Ejecución Presupuestal y Gestión por Resultados en el Gobierno Regional de Ayacucho - 2018

El presente trabajo investigativo denominado: Ejecución Presupuestal y Gestión por Resultados en el Gobierno Regional de Ayacucho - 2018; en los últimos años el presupuesto de los Gobiernos Regionales ha tenido un incremento notable. sin embargo, todos los Gobiernos Regionales del Perú, han revertido los presupuestos asignados por falta de capacidad de gasto. De acuerdo a la Memoria Anual de Gestión 2018, se aprecia que, en la ejecución física financiera para gastos de capital a nivel pliego 2018, tuvo un Presupuesto Institucional Modificado para proyectos (Gastos de capital), de S/ 445,208,888, se devengó S/ 385,280,466.69, que representa el 86.54%, por tanto, la entidad ha dejado de ejecutar S/ 59,928,421.31, generando una gestión deficiente. El problema principal: ¿Qué relación existe entre la Ejecución Presupuestal y la Gestión por Resultados en el Gobierno Regional de Ayacucho – 2018?, objetivo: Determinar qué relación existe entre la Ejecución Presupuestal y la Gestión por Resultados en el Gobierno Regional de Ayacucho – 2018. La metodología utilizada es específico y general, aplicada, con un nivel correlacional, con diseño correlacional descriptivo, no experimental; como técnica empleada la encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario. El resultado es: que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la Ejecución Presupuestal y la gestión por resultados en el Gobierno de Ayacucho – 2018 y la principal recomendación es: Socializar con los directivos, personal y funcionarios con la finalidad de ejecutar la mayor cantidad de presupuesto en obras en beneficio de la población previa una adecuada planificación

Editor for creating and applying computerise surveys

The parallel development of the psychometric assessments and the computer technologies determined a big revolution regarding the construction and the application of psychological and educational tests. This report describes a computerized system that allows researchers to creating, applying, and tabulating surveys and paper instruments in an automatized way. Many studies describe the use of this tool, highlighting its main characteristics. This system can be considered a useful tool, since it permits to input data with higher precision and no need for previous codifications. Further, it allows researchers to know the latency period from the answer to each and every item. The prospects about new versions of the system stress on: extending the number of measured topics; creating automatic corrections systems; managing data via internet; and selecting the most valid items to measure each matter or specific groups of persons

Malnutrition and the disproportional burden on the poor: the case of Ghana

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health and development concern in the developing world and in poor communities within these regions. Understanding the nature and determinants of socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition is essential in contemplating the health of populations in developing countries and in targeting resources appropriately to raise the health of the poor and most vulnerable groups. Methods. This paper uses a concentration index to summarize inequality in children's height-for-age z-scores in Ghana across the entire socioeconomic distribution and decomposes this inequality into different contributing factors. Data is used from the Ghana 2003 Demographic and Health Survey. Results. The results show that malnutrition is related to poverty, maternal education, health care and family planning and regional characteristics. Socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition is mainly associated with poverty, health care use and regional disparities. Although average malnutrition is higher using the new growth standards recently released by the World Health Organization, socioeconomic inequality and the associated factors are robust to the change of reference population. Conclusion. Child malnutrition in Ghana is a multisectoral problem. The factors associated with average malnutrition rates are not necessarily the same as those associated with socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition

Self-efficacy perceived in academic behaviors in university students of ‘health’ and ‘social’ sciences

The aim of this present study consisted in comparing the profiles of the academic Self-efficacy perceived in ‘Social’ and ‘Health’ Sciences University students. The total sample was 1113 subjects; 524 from Health Sciences and 589 from Social Sciences, with an average age of 18.20 years (DS= 0.72) and 18.24 years (DS=0.74) respectively. The approach adopted in this research was framed into a quantitative approach with a descriptive design, survey type. The results show that the perceived self-efficacy profiles are very similar among ‘Social’ and ‘Health’ Sciences students. And behaviors related to ‘Communication’ factor, represent an opportunity area for University students in their first year. Future studies should replicate these findings with larger samples

Socioeconomic Inequality in Malnutrition in Developing Countries

Epidemiological evidence points to a small set of primary causes of child mortality that are the main killers of children aged less than 5 years: pneumonia, diarrhoea, low birth weight, asphyxia and, in some parts of the world, HIV and malaria. Malnutrition is the underlying cause of one out of every two such deaths. The evidence also shows that child death and malnutrition are not equally distributed throughout the world. They cluster in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, and in poor communities within these regions. Disparities in health outcomes between the poor and the rich are increasingly attracting attention from researchers and policy-makers, thereby fostering a substantial growth in the literature on health equity. “Socioeconomic inequality” in malnutrition refers to the degree to which childhood malnutrition rates differ between more and less socially and economically advantaged groups. This is different from “pure inequality”, which takes into account all factors influencing childhood malnutrition. The available literature documenting socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition focuses mainly on individual countries or regions. At a more global level, Wagstaff and Watanabe provided evidence on socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition across 20 developing countries. Other relevant cross-country studies include those of Pradhan et al., who describe total inequality, and Smith et al., who describe inequalities between urban and rural populations. The latter two studies, however, provide no evidence on socioeconomic inequality within developing countries

Prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención hiperactividad en escolares de una zona urbano marginal de Lima

A sample of 212 students was taken of the marginal-urban area of San Martin de Porres district, located in Lima, aged between 6 and 11 years, who were attending a state primary school. A checklist was applied, (validated by the authors) made up by l8 items under DSM IV criteria. The results indicated a prevalence of 16.5 % (IC 95 %=10.7 %-22.3 %), the most predominant type was combined, in boys and the age group of 6 to 8 years. It was also identified that in boys predominate the combined type and the hyperactive one, while the inattentive type is more prevalent in girls.Se contó con una muestra de 212 niños de la zona urbano-marginal del distrito de San Martín de Porres, ubicado en Lima, con edades entre 6 y 11 años de edad, y pertenecientes a una institución educativa estatal de nivel primario. Se aplicó una lista de chequeo (validada por los autores) conformada por 18 ítems bajo los criterios del DSM IV. Los resultados indicaron una prevalencia de 16,5 % (IC 95 %=10,7 %-22,3 %), mayor predomino del tipo combinado, del sexo masculino y del grupo etario de 6 a 8 años. Asimismo, se identificó que en el sexo masculino predomina el tipo combinado e hiperactivo, mientras que el tipo inatento es más prevalente en el sexo femenino

Academic self-efficacy in first year students college of health sciences

Self-efficacy learning is an important component of learning for college. Academic self-efficacy refers to the degree of confidence that health sciences students could successfully complete on college-task. The purpose of this research lies on the specific characteristics of health sciences students according to their academic self-efficacy by comparing their profiles with students that chose a different discipline. The Academic self-efficacy sample was done to 2089 subjects: 902 women and 1187 men, all of them freshmen students from the different careers at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua who responded to a survey questionnaire, with an average age of 18.23 years (SD = 0.74). This is a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design type. The results obtained by comparing students of health sciences, with students from other disciplines show that perceived self-efficacy in academic behaviors is very similar each other

Impacto de competencias profesionales en la formación de estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México

Expertos en teoría curricular, proponen que un plan de estudios deberá atenderse con ejercicios de reforma curricular al menos cada cuatro años. La presente investigación, refiere resultados de un primer acercamiento al Modelo Educativo centrado en el aprendizaje y basado en competencias que se aprobó en el año 2005 para la Licenciatura en Educación Física de la Facultad de Educación Física y Ciencias del Deporte de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Con la participación de 279 sujetos, considero como variable predictiva a los estudiantes de la carrera según sus áreas de opción curricular: salud, deporte y educación, y como variable de resultados las competencias: cultura en salud; elementos conceptuales básicos; prestación de servicios en salud y la competencia de investigación en las áreas de salud y educación. Mediante la aplicación de una escala tipo likert se encontró que los estudiantes al finalizar su carrera, perciben que el desarrollo de sus competencias profesionales desde la perspectiva de resultados de aprendizaje lo califican en su gran mayoría como aceptables (2-3). Fueron menos los dominios que se calificaron en el rango de competentes (3-4), encontrando además diferencias significativas entre los valores de dominios por competencia y áreas curriculares en particular. El presente trabajo es parte de un proyecto que valora todas las competencias de la carrera (básica, profesional y específica). Se recomienda seguir realizando estudios que consideren la calidad del modelo educativo desde la perspectiva de intervención, así como su impacto relacionado con el rendimiento académico, la trayectoria escolar, aspectos sociales y emocionales del estudiante