Evaluación de la calidad y propuesta de tratamiento del agua proveniente de la mina “Dos Carlos” en Pachuca, Hidalgo

El manejo de los recursos hídricos constituye una parte vital e integral en las operaciones mineras debido al potencial de contaminación de agua y su efecto consecuente en la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Por ser el agua un elemento indispensable para la vida e imprescindible como herramienta de trabajo, es importante el cuidado de abastecimiento de agua limpia y potable, y los métodos a emplear para el tratamiento de ésta con el propósito de que pueda ser reutilizada para el abastecimiento de la población cercana a la mina, este tratamiento contempla una serie de procesos, los cuales se consideran en el diseño de la planta potabilizadora; se presentarán las características y dimensiones de dichos equipos, para obtener la calidad requerida del efluente (NOM-127-SSA1-1994). Algunos de los equipos que se diseñaran son: filtros, desarenadores, osmosis inversa, etc. La finalidad de esta investigación es proporcionar una solución para el agua proveniente de minas, a través de un tren de tratamiento.The management of water resources is a vital and integral part in mining operations due to potential water pollution and its consequent impact on human health and the environment. As the water indispensable for life and indispensable element as a working tool, it is important to take care supply clean drinking water, and the methods to be used to treat this with the purpose that can be reused to supply of the population near the mine, this treatment includes a series of processes and equipment which are considered in the design of the treatment plant, where the characteristics and dimensions of the equipment shall be submitted, using a number of factors, such as flow rate, composition, concentration, required or expected effluent quality (NOM-127-SSA1-1994), etc. Some of the teams that were designed are: filters, grit chambers, reverse osmosis, etc. The purpose of this research is to provide a solution for water from mines, through a treatment train

Evaluación de contaminantes en agua y sedimentos del canal “Río de la Compañía” al Oriente del Estado de México

La contaminación en los cuerpos de agua, como resultado de las actividades antropogénicas ha ocasionado una problemática cada vez más compleja para dar tratamiento al recurso hídrico; el “Canal de la Compañía” ubicado al oriente del Estado de México no es la excepción, alrededor de éste se encuentran zonas industriales, agrícolas y una extensa población que descargan sus aguas residuales al canal, sin ningún tipo de tratamiento. Los contaminantes presentes provocan: desbordamientos, alteración del caudal, turbidez, y aceleración del proceso de eutroficación, reduciendo la vida útil del canal. Esta investigación se realiza con el propósito de cuantificar los contaminantes (metales pesados, sólidos, DQO y otros) en el agua y sedimentos de acuerdo a la normatividad vigente. Para presentar alternativas de solución para el agua, así como brindar una adecuada disposición final a los sedimentos y aún más importante para evitar posibles daños a la población que habita cerca del canal.Pollution in water bodies as a result of anthropogenic activities has resulted in an increasingly complex problem to provide treatment to water resources; the "Canal Company" located east of the State of Mexico is no exception, around this industrial, agricultural areas and a large population that discharge sewage canal without any treatment are. Contaminants cause Overflows, altered flow, turbidity, and acceleration of eutrophication, reducing the life of the channel. This research is conducted in order to quantify contaminants (heavy metals, solids, COD and others) in water and sediment according to regulations. To present alternative solutions of water and provide adequate disposal of sediments and even more important to avoid possible damage to the population living near the canal

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mis casos Clínicos de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia

Libro que conjunta casos en el área de Odontopediatría y OrtodonciaEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el tercer libro del 2021, sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG