Blocking inos and endoplasmic reticulum stress synergistically improves insulin resistance in mice

Recent data show that iNOS has an essential role in ER stress in obesity. However, whether iNOS is sufficient to account for obesity-induced ER stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we used iNOS knockout mice to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD) can still induce residual ER stress-associated insulin resistance. Methods: For this purpose, we used the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT), euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, western blotting and qPCR in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of iNOS KO and control mice on HFD. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that, in HFD fed mice, iNOS-induced alteration in insulin signaling is an essential mechanism of insulin resistance in muscle, suggesting that iNOS may represent an important target that could be blocked in order to improve insulin sensitivity in this tissue. However, in liver and adipose tissue, the insulin resistance induced by HFD was only partially dependent on iNOS, and, even in the presence of genetic or pharmacological blockade of iNOS, a clear ER stress associated with altered insulin signaling remained evident in these tissues. When this ER stress was blocked pharmacologically, insulin signaling was improved, and a complete recovery of glucose tolerance was achieved. Conclusions: Taken together, these results reinforce the tissue-specific regulation of insulin signaling in obesity, with iNOS being sufficient to account for insulin resistance in muscle, but in liver and adipose tissue ER stress and insulin resistance can be induced by both iNOS-dependent and iNOS-independent mechanisms62206218FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ – CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2012/15009-0; 2016/07122-2sem informaçãosem informaçã

Enhancing volunteer engagement to achieve desirable outcomes: what can non-profit employers do?

Abstract Engagement is a positive psychological state that is linked with a range of beneficial individual and organizational outcomes. However, the factors associated with volunteer engagement have rarely been examined. Data from 1064 volunteers of a wildlife charity in the United Kingdom revealed that both task- and emotion-oriented organizational support were positively related to volunteer engagement, and volunteer engagement was positively related to volunteer happiness and perceived social worth and negatively related to intent to leave the voluntary organization. Consistent with theory, engagement acted as a mediator between these factors. The implications for future research and the relevance of the findings for voluntary organizations are discussed

does participating in national and ethnic associations promote migrant integration a study with young first and second generation migrants

On arrival to a new country, migrants usually face language barriers, cultural barriers, discrimination, and other sources of unjust contextual conditions that lower their chances of a successful life (Handy and Greenspan, Nonprofit Volunt Sect Q 38:956–982, 2009). This scenario compromises their levels of well-being and supports a tendency toward social fragmentation in places of settlement (Garcia-Ramirez et al., Am J Community Psychol 47(1–2), 86–97, 2011). In response to this situation, migrants' engagement in civic life has been identified as an important element for developing both individual well-being and cohesive communities (Gilster, J Community Psychol 40(7), 769–784, 2012) (Stoll and Wong, Int Migr Rev 41(4), 880–908, 2007). Using a qualitative study, the present work explores the effects of activism on youth of sub-Saharan African origin, of the first and second generations, who are active in national and ethnic associations. The work aims to explore (1) through narratives the meaning that integration has for young migrants; (2) how integrated they feel; and (3) the role of the association, both national and ethnic, in the perception of integration of these young people

Educación, cultura e inmigración en el marco de los derechos humanos: cambio social y cultural en la Mallorca de la inmigración (magrebí)

El tema que nos ocupa encaja en la Sociología de la Cultura y de la Educación y Sociología de las migraciones, lo que nos sirve para poder explicar la que definimos como sociedad compleja y de cambio, y comprender mejor el papel de las migraciones en el marco de los Derechos Humanos y convivencia ciudadana. Haciendo hincapié en la Educación como elemento sociocultural, que puede reflejar las inquietudes de nuestra sociedad. Concretando el tema en la Mallorca de la Inmigración magrebí, en el contexto de una población que ha crecido de nacidos fuera de la Isla en más de un 140 %, lo que ha tenido consecuencias para la realidad escolar, lo que pretendemos constatar analizando diversas escuelas de estas características. Una sociedad en proceso de globalización y que al tiempo que fomenta una hipotética solidaridad y origina desigualdades económicas, sociales y culturales) donde conviven varios modelos dominantes, capitalismo, tecnológico, urbano, "mass mediático", consumista, mercantilista, etc. Hablamos de inmigración en relación a dos tipos de cambio: A.- Cambio social. Cuyos factores pueden concretarse en Movilidad poblacional, globalización y glocalización a la vez. Desigualdades sociales, en el contexto Norte-Sur, con la preponderancia dominante de Occidente, en un proceso en favor de las economías, en especial de EEUU y Europa, desregulación de las economías de los países nombrados subdesarrollados. Guerras, conflictos violentos, corrupción, violación los derechos humanos, explotación Infantil y de la Mujer, etc. Impacto social de las migraciones en las sociedades de recepción. Discriminación y marginación social, Racismo, Transnacionalización y mundialización de las problemáticas económicas, políticas y sociales. B.- Cambio cultural. En nuestro caso, cabe entenderlo desde la Sociología de la Cultura y de la socialización desde el desarrollo humano y en el marco de la explicación de la realidad social y cultural. Transculturación, hibridación de culturas, estandarización cultura, pérdida de identidades y culturas que viven procesos de extinción y reacciones en contra de este proceso y a favor de una recuperación identitaria, una socialización de las personas, se a decir aprendizaje de culturas y de inserción a la vida social con un grado de artificiosidad importante y urbana, en contra de un proceso más natural y espontáneo, controlado por una estructuración de la sociedad jerarquizada y cada vez más burocratizada. Diversidad cultural folclorizada y poco auténtica