brazil, 2015-2017. METHODS: Population-based study developed by linkage of three information systems. We estimate frequencies of cases, deaths, case fatality rate related to microcephaly/CZS according to child and maternal characteristics and causes of death. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS: The microcephaly/CZS case fatality rate was 10% (95% CI 9.2-10.7). Death related to microcephaly/CZS was associated to moderate (OR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.63-2.83), and very low birth weight (OR = 3.77; 95% CI 2.20-6.46); late preterm births (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.23), Apgar < 7 at 1st (OR = 5.98; 95% CI 4.46-8.02) and 5th minutes (OR = 4.13; 95% CI 2.78-6.13), among others. CONCLUSIONS: A high microcephaly/CZS case fatality rate and important factors associated with deaths related to this syndrome were observed. These results can alert health teams to these problems and increase awareness about the factors that may be associated with worse outcomes

Waterborne carbon nanotube ink for the preparation of electrodes with applications in electrocatalysis and enzymatic biosensing

Conductive inks with optimal properties for amperometric sensor fabrication are key materials for low cost and high performance electrodes printed on flexible substrates. In this work, electrodes made with a carbon nanotube (CNT) waterborne ink were prepared and characterized. The electrodes showed mechanical stability and electrocatalytic behavior. Moreover, they were used for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and their performance as enzymatic biosensors was assessed. Oxygen plasma treatment was used to generate carboxylic functionalities for enzyme immobilization. Its effect on the electrodes was investigated in order to optimize their performance. These electrodes were fabricated with an ink that provides a potentially simple route for roll-to-roll biosensor printing.Fil: Garate, Octavio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Veiga, Lionel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Anahí V.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Micro y Nanoelectrónica del Bicentenario; ArgentinaFil: Longinotti, Gloria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Ybarra, Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Monsalve, Leandro Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial. Centro de Micro y Nanoelectrónica del Bicentenario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Body mass index for predicting hyperglycemia and serum lipid changes in Brazilian adolescents Índice de masa corporal para predecir hiperglicemia y alteraciones lipídicas en adolescentes brasileros Índice de massa corporal para predizer hiperglicemia e alterações lipídicas em adolescentes brasileiros

OBJECTIVE: To determine the best cut-offs of body mass index for identifying alterations of blood lipids and glucose in adolescents. METHODS: A probabilistic sample including 577 adolescent students aged 12-19 years in 2003 (210 males and 367 females) from state public schools in the city of Niterói, Southeastern Brazil, was studied. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to identify the best age-adjusted BMI cut-off for predicting high levels of serum total cholesterol (>150mg/dL), LDL-C (>100mg/dL), serum triglycerides (>100mg/dL), plasma glucose (>100mg/dL) and low levels of HDL-C (< 45mg/dL). Four references were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of BMI cut-offs: one Brazilian, one international and two American. RESULTS: The most prevalent metabolic alterations (>50%) were: high total cholesterol and low HDL-C. BMI predicted high levels of triglycerides in males, high LDL-C in females, and high total cholesterol and the occurrence of three or more metabolic alterations in both males and females (areas under the curve range: 0.59 to 0.67), with low sensitivity (57%-66%) and low specificity (58%-66%). The best BMI cut-offs for this sample (20.3 kg/m² to 21.0 kg/m²) were lower than those proposed in the references studied. CONCLUSIONS: Although BMI values lower than the International cut-offs were better predictor of some metabolic abnormalities in Brazilian adolescents, overall BMI is not a good predictor of these abnormalities in this population.<br>OBJETIVO: Determinar los mejores puntos de corte del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para identificar alteraciones en el perfil lipémico y glicérico en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Fueron evaluados 577 adolescentes de 12 a 19 años (210 niños y 367 niñas) en una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de escuelas estaduales de la ciudad de Niteroi, Sureste de Brasil, en 2003. Fue utilizada una curva Receiver Operating Characteristic para identificar el mejor punto de corte, ajustado a la edad, para predecir valores elevados de colesterol total sérico (=150mg/dL), LDL-C (=100mg/dL), triglicéridos (=100mg/dL), glicosis plasmática (>100mg/dL) y bajos valores de HDL-C (<45mg/dL). Cuatro referencias fueron utilizadas para verificar la sensibilidad y especificidad de los puntos de corte: una nacional, una internacional e dos americanas. RESULTADOS: Las alteraciones metabólicas de mayor prevalencia (>50%) fueron: colesterol total elevado y HDL-C bajo. El IMC fue capaz de predecir valores elevados de triglicéridos en los niños, LDL-C en las niñas y colesterol total y presencia de tres o más alteraciones metabólicas en ambos sexos (área bajo la curva - 0,59 a 0,67), a pesar de que hubo baja sensibilidad (57% a 66%) y especificidad (58% a 66%). Los mejores puntos de corte en la muestra estudiada (20,3 kg/m² a 21,0 kg/m²) fueron inferiores a los propuestos por las otras referencias. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de que los valores de IMC, menores a los de las referencias internacionales, hayan sido predictivos de algunas alteraciones metabólicas en adolescentes brasileros, el IMC no fue un buen índice para identificar estas anormalidades en la muestra estudiada.<br>OBJETIVO: Determinar os melhores pontos de corte do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para identificar alterações no perfil lipêmico e glicêmico em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 577 adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos (210 meninos e 367 meninas) em uma amostra probabilística de estudantes de escolas estaduais da cidade de Niterói (RJ), em 2003. Foi utilizada a curva Receiver Operating Characteristic para identificar o melhor ponto de corte, ajustado para idade, para predizer valores elevados de colesterol total sérico (>150mg/dL), LDL-C (>100mg/dL), triglicérides (>100mg/dL), glicose plasmática (>100mg/dL) e baixos valores de HDL-C (<45mg/dL). Quatro referências foram utilizadas para verificar a sensibilidade e especificidade dos pontos de corte: uma nacional, uma internacional e duas americanas. RESULTADOS: As alterações metabólicas de maior prevalência (>50%) foram: colesterol total elevado e HDL-C baixa. O IMC foi capaz de predizer valores elevados de triglicérides nos meninos, LDL-C nas meninas e colesterol total e presença de três ou mais alterações metabólicas em ambos os sexos (área sob a curva - 0,59 a 0,67), embora com baixa sensibilidade (57% a 66%) e especificidade (58% a 66%). Os melhores pontos de corte na amostra estudada (20,3 kg/m² a 21,0 kg/m²) foram inferiores aos propostos pelas outras referências. CONCLUSÕES: Embora valores de IMC menores do que os das referências internacionais tenham sido preditores de algumas alterações metabólicas em adolescentes brasileiros, o IMC não foi um bom índice para identificar estas anormalidades na amostra estudada